MELO, Diana Oliveira, Falas oblíquas: o engodo da palavra em Tutameia (terceiras estórias), de João Guimarães Rosa. 2011. 109f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Letras) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Literatura, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Fortaleza-CE, 2011. / Submitted by Liliane oliveira (morena.liliane@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-26T14:00:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_DIS_DOMELO.pdf: 805112 bytes, checksum: f2b4af11bd7fe748e957b72b2ff3b5ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-23T11:23:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_DIS_DOMELO.pdf: 805112 bytes, checksum: f2b4af11bd7fe748e957b72b2ff3b5ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-23T11:23:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_DIS_DOMELO.pdf: 805112 bytes, checksum: f2b4af11bd7fe748e957b72b2ff3b5ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / This works aims at analyzing the production Tutameia – Terceiras Estórias, by João Guimarães Rosa, from a perspective on the lure of the literary word, and how to weave its intricacies and elaborate writing. The study will be more detailed narratives from three previously chosen, entitled “Hiato”, “João Porém, o criador de perus” and “Antiperipleia”. It is based on the thought of the french writer Maurice Blanchot, we will examine the construction of Rosa’s written on aspects of grounded by issues such as: the impossibility of death in the literary space, the search for the origin of the word as written direction of the instability and the fragmentation of narrative, which leads to an inaccuracy, and lack of order is established in the literary universe, that the writing is submitted, among other things. It is through these considerations that we commented on the speeches in the construction of this writing, in which the regular venue of the word, always willing to establishments credible solutions and speeches looking to stick to the true, is the fictional, which is associated the ludic and the pretence, forces arising from the literary language, attempts to destabilize the truth. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a obra "Tutameia –Terceiras Estórias", de João Guimarães Rosa, a partir de uma perspectiva sobre o engodo da palavra literária, e de como seus meandros tecem e elaboram a escrita. O estudo será mais detalhado a partir de três narrativas previamente escolhidas, intituladas “Hiato”, “João Porém, o criador de perus” e “Antiperipleia”. E é com base no pensamento do escritor francês Maurice Blanchot, que analisaremos a construção da escrita de Rosa diante de aspectos alicerçados por questões como: a impossibilidade da morte no espaço literário, a busca pela origem da palavra como direcionamento da escrita, a instabilidade e a fragmentação da narrativa, que nos conduz a uma imprecisão, bem como a ausência de ordem que se estabelece no universo literário, a que a escrita se submete, dentre outros aspectos. E é através dessas considerações que teceremos comentários a respeito das falas na construção dessa escrita, em que o espaço habitual da palavra, sempre disposto aos estabelecimentos de soluções críveis e de discursos que procuram ater-se ao verídico, encontra o ficcional, que se associa ao lúdico e ao fingimento, forças oriundas da linguagem literária, a desestabilizar tentativas de veracidade.

En s’appuyant sur l’hypothèse frontale du vieillissement (West, 1996), ce travail vise à évaluer le vieillissement normal de capacités frontales (contrôle exécutif, prise de décision, énergisation, métacognition ; Stuss, 2008)et à analyser les liens éventuels entre ces habiletés,l’autonomie et la qualité de vie des aînés. Quarante personnes jeunes (26±5 ans), 40 âgées (68,7±3,7 ans)et 30 très âgées (83,4±3,5 ans) en bonne santé ont participé à notre étude. Les aînés ne montraient pas de traits dépressifs/anxieux, ni de déclin cognitif typiques d’un vieillissement pathologique. Ils présentaient une autonomie et une qualité de vie satisfaisantes.Certaines habiletés cognitives semblent se détériorer après 65 ans (flexibilité, énergisation, prise de décision sous risque explicite, théorie de l’esprit, détection de la coopération/tromperie), d’autres après 80 ans (fluence verbale, mémoire épisodique, dénomination, inhibition,prise de décision en situation ambiguë), d’autres encore seraient préservées (lecture, rappel immédiat,réalisation de tâches de flexibilité spontanée et de temps de réaction simple). La conscience que les sujets ont d’eux-mêmes dépendrait de leur âge. Trois profils distincts de fonctionnement frontal ont été décrits pour chaque groupe de participants, montrant une variabilité intra groupe importante. Le niveau d’autonomie des personnes âgées serait associé au contrôle exécutif,celui de qualité de vie à l’énergisation et à la métacognition. Ces résultats vérifient partiellement nos hypothèses et conduisent à envisager le développement de programmes d’entraînement cognitif multidimensionnels, susceptibles d’influencer la sphère personnelle des aînés. / Starting from the “frontal lobe hypothesis of cognitive aging” (West, 1996), the main objective of this work is to study frontal lobe functions (executive control, decision making,energization, metacognition; Stuss, 2008) and their possible associations with levels of autonomy and quality of life in normal aging. Forty young adults (26±5years), forty old adults (68,7±3,7 years) and thirty very old adults (83,4±3,5 years) participated to our study.These healthy subjects didn’t show any depressive/anxious symptoms and global cognitive decline, which are frequently observed in pathologic alaging. They have a good level of autonomy and general satisfaction of life. A number of frontal lobe abilities seem to decrease after 65 years old (flexibility,energization, explicit decision-making, theory of mind,detection of cooperative and deceptive situations).Other functions decline after 80 years old (verbalfluency, episodic memory, naming, inhibition, implicit decision-making). Reading, immediate recall, realization of spontaneous flexibility and simple reaction time tasks are preserved with aging. Self-consciousness seems to depend on individuals’ age. We have described three different clusters of the frontal functioning for each group of participants, showing the existence of animportant intragroup variability. Old adults’ level of autonomy seems to be associated with the executive control, old adults’ quality of life correlated with the energization and metacognitive functions. These resultsconfirm in part our hypothesis and support the development of multidimensional cognitive training programs, which could impact old adults’ personal sphere.

Cette thèse aborde l’écologie et l’évolution des relations qu’entretiennent les orchidées du genre Ophrys avec leurs pollinisateurs. L’approche comparative et la combinaison (i)<p>d’analyses chimiques de phéromones sexuelles et de parfums floraux, (ii) d’analyses génétiques avec des outils moléculaires, et (ii) de tests de comportement réalisés sur les insectes in situ nous ont permis d’éclairer certains aspects méconnus de ces interactions inter-spécifiques. La pollinisation des orchidées du genre Ophrys est assurée par des mâles d'abeilles ou de guêpes solitaires qui opèrent une tentative d’accouplement (pseudocopulation) sur le labelle des fleurs. L'attraction des pollinisateurs est généralement hautement spécifique, régie par un mimétisme des signaux (chimiques, visuels, tactiles) des femelles des espèces d'insectes concernés. Malgré cette spécificité, des hybrides se forment occasionnellement en conditions naturelles, témoignant de la perméabilité partielle des barrières d'isolement reproductif entre espèces. Au cours de<p>ce programme de recherche, nous avons entrepris l’étude des interactions Ophryspollinisateurs en mettant l’accent sur trois aspects spécifiques, à savoir (i) la sélection des caractères floraux par les pollinisateurs, (ii) l'isolement reproductif entre espèces d'Ophrys sympatriques, et enfin (iii) l'évolution des caractères floraux au sein d'un complexe d'espèces-soeurs d'Ophrys associées à différents pollinisateurs. Les principaux<p>résultats de ce travail sont repris ci-dessous, ponctués de références aux articles qui rassemblent l’intégralité des études réalisées. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Ce travail de thèse visait à déterminer l’influence de la durée et du niveau d’entraînement en endurance sur les mécanismes de régulation de la fatigue neuromusculaire et d’une stratégie de modulation de ces mécanismes sur la performance motrice. Ce travail de thèse consistait également à élaborer une nouvelle méthode d’entraînement permettant d’optimiser les stimuli responsables des adaptations résultantes d’un programme de conditionnement physique. Les résultats principaux issus de ces travaux sont présentés dans un résumé plus détaillé en fin de manuscrit. / The present work aimed to determine the influence of exercise duration and endurance training level on the mechanisms underlying neuromuscular fatigue regulation and the effect of a deceptive strategy on exercise performance. This thesis also aimed to elaborate a new training method that would optimize exercise-induced training stimuli that are known to trigger complementary physical abilities adaptations. The main outcomes of these works are detailed in an expanded abstract at the end of the manuscript.

In spite of the SAPS having a dedicated polygraph capacity since 1998, little research has been conducted with regard to the use of the polygraph in criminal investigations. Consequently, the aim of this research was to focus on the perceptions and experiences of investigators in the SAPS regarding the application of polygraph testing in criminal investigations, the application of the polygraph as an investigative aid, the extent to which it is used by SAPS investigators to resolve criminal cases opened by the general public and/or in internal departmental criminal investigations; and whether or not it has helped to solve cases by giving direction and/or focus to the investigator when an investigation is at an impasse. A qualitative research approach was conducted among investigators within the SAPS. The research design selected for this study was grounded theory. The sample consisted of twenty investigators, ten of whom had previously used polygraph examinations in their investigations and ten of whom had not. Data was collected from interviews, document analysis, field notes and memoranda which presented and detailed the perceptions and experiences of investigators in the SAPS regarding the application of polygraph tests in criminal investigations. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)

Cette thèse vise à mieux définir ainsi qu'à mieux évaluer les stratégies de tromperie et de manipulation de l'information. Des ressources conceptuelles, formelles et expérimentales sont combinées en vue d'analyser des cas standards de tromperie, tels que le mensonge, mais aussi non-standards, tels que les inférences trompeuses et l'omission stratégique. Les aspects définitionnels sont traités en premier. J'analyse la définition traditionnelle du mensonge en présentant des résultats empiriques en faveur de cette définition classique (dite 'définition subjective'), contre certains arguments visant à défendre une 'définition objective' par l'ajout d'une condition de fausseté. J'examine ensuite une énigme logique issue de R. Smullyan, et qui porte sur un cas limite de tromperie basé sur une règle d'inférence par défaut pour tromper un agent par omission. Je traite ensuite des aspects évaluatifs. Je pars du cadre existant pour l'évaluation du renseignement et propose une typologie des messages fondée sur les dimensions descriptives de vérité (pour leur contenu) et d'honnêteté (pour leur source). Je présente ensuite une procédure numérique pour l'évaluation des messages basée sur les dimensions évaluatives de crédibilité (pour la vérité) et de fiabilité (pour l'honnêteté). Des modèles numériques de plausibilité servent à capturer la crédibilité a priori des messages puis des règles numériques sont proposées pour actualiser ces degrés selon la fiabilité de la source. / This thesis aims at improving the definition and evaluation of deceptive strategies that can manipulate information. Using conceptual, formal and experimental resources, I analyze three deceptive strategies, some of which are standard cases of deception, in particular lies, and others non-standard cases of deception, in particular misleading inferences and strategic omissions. Firstly, I consider definitional aspects. I deal with the definition of lying, and present new empirical data supporting the traditional account of the notion (called the ‘subjective definition’), contradicting recent claims in favour of a falsity clause (leading to an ‘objective definition’). Next, I analyze non-standard cases of deception through the categories of misleading defaults and omissions of information. I use qualitative belief revision to examine a puzzle due to R. Smullyan about the possibility of triggering a default inference to deceive an addressee by omission. Secondly, I consider evaluative aspects. I take the perspective of military intelligence data processing to offer a typology of informational messages based on the descriptive dimensions of truth (for message contents) and honesty (for message sources). I also propose a numerical procedure to evaluate these messages based on the evaluative dimensions of credibility (for truth) and reliability (for honesty). Quantitative plausibility models are used to capture degrees of prior credibility of messages, and dynamic rules are defined to update these degrees depending on the reliability of the source.

This thesis focuses on the notion of unreliability of a narrator. From the theoretical point of view, it challenges the category of unreliable narratorsas too broad and vague. It attempts to problematize the idea of a distinctive border line separating reliable and unreliable narrators via practical interpretative analysis of prototypes of narrators. Based on such analyses it claims that many of these narrators have been included in this category unjustifiably. Thus the category suffers from its expansive character and blurred meaning. The thesis perceives recognition of narrators based on binary opposition of reliable vs. unreliableas problematic; therefore the thesis also provides potential ways how to approach individual samples of narratives and their narrators. The thesis attempts to reduce growing the number of potential unreliable narrators via using other frames to describe their narrative functions.

El Expediente N° 004-2017 versa sobre la materia de actos de Competencia Desleal, en la modalidad de engaño, supuesto establecido en el artículo 8° del Decreto Legislativo N° 1044, Ley de Represión de la Competencia Desleal. Esta modalidad se configura cuando un agente económico tiene como efecto, real o potencial, inducir a error a otros agentes sobre la naturaleza, modo de fabricación o distribución, características, aptitud para el uso, calidad, cantidad, precio, condiciones de venta o adquisición y, en general, sobre las características, beneficios o condiciones que corresponden a los bienes o servicios que este ofrece en el mercado o, inclusive, sobre los atributos que posee dicho agente, incluido todo aquello que representa su actividad empresarial. Dicho ello, respecto de aquellas afirmaciones que sean de carácter objetivo, es decir, comprobables, la responsabilidad de acreditar la veracidad recaerá sobre el agente económico que haya actuado en calidad de anunciante, a fin de comprobar la exactitud de la información. Asimismo, es los medios probatorios que sustenten dicha veracidad deberán ser previos a la difusión de los mensajes publicitarios. En ese sentido, la Autoridad correspondiente deberá evaluar si la información contenida en el anuncio publicitario resulta engañosa o no. Para ello, es necesario que, de una apreciación integral y superficial, se identifique el mensaje transmitido, para que, posteriormente, sea constatado con la realidad y se determine la existencia o no de incongruencias. De este modo, podrá concluirse que es una vulneración al principio de veracidad y, en consecuencia, un acto de engaño. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

The advent of social media has provided an arena where barriers to entry are low. Individuals may persuade, question others and defend both their philosophies and their actions. This study examines the classic role of rhetorical criticism as it may apply in new media venues. A blog written by a public figure was examined through a synthesis of rhetorical criticism analyses derived from Ware and Linkugel, Vartabedian, and Downey. Four strategies and associated positioning in the practice of apologia were identified in selected blog posts, indicating the genre of apologia applies to social media apologies and extends the genre of apologia. Rhetorical criticism was found to be an effective tool in identifying rhetorical postures and strategies used in social media.

The field of evolutionary computation is inspired by the achievements of natural evolution, in which there is no final objective. Yet the pursuit of objectives is ubiquitous in simulated evolution because evolutionary algorithms that can consistently achieve established benchmarks are lauded as successful, thus reinforcing this paradigm. A significant problem is that such objective approaches assume that intermediate stepping stones will increasingly resemble the final objective when in fact they often do not. The consequence is that while solutions may exist, searching for such objectives may not discover them. This problem with objectives is demonstrated through an experiment in this dissertation that compares how images discovered serendipitously during interactive evolution in an online system called Picbreeder cannot be rediscovered when they become the final objective of the very same algorithm that originally evolved them. This negative result demonstrates that pursuing an objective limits evolution by selecting offspring only based on the final objective. Furthermore, even when high fitness is achieved, the experimental results suggest that the resulting solutions are typically brittle, piecewise representations that only perform well by exploiting idiosyncratic features in the target. In response to this problem, the dissertation next highlights the importance of leveraging human insight during search as an alternative to articulating explicit objectives. In particular, a new approach called novelty-assisted interactive evolutionary computation (NA-IEC) combines human intuition with a method called novelty search for the first time to facilitate the serendipitous discovery of agent behaviors. iii In this approach, the human user directs evolution by selecting what is interesting from the on-screen population of behaviors. However, unlike in typical IEC, the user can then request that the next generation be filled with novel descendants, as opposed to only the direct descendants of typical IEC. The result of such an approach, unconstrained by a priori objectives, is that it traverses key stepping stones that ultimately accumulate meaningful domain knowledge. To establishes this new evolutionary approach based on the serendipitous discovery of key stepping stones during evolution, this dissertation consists of four key contributions: (1) The first contribution establishes the deleterious effects of a priori objectives on evolution. The second (2) introduces the NA-IEC approach as an alternative to traditional objective-based approaches. The third (3) is a proof-of-concept that demonstrates how combining human insight with novelty search finds solutions significantly faster and at lower genomic complexities than fully-automated processes, including pure novelty search, suggesting an important role for human users in the search for solutions. Finally, (4) the NA-IEC approach is applied in a challenge domain wherein leveraging human intuition and domain knowledge accelerates the evolution of solutions for the nontrivial octopus-arm control task. The culmination of these contributions demonstrates the importance of incorporating human insights into simulated evolution as a means to discovering better solutions more rapidly than traditional approaches.