Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2017-12-13T11:32:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandrasolerbastos_dissert.pdf: 1233932 bytes, checksum: 070d0a302eb15abf238668579e98ab8f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-13T11:32:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandrasolerbastos_dissert.pdf: 1233932 bytes, checksum: 070d0a302eb15abf238668579e98ab8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28 / Introduction: The use of sedation in critically ill patients is necessary because it provides anxiolysis, aminosia, and comfort when mechanically ventilated. However, it may be a risk factor for the development of delirium in these patients, increasing length of hospital stay and mortality. Objective: To identify delirium and subsyndromal delirium in critically ill patients and to associate it with age, length of hospital stay, mortality, sedation administered, medical specialty of hospitalization and predictive scale of mortality Sepse Related Organ Failure Assessment. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital with 157 patients using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale for sedation evaluation and Intensive Care Deli¬rium Screening Checklist for delirium evaluation. Results: Most patients presented subsyndromal delirium. The relationship between delirium and the subindromous with the time of intensive care hospitalization was statistically significant for both, while age was significant only in subsyndromatics. The most commonly used sedatives were fentanyl, midazolan, propofol and clonidine. There were significant differences between delirium and clonidine use, and subsindromatic delirium with fentanyl and midazolan. Most were discharged from the intensive care unit and the main medical specialty was neurosurgery. There were no significant differences between mortality, occurrence of discharge and death and medical specialty. Conclusion: The daily evaluation by nurses for identification and monitoring of subsyndromal delirium in intensive care patients assists in the adoption of measures that minimize the stressors that trigger delirium. The evaluation of the use of sedation by the nurse is necessary since the patients who used some sedative presented more delirium than those who did not use. / Introducción: El uso de sedación en pacientes críticos es necesario pues proporciona ansiólisis, amnesia, y confort cuando son ventilados mecánicamente. Pero puede ser un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de delirium en ellos, aumentando el tiempo de internación hospitalaria y mortalidad. Objetivo: Identificar delirium y delirium subsindromático en pacientes críticos y asociar a la edad, tiempo de internación, mortalidad, sedación administrada, especialidad médica de la internación y escala predictora de mortalidad Sepse Related Organ Failure Assessment. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado en un hospital de enseñanza, con 157 pacientes, utilizando las escalas Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale para la evaluación de la sedación e Intensive Care Delihrio Screening Checklist para la evaluación del delirium. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes presentó delirium subsindromático. La relación entre el delirium y el subsindromático con el tiempo de internación en terapia intensiva fue estadísticamente significante para ambos, mientras que la edad fue significativa sólo en el subsindromático. Los sedantes más utilizados fueron fentanil, midazolan, propofol y clonidina. Hubo diferencias significativas entre delirium y uso de clonidina, y delirium subsindromático con fentanil y midazolan. La mayoría recibió alta de la unidad de terapia intensiva y la principal especialidad médica fue neurocirugía. No hubo diferencias significativas entre mortalidad, ocurrencia de alta y muerte y especialidad médica. Conclusión: La evaluación diaria hecha por enfermeros para identificación y monitoreo del delirium subsindromático en pacientes de terapia intensiva auxilia en la adopción de medidas que minimicen los factores estresantes desencadenantes del delirium. La evaluación del uso de sedación por el enfermero se hace necesaria ya que los pacientes que hicieron uso de algún sedante presentaron más delirium que aquellos que no hicieron uso. / Introdução: O uso de sedação em pacientes críticos é necessário pois proporciona ansiólise, aminésia, e conforto quando ventilados mecanicamente. Porém pode ser um fator de risco para desenvolvimento de delirium nesses, aumentando tempo de internação hospitalar e mortalidade. Objetivo: Identificar delirium e delirium subsindromático em pacientes críticos e associar à idade, tempo de internação, mortalidade, sedação administrada, especialidade médica da internação e escala preditora de mortalidade Sepse Related Organ Failure Assessment. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado em hospital de ensino, com 157 pacientes, utilizando as escalas, Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale para avaliação da sedação e Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist para avaliação do delirium. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes apresentou delirium subsindromático. A relação entre o delirium e o subsindromático com o tempo de internação em terapia intensiva foi estatisticamente significante para ambos, enquanto a idade foi significativa apenas no subsindromático. Os sedativos mais utilizados foram fentanil, midazolan, propofol e clonidina. Houve diferenças significativas entre delirium e uso de clonidina, e delirium subsindromático com fentanil e midazolan. A maioria recebeu alta da unidade de terapia intensiva e a principal especialidade médica foi neurocirurgia. Não houve diferenças significativas entre mortalidade, ocorrência de alta e óbito e especialidade médica. Conclusão: A avaliação diária feita por enfermeiros para identificação e monitoração do delirium subsindromático em pacientes de terapia intensiva auxilia na adoção de medidas que minimizem os fatores estressores desencadeantes do delirium. A avaliação do uso de sedação pelo enfermeiro se faz necessária visto que o os pacientes que fizeram uso de algum sedativo apresentaram mais delirium do que aqueles que não fizeram uso.

<p>Delirium is common among old patients admitted to hospital, but is often a neglected problem in patient care. The principal aim of this thesis was to evaluate aspects of delirium in relation to incidence, risk factors, behavioural changes, cognitive function and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). A further aim was to describe patients’ experiences of being delirious. The study was prospective, descriptive and comparative, with repeated measures (six-month follow up). The sample consisted of 225 consecutive patients, aged 65 years or older, who were to be operated on due to hip fracture or hip replacement. Exclusion criteria were serious cognitive disorder or delirium on admission. Data were collected via frequent daily observations, cognitive functioning tests (MMSE), HRQOL questionnaires (SF-36) and interviews. Delirium was assessed according to the DSM-IV criteria. A total of 45/225 became delirious, with an incidence of 24.3% among patients undergoing hip fracture surgery and 11.7% among those with hip replacement surgery. A predictive model for delirium included four factors: impaired hearing, passivity, low cognitive functioning, and waiting more than 18h for hip fracture surgery. Disorientation and urgent calls for attention were the most frequent behavioural changes in the prodromal phase prior to delirium. Delirium in connection with hip fracture revealed deteriorated HRQOL and cognitive functioning when measured at a six-month follow-up. The experience of being delirious was described by the patients as a sudden change of reality. Such an experience gave rise to strong emotional feelings, as did recovery from delirium. Nurses’ observations of behavioural changes in old patients with impaired cognitive function may be the first step in managing and reducing delirium. The predictive model of delirium ought to be tested further before use in clinical practice.</p>

Delirium is common among old patients admitted to hospital, but is often a neglected problem in patient care. The principal aim of this thesis was to evaluate aspects of delirium in relation to incidence, risk factors, behavioural changes, cognitive function and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). A further aim was to describe patients’ experiences of being delirious. The study was prospective, descriptive and comparative, with repeated measures (six-month follow up). The sample consisted of 225 consecutive patients, aged 65 years or older, who were to be operated on due to hip fracture or hip replacement. Exclusion criteria were serious cognitive disorder or delirium on admission. Data were collected via frequent daily observations, cognitive functioning tests (MMSE), HRQOL questionnaires (SF-36) and interviews. Delirium was assessed according to the DSM-IV criteria. A total of 45/225 became delirious, with an incidence of 24.3% among patients undergoing hip fracture surgery and 11.7% among those with hip replacement surgery. A predictive model for delirium included four factors: impaired hearing, passivity, low cognitive functioning, and waiting more than 18h for hip fracture surgery. Disorientation and urgent calls for attention were the most frequent behavioural changes in the prodromal phase prior to delirium. Delirium in connection with hip fracture revealed deteriorated HRQOL and cognitive functioning when measured at a six-month follow-up. The experience of being delirious was described by the patients as a sudden change of reality. Such an experience gave rise to strong emotional feelings, as did recovery from delirium. Nurses’ observations of behavioural changes in old patients with impaired cognitive function may be the first step in managing and reducing delirium. The predictive model of delirium ought to be tested further before use in clinical practice.

Hip fracture is a global and a growing public health problem. More women than men sustain hip fractures, the incidence increases exponentially with age and mean age is above 80. About one third of hip-fracture patients suffer from dementia and are prone to develop acute confusional state (delirium). Delirium is one of the most common complications after hip-fracture surgery, and seriously impacts on morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition is also common in hip-fracture patients and is associated with postoperative complications, such as delayed healing of the wound, infections and decubitus ulcers. Arthroplasty is usually preferred procedure in displaced femoral neck fractures but is, however, controversial in patients with dementia due to the fear of dislocation of the prosthesis. The aims of this thesis are to identify risk factors for delirium and the impact of delirium on rehabilitation outcome, to evaluate whether a postoperative multi-factorial intervention program could reduce delirium, to investigate the effect of a nutritional intervention and to evaluate complications, functional outcome and mortality regarding two surgical methods, hemiarthroplasty (HAP) and internal fixation (IF), in old patients with femoral neck fracture. Thirty-eight out of 61 consecutive patients (62%) were delirious on admission to hospital or developed postoperative delirium. An increased risk of postoperative delirium was found among hip-fracture patients with dementia and/or depression. Delirious patients were hospitalized longer, were more dependent in their activities of daily living, had poorer psychological well-being and suffered more complications than non-delirious patients. A postoperative multi-factorial and multidisciplinary intervention program reduced the incidence, at 55% vs 75% (p=0.003), and number of days with delirium, 5 vs 10 days (p=0.009). Postoperative complications were also reduced; decubitus ulcers 9% vs 22% (p= 0.010), urinary tract infections 31% vs 51% (p=0.005), falls 12% vs 27% (p=0.007), and the mean hospitalization period was 10 days shorter in the intervention group (p=0.030). Malnutrition was common among all these patients (53 %) and associated with postoperative complications such as decubitus ulcers and delirium. However, the nutritional intervention had no effect on nutritional parameters at four months, nevertheless men had better nutritional outcomes than women. A higher proportion of patients with dementia operated on using HAP had regained their pre-fracture ability to walk independently at the one-year follow up compared with those operated on using IF. Six of 83 patients dislocated their HAP during hospitalization and during an episode of delirium, none had dementia. No difference in mortality between the surgical methods was seen. Dementia per se should not be a reason to disqualify patients from being treated with the most appropriate surgical method. It is clinically important to discriminate between dementia and delirium, since delirium can be prevented and treated even in patients with dementia. Old patients undergoing surgery have special needs that are not always catered for in ordinary orthopaedic or surgical wards. The special care for these patients should include: a combined nursing and medical care based on comprehensive geriatric assessments, systematic prevention, detection and treatment of postoperative complications such as delirium, hypoxemia, urinary tract infections, pain, malnutrition and an active rehabilitation. It is obvious that improved quality of care reduces patient suffering and seemingly the costs for society.

Cette thèse aborde la clinique de la psychose avec des enfants et des adolescents à partir de deux diagnostics : dans la première partie, le diagnostic de « Psychose ordinaire », d’orientation lacanienne, et, dans la seconde partie, ce qui a été qualifié par des orientations postfreudiennes de « limite », soit un « cas », un « état » ou un « trouble ». Des séries de cas respectifs ont été examinés, à partir des rapports écrits par les psychanalystes de chaque orientation. Dans cette recherche, nous avons pu vérifier que lorsque des changements immédiats et positifs sont arrivés dans le cours même des séances, ils le sont toujours grâce à l’établissement du transfert. Dans cette perspective, Lacan a souligné que les cas dit « limites » sont en réalité des cas d’acting out, où le sujet cherche à pousser le transfert depuis le registre imaginaire des significations vers l’opération symbolique dans laquelle doivent être pris les signifiants de la langue ou de la lalangue qu’il prononce. Ce que les « cas limites » mettent en relief est la « limite transférentielle ». Dans la psychose ordinaire, les suppléances imaginaires réussies par le sujet seul ont acquis en présence de l’autre réel du transfert des supports symboliques stables. Dans la psychose extraordinaire, où ces suppléances manquent et l’appel du sujet à un autre est fait à travers différentes manifestations de la jouissance, l’acquisition du support signifiant est suffisant pour des changements subjectifs significatifs et l’établissement de liens sociaux. Grâce au transfert l’état extraordinaire devient ordinaire et on peut dire que dans la clinique de la psychose, il y a un avant et un après le transfert. / This thesis approaches the clinical psychosis with children and adolescents from two different diagnoses: in the first part, the diagnosis of "ordinary psychosis", Lacanian orientation, and, in the second, what has been qualified by certain guidelines post-Freudian "limit", be it a "case", a "state" or a "disorder”. The respective case series have been examined from texts written by psychoanalysts of each orientation. In this thesis, we have been able to verify that, when there have been immediate and positive changes in the actual course of the sessions, it has been thanks to the establishment of the transfer. From this point of view, Lacan has emphasized that the cases qualified as "borderline" are really acts of acting out, through which the subject seeks to turn the transfer of the imaginary register of significations towards the register of the signifiers. In this record, what counts is the symbolic operation in which are taken these signifiers of the language or the lalangue pronounced by the subject. In the ordinary psychosis, the imaginary substitutions, achieved by the subject alone, have acquired, in the presence of the other reality of the transference, stable symbolic supports. In the extraordinary psychosis, when these substitutions have been lacking and the subject makes their call to the other through different manifestations of enjoyment, the acquisition of significant support is sufficient to achieve meaningful subjective changes and the establishment of social bonds. Thanks to the transfer, the extraordinary state becomes ordinary and one can say that in the clinical psychosis there is a before and an after the transfer.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-11-08T15:58:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Isaac Soares Bastos.pdf: 555940 bytes, checksum: 907768ba1e505fa9191477c2ad0862ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T15:58:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isaac Soares Bastos.pdf: 555940 bytes, checksum: 907768ba1e505fa9191477c2ad0862ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Being influenced by movements that arose mainly in France, England and Italy, care services for people suffering from some form of severe psychological distress have undergone through significant changes that favored the construction of new health paradigms, as well as new care devices. Such events brought about fairly fresh political, administrative and technical demands — as well as theoretical ones — that laid the groundwork for the construction of a novel field of knowledge that was diverse and heterogeneous (that one of the mental health), in which both worker and user reassessed their conceptions and practices regarding psychopathologies and their ways to treat them. Given this context, the present study had as its objective to verify how the CAPS worker perceives and intervenes before the user who presents or has presented a delirium state. Data were collected by using a socio-demographic questionnaire, a semi-structured interview technique and the participant observation. On the basis of proposals elaborated by Bardin, for the analysis and treatment of the data it was employed the Content Analysis technique. The data have revealed that the perception of the professional is created from conceptual axes, which we are going to divide into dualism of reality, nosographic, neurological, contextual and psychoanalytic. And it is from these axes that their intervention is configured. However, such axes are not demarcated or delimited in their theoretical or epistemological framework. They intersect and cross each other, producing a blended, eclectic intervention that sometimes is also done or based only on the experience and commitment of the professional. / Influenciados por movimentos que surgiram principalmente na França, Inglaterra e Itália, os serviços de atenção a pessoas que padeciam de algum tipo de sofrimento psíquico grave passaram por significativas mudanças que favoreceram a construção de novos paradigmas de saúde, como também novos dispositivos de atendimento. Tais acontecimentos trouxeram exigências politicas, administrativas, técnicas – como também teóricas – bastantes novas que propiciou a construção de um campo de saber diverso e heterogêneo (o da saúde mental) onde trabalhador e usuário reavaliaram suas concepções e práticas a respeito das psicopatologias e de suas formas de tratar. Diante desse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar como o trabalhador do CAPS percebe e intervém frente ao usuário que apresenta ou apresentou um quadro de delírio. Para coleta de dados foi utilizado questionário sócio demográfico, a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise e tratamento dos dados foi empregada a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo tendo por base as propostas elaboradas por Bardin. Os dados revelaram que a percepção do profissional se faz a partir de eixos conceituais que dividimos em: dualismo de realidade, nosográfico, neurológico, contextual e psicanalítico. E é a partir deles que a sua intervenção se configura. No entanto, elas não se fazem demarcadas ou delimitadas em seu arcabouço teórico ou epistemológico. Eles se entrecortam e se atravessam e produz uma intervenção mesclada, eclética e que, por vezes também, se faz ou se baseia apenas na experiência e empenho do profissional.

En nous référant aux théorisations de l’épistémologie psychanalytique, nous concevons la schizophrénie comme résultant d’une expérience traumatique primaire n’ayant pu être intégrée au sein de la subjectivité. Ce traumatisme, nous le rattachons moins à un évènement en tant que tel qu’à la position impensable qu’il désigne pour le sujet. Ainsi, en nous inspirant de la pensée de P. Aulagnier et de R. Roussillon, nous suggérons que le noyau traumatique conditionnant le développement d’une problématique schizophrénique se rapporte à la position d’objet pulsionnel, ou de non-désir, à laquelle se trouve identifié le sujet au sein des premiers échanges avec son environnement. <p><p>Face à l’impensable de cette position identificatoire, le sujet se voit contraint de s’extraire de la scène relationnelle avec ses objets primaires, se clivant par la même opération du capital représentatif qui lui est associé. Dans ces conditions, nous pensons que le délire, moins d’apparaître comme une production pathologique dépourvue de sens, correspond à un mode de réponse face au retour hallucinatoire de l’impensé traumatique. Aussi, à partir d’une méthodologie qualitative basée sur l’analyse d’une douzaine de cas cliniques, nous mettons en évidence trois principales fonctions du délire dans la schizophrénie. La première, conceptualisée sous le terme de « fonction contenante », procède à la mise en forme et à la transformation signifiante de ce qui ne put être symbolisé de l’expérience traumatique. La seconde, nommée « fonction localisante », tente de situer en dehors du sujet le débordement pulsionnel inhérent au traumatisme primaire. La troisième, appelée « fonction identifiante », permet à la personne délirante de s’attribuer un énoncé identificatoire qui, de manière auto-créée, supplée à l’énigme de son histoire insensée.<p><p>Enfin, l’analyse de nos données cliniques souligne que ces trois fonctions de l’activité délirante ne se réalisent pas de façon aléatoire mais qu’elles s’articulent selon une logique particulière. Ainsi, nous suggérons qu’à partir de sa triple opération le délire schizophrénique tend à se déployer en un « processus délirant », par lequel le sujet peut rendre pensable et supportable la position traumatique à laquelle il a été identifié au cours de son histoire.<p><p><p>By following theories from the psychoanalytical epistemology, we consider schizophrenia as the result of a primary trauma that has not been assimilated within the subjectivity. We connect less this traumatism with an event than with the unthinkable position the subject is identified to. Therefore, being inspired by the thought of P. Aulagnier and R. Roussillon, we suggest that the traumatic nucleus which conditions the development of schizophrenia is related to the position of instinctual object, or of non-desire, to which the subject is identified within the first exchanges with his environment. <p><p>In view of this unthinkable position, the subject is forced to remove himself from the relationship with his primary objects, splitting off from the representative capital that is associated with it. In these conditions, we think that the delusion appears less as a meaningless pathological production than as a way of answering to the hallucinatory return of the traumatic unthought. From a qualitative methodology based on the analysis of a dozen clinical cases, we highlight three main functions of the delusion in schizophrenia. The first, conceptualized under the term «containing function», carries out the shaping and the significant transformation of what could have not been symbolized of the traumatic experience. The second, called «localizing function», tries to locate outside of the subject the instinctual overflow inherent to the primary trauma. The third, named «identifying function», enables the delusional person to assume an identificatory principle which, in a self-created way, compensates for the enigma of his senseless history.<p><p>Finally, the analysis of our clinical data underlines that these three functions of the delusional activity are not randomly accomplished but are organized according to a particular logic. Thus from its triple operation, we suggest that the schizophrenic delusion tends to develop into a «delusional process», by which the subject can make thinkable and bearable the traumatic position to which he was identified during his history.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Rationale: Delirium is a serious, morbid condition affecting 2.6 million older Americans annually. A major problem plaguing delirium research is difficulty in identification, given a plethora of existing tools. The lack of consensus on key features and approaches has stymied progress in delirium research. The goal of this project was to use advanced measurement methods to improve delirium’s identification. Aims and Findings: (1) Determine the 4 most commonly used and well-validated instruments for delirium identification. Through a rigorous systematic review, I identified the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOSS), Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (DRS-R-98), and Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS). (2) Harmonize the 4 instruments to generate a delirium item bank (DEL-IB), a dataset containing items and estimates of their population level parameters. In a secondary analysis of 3 datasets, I equated instruments on a common metric and created crosswalks. (3) Explore applications of the harmonized item bank through several approaches. First, identifying different cut-points that will optimize: (a) balanced high accuracy (Youden’s J-Statistic), (b) screening (sensitivity), and (c) confirmation of diagnosis (specificity) in identification of delirium. Second, comparing performance characteristics of example forms developed from the DEL-IB. Impact: The knowledge gained includes harmonization of 4 instruments for identification of delirium, with crosswalks on a common metric. This will pave the way for combining studies, such as meta-analyses of new treatments, essential for developing guidelines and advancing clinical care. Additionally, the DEL-IB will facilitate creating big datasets, such as for omics studies to advance pathophysiologic understanding of delirium.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010 / Introdução: O rápido processo de envelhecimento populacional brasileiro tem conduzido ao aumento do quantitativo de idosos na população e, como conseqüência, maior prevalência de doenças crônicas e a necessidade de medidas preventivas, para a redução das suas complicações, de forma a proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida a esse grupo populacional. No Brasil, a procura por Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI) vem aumentando e a dependência do idoso no ambiente familiar, por incapacidades funcionais e/ou mentais, é um fator que contribui para a institucionalização. Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade funcional e o déficit cognitivo em idosos institucionalizados de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, e identificar fatores relacionados a essas condições. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico seccional com 154 indivíduos de 60 ou mais anos de idade, residentes em três ILPI da cidade. Os dados do estudo foram coletados através de entrevista com os idosos e complementados, por informações de prontuários e da equipe técnica e administrativa das instituições. Foi utilizado um instrumento de coleta de dados, contemplando variáveis como características sócio-demográficas e de apoio social, tempo de institucionalização e relativas à saúde. Realizou-se análise descritiva através de distribuições de freqüência e de medidas de tendência central e dispersão. Estimou-se a prevalência de dependência em Atividades da Vida Diária (AVD) segundo as variáveis do estudo e as razões de prevalências para análise dos fatores associados. A regressão de Poisson foi empregada na análise multivariada. Análise similar foi realizada para a dependência em Atividades Instrumentais da Vida Diária (AIVD). Considerando o escore do Mini-exame do estado mental (MEEM) como variável de desfecho, foram estimadas as prevalências de déficit cognitivo e respectivas razões de prevalências para verificar possíveis associações. (...) A prevalência de dependência em AVD foi de 44,0 por cento. A condição de dependência apresentou associação com todas as variáveis examinadas. No modelo multivariado, ausência de contato com familiares e saúde auto-referida de regular a muito ruim se mostraram associados à dependência e aumentaram em quase duas vezes a probabilidade de apresentar essa condição. A prevalência de dependência em AIVD foi de 88,7 por cento. Sexo feminino, ausência de contato familiar e déficit cognitivo no MEEM estiveram associados à dependência. Presença de déficit cognitivo, ausência de contato familiar e sexo feminino permaneceram no modelo multivariado e aumentaram cerca de uma vez e meia a probabilidade de apresentar essa condição. Entre os idosos avaliados pelo MEEM (102), a prevalência de déficit cognitivo foi de 23,8 por ento, tomando como base o percentil 25 da distribuição dos escores da amostra. Foi observada associação do e déficit cognitivo com escolaridade (analfabetos RP=3,39) e tempo de permanência na instituição (mais de 5 anos RP=2,32). Sexo, idade e estado conjugal também se mostraram associadas a essa condição. Conclusão: Neste estudo foi observado que a maioria dos idosos institucionalizados apresentava envelhecimento mal sucedido, caracterizado por comorbidades e dependência para realizar as atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária, além de déficit cognitivo. Há necessidade de realização de estudos longitudinais que avaliem fatores de risco para dependência, durante o envelhecimento, de modo a facilitar o planejamento de estratégias de promoção de saúde e de prevenção das incapacidades. As ações a serem planejadas devem visar à garantia da independência e maior qualidade de vida do idoso. Considerando ser essa uma população bastante diferenciada, com características de baixa escolaridade, alta prevalência de incapacidade e escassa rede de apoio social, existe também necessidade de outras investigações para estabelecer o ponto de corte mais adequado do MEEM para a triagem de déficit cognitivo nesse grupo. / Introduction: The fast growth of the Brazilian aging population has resulted in an increased number of elders and in a higher prevalence of chronic diseases. In order to provide a better quality of life for this population, there is need of preventive measures to reduce the effects of these diseases. In Brazil, the demand for senior citizen homes is increasing. The dependency of the older individuals on the family environment, due to functional and/or mental disability is a contributing factor to institutionalization. Objective: To evaluate functional ability and cognitive impairment in elderly institutionalized subjects from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, and identify factors related to these conditions. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiologic study with 154 patients over 60 years of age, residents of three senior citizen homes in the city. Study data was collected through interviews with the elderly and complemented by information from medical records and from the technical and administrative team of the institutions. The data collection instrument included socio-demographic and social support variables, length of institutionalization and variables related to health. A descriptive analysis was performed using frequency distributions and measures of central tendency and dispersion. The prevalence of dependence in Activities of Daily Life (ADL) according to the study variables and the prevalence ratios were estimate for analysis of associated factors. Poisson regression was used for multivariate analysis. Similar analyses were performed for dependency in Instrumental Activities of Daily Life (IADL). Considering the Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score as an outcome variable, we estimated the prevalence of cognitive impairment and prevalence ratios to assess possible associations with the other variables. Results: The mean age was 77.08 years (SD 9.2), with a median of 77 years and mean duration of institutionalization corresponding to 4.2 years (SD 6.5) and a median of 1.9 years. Most subjects were older than 70 years, 61% were male and single, having less than the 4th grade of school. The presence of morbidity was reported by 55.8% of the elderly and the use of up to two medicines a day for 63.6%. The most frequently reported morbidities were joint and eye problems with prevalence above 30%. The prevalence of dependence in ADL was 44.0%. The condition of dependency was associated with all the independent variables examined. In the multivariate model, having no contact with relatives and regular to very poor self-rated health were associated with dependence and increased almost two times the probability of having this condition. The prevalence of dependence in IADL was 88.7%. Being female, not having contact with relatives and cognitive impairment on the MMSE were associated with dependence. These variables remained in the multivariate model and increased one and a half times the probability of having this condition. Among the elderly assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (102), the presence of cognitive impairment was detected in 23.8% (24), based on the 25th percentile of the score distribution of the sample. Cognitive impairment was associated with educational level (illiterate PR = 3.39) and length of stay in the institution (more than 5 years PR = 2.32). Gender, age and marital status were also associated with this condition. Conclusion: In this study it was observed that most of the institutionalized elderly had unsuccessful aging, characterized by comorbidities, dependence to perform basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and cognitive impairment. There is need for longitudinal studies that assess risk factors for dependence in aging people, in order to enable the planning of strategies for health promotion and prevention of disabilities. The actions to be planned should aim to ensure the independence and improved quality of life of the elderly. Considering that this old population is quite different, with characteristics of low education, high prevalence of disability and poor social support, there is also need for further investigations to establish the most appropriate cutoff point for MMSE when screening for cognitive impairment in this group.

Dans le milieu clinique des soins intensifs, l’induction du coma médicamenteux (i.e. iatrogénique) par les sédatifs et les analgésiques est souvent associée à une augmentation significative du délirium. De plus, l’utilisation de sédatifs et d’analgésiques comme le fentanyl et le midazolam sans interruption et sans ajustement aux besoins du patient augmentent la durée de séjour, les coûts et la mortalité. Le but de cette étude était d’explorer les facteurs de variabilité pouvant influencer la survenue du coma iatrogénique et du délirium tel que : les facteurs génétiques/sociodémographiques et la co-administration de médicaments substrats ou inhibiteurs de CYP3A4/3A5 ou de la glycoproteine P. L’étude prospective à visée observationnelle a été effectuée à l’unité de soins intensifs de l’hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont avec 53 patients perfusés avec fentanyl ou midazolam. La faisabilité du modèle pharmacocinétique du fentanyl a été mise en évidence à partir des échantillons sanguins des patients et était compatible avec les données cliniques. Cette étude montre donc que contrairement au profil génomique de CYP3A5 (p value = 0,521) et MDR1 (p value = 0,828), les effets des interactions médicamenteuses entre les inhibiteurs CYP3A4/CYP3A5 et fentanyl/midazolam représentent un facteur de risque pour le coma iatrogénique (p value = 0,014). Ces effets peuvent être facilement identifiés et sont prévisibles; résultats qui seront utiles aux praticiens – intensivistes dans le choix d’une thérapie pharmacologique appropriée pour prévenir les complications morbides comme le coma iatrogénique et le délirium. / When sedatives such as midazolam or opiate analgesics such as fentanyl administered to critically ill patients and medication-induced coma occurs, increased delirium is observed. In addition, there is an increase in the length of stay in ICU, in costs and mortality. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors of variability affecting the incidence of iatrogenic coma and delirium: genetics/socio demographics factors, co-administration of substrates/inhibitors of CYP3A4/3A5 or P-gp. We performed a prospective cohort observational study of 53 hospitalized patients treated with fentanyl or/and midazolam in the intensive care unit of the Maisonneuve-Rosemont hospital The feasibility of pharmacokinetics modeling using blood samples from critically ill patients was demonstrated and was compatible with clinical data. This study suggests that contrary to genomic variants in the CYP3A5 (p value = 0,521) and MDR1 (p value = 0,828) genes, the effect of drugs and drugs interactions between inhibitors of CYP3A4/3A5 and fentanyl/ midazolam constitutes the main risk factor for iatrogenic coma (p value - 0,014). These effects are easily identifiable and predictable, and are very important for intensive care workers to make the appropriate choice of medication in order to prevent morbid complications such as iatrogenic coma and delirium.