The majority of households in the hill regions of Nepal are net consumers of their agricultural produce. The harsh geographical topography, low landholdings and uncertain weather make households in the hills more susceptible to food insecurity. This research examines the role of small millets in achieving food and livelihood security for the people of Dhikur Pokhari VDC in Nepal. As a project based on qualitative research, data was collected through semi-structured interviews, observations and focus group discussions. In addition, market and value chain analysis for small millets was conducted. The findings show that small millets have a significant role in ensuring food security, particularly for the marginalized households. The findings also show that, through their exchange properties, small millets contributed towards generating household livelihoods. Further, findings revealed the existing formal and informal markets for small millets and showed a direct correlation between small millets-based market, and food and livelihood security for the people of Dhikur Pokhari VDC.

Background: The aim of palliative care is to keep the quality of life by integrating a person-centered care at the end of life. Palliative care and hospice care do not focus only on symptoms and medication. Self-esteem, dignity and support were major components for the patient at the end of life. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how palliative care is given at a hospice in a developing country. Method: The used method was a qualitative participant observation study. The participants were health care staff at a hospice, they were chosen before the study began. The observation took place three times per week for six weeks. The researcher intertwined volunteering and observing at the same time. The data was analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. Result: The study resulted in six categories: environment, nursing records, nursing care, infection control and meals. Conclusion: The conclusion was that nature and safety had a big impact on the environment. The health care staff worked as a team to fulfill their goals. / Bakgrund: Syftet med palliativ vård är att hålla välbefinnandet genom att integrera en personcentrerad vård i livets slutskede. Palliativ vård och hospicevård fokuserar inte bara på symptom och medicinering. Självkänsla, värdighet och stöd är viktiga komponenter för patienten i livets slutskede. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva hur palliativ vård ges på ett hospice i ett utvecklingsland. Metod: Den använda metoden var en kvalitativ deltagande observationsstudie. Deltagarna var vårdpersonal på ett hospice, de valdes innan studien började. Observationen ägde rum tre gånger per vecka i sex veckor. Forskarna sammanflätade volontärarbetet och observationen samtidigt. Uppgifterna analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien resulterade i sex kategorier: miljö, omvårdnads register, omvårdnad, infektionskontroll och måltider. Slutsats: Slutsatsen var att natur och säkerhet hade stor inverkan på miljön. Vårdpersonalen arbetade som ett team för att uppfylla sina mål.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This thesis presents research on the emergence of sub-structure and sub-district pharmacists in Cape Town by considering their roles and related competencies, and the support required to establish them in these new positions. The research was carried out in partnership with Metro District Health Services (MDHS) and City Health. Both organisations provide services across the whole of the Cape Metro. The research took place as MDHS was dividing the Cape Town Metro District into four sub-structures, and the research is embedded in these unfolding developments. The four sub-structures were created to be closer in size to WHO health districts than the unmanageably large Metro District. Consequently, sub-structures and sub-structure pharmacists in this study should be considered equivalent to districts and district pharmacists in other settings. I used a participatory action research (PAR) approach to partner with pharmacists and managers in both organisations between 2008 and 2011. The partnership benefitted from the contextual and practice experiences of the health services stakeholders and my evolving research expertise. Including a broad stakeholder group was considered important for developing the shared learning and understanding that would translate into action and changen in the organisations. The flexible and emergent approach of PAR was considered suited to a complex health system in the midst of change. After an initiation stage, the research evolved into a series of five iterative cycles of action and reflection, each providing increasing understanding of the roles and related competencies of sub-structure and sub-district pharmacists, and their experiences as they transitioned into these new management positions in the two organisations. The research centered around two series of three interactive workshops I facilitated, attended by both pharmacists and managers, in which I contributed information from published literature and documentary reviews to the collaborative processes. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted at various stages during the research, to inform conceptualization and supplement workshops, and later on, during years three and four, to reflect on the experiences of substructure and sub-district pharmacists. The research identified five main roles each for sub-structure and sub-district pharmacists. Four of these roles are the same for each: Sub-structure (sub-district) management Planning, co-ordination and monitoring of pharmaceuticals, human resources, budget, infrastructure Information and advice Quality assurance and clinical governance But their fifth roles are different: Research, for sub-structure pharmacists. Dispensing at clinics for sub-district pharmacists. But although they look similar, there were substantial differences between sub-structure and sub-district pharmacist roles in the two organisations. Their roles were shaped by the differences in leadership and governance, as well as by the services provided by the two organisations. Sub-structure pharmacists were generally involved in strategic level management functions whilst sub-district pharmacists combined sub-district management activities with dispensing in clinics. Essentially the two cadres were working at different management and leadership levels, with sub-structure pharmacists working at middle management level and sub-district pharmacists straddling first level and middle management levels. Five competency clusters were identified for both cadres, each with several competencies. Professional pharmacy practice Health system/public health Management Leadership Personal, interpersonal and cognitive Whilst professional pharmacy practice competencies were particularly valued by substructure and sub-district managers, overall, sub-structure and sub-district pharmacists required generic management and leadership competencies. Along with the more technical management and leadership competencies, both organisations recognised the importance of viii „softer‟ competencies for pharmacists moving into these management positions. Again, although the competencies appear similar, there were differences between the roles, so that the different cadres required different competencies within these competency clusters. Transitioning into these new management positions was an emergent process, which entailed pharmacists changing form performing technical and clinical functions associated with professional pharmacy practice to co-ordinating pharmaceutical services across the substructure or sub-district. They moved from working in a pharmacy to being a member of a multi-professional team in a sub-structure or sub-district. Adjusting to these new management positions took time and was facilitated by several personal and organisational factors which varied in the two organisations. Managers and pharmacists mentioned the positive contribution of the PAR in assisting with this transition through the development of shared understanding of the DHS and the roles and functions of pharmacists working in these management positions. The research assisted with practical aspects including the development of new job descriptions. Several implications for developing competencies in sub-structure and sub-district pharmacists emerged during the research. Firstly, although competency frameworks for substructure and sub-district pharmacists are useful for selecting new staff, conducting performance appraisals and identifying learning needs, they need to be tailored for each setting. Secondly, a mixture of traditional training options, including academic qualifications and short courses, as well as innovative on-the-job support such as mentoring and coaching are required to support sub-structure and sub-district pharmacists, and other similar cadres in these positions.

Since the 1980s, public sector entities have been exposed to accounting reforms under an umbrella of New Public Management (NPM). The main purpose of adoption of accounting reforms is to increase efficiency in decision-making by producing useful accounting information. However, it is argued that the adoption of accounting reforms by public sector entities in developing countries is attributed to the seeking of financial legitimacy, rather than increasing organisational efficiency (Mzenzi, 2013; Mkasiwa, 2011; Adhikari and Mellemvik, 2011; Tambulasi, 2007; Sarker, 2006). Therefore, it is the interest of this study to research the use of accounting information by public sector entities in developing countries. This study is based on an interpretative approach and employs an exploratory case study strategy with two cases (LGAs) in order to accomplish four specific objectives. The roles and responsibilities of LGAs and their multiple actors in delivering public services to the citizens, and their roles in budgetary decision-making attributed by the adopted accounting practices, represent the major motivation of this study. Institutional theory and its three branches, which are Old Institutional Economics (OIE), New Institutional Sociology (NIS) and New Institutional Economics (NIE), were used in the process of developing the initial model, and the overall interpretation of findings. The findings of this study revealed three dimensions of instrumental-conceptual use, which included conceptual use, decision relevant, and recommendations use of accounting information in decisions related to estimations and collections of own source revenue. Furthermore, the study’s findings showed that legitimating use was the main dimension of the symbolic use of accounting information in the budget approval, as well as in the decision about estimating and collecting revenue from external sources. It further identified 22 factors influencing the use of accounting information in the budget decision-making processes. The study findings also revealed that instrumental-conceptual use of accounting information increases both an organisation’s budget efficiency as well as its external financial legitimacy. On the other hand, the symbolic use of accounting information decreases the organisation’s budget efficiency and the actual external financial legitimacy but increases the promised external financial legitimacy. This is attributed, mainly, by external institutional pressures that result in decoupling behavior in the use of accounting information in budgetary decision-making processes. In addition, the findings revealed that budget efficiency and acquired financial legitimacy are interdependent. This means that the high financial legitimacy acquired can indicate high budget efficiency in the situation the instrumental-conceptual use exists than the symbolic legitimating use of accounting information. The study proposes a model of the determinants of the use of accounting information in budget decision-making processes for budget efficiency and external financial legitimacy. It informs reformers, practitioners, policy-makers and researchers about the necessary measures to undertake to make sure that NPM reforms, especially accounting reforms, enhance both efficiency and financial legitimacy in the public sector organisations through the use of accounting information.

Aim: The aim of this thesis is to evaluate patients’ satisfaction with prosthetic device and service on lower limb amputations in Danang, Vietnam and to implement comparisons between the subgroups gender, living area, amputation cause and level. Method: A cross-sectional study design was conducted using the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology (QUEST) 2.0 questionnaire to measure patients’ satisfaction. Fifty patients were recruited through the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the data collection was performed in the patients own homes with an interpreter. The collected data was statistically analyzed with suitable tests using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Result: The patients were quite satisfied with their prosthetic devices (mean 4.16 SD ± 0.561) and more or less satisfied with their given services (mean 2.83 SD ± 1.213). Significant differences were found between genders regarding the patients’ satisfaction with prosthetic device. There were no significant differences between the remaining subgroups; living area, amputation cause and amputation level. Conclusion: This thesis demonstrates that the patients in Danang appear to be quite satisfied with their prosthetic device, even though they reported problems with the durability of the device. Furthermore, the patients were more or less satisfied with their prosthetic services. The findings in this thesis also reveals that women were less satisfied compared to men regarding the prosthetic device. These conclusions should however be taken with caution, since the reliability and validity was lower than desired and it’s difficult to generalize the results to the population. / Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att evaluera patienters nöjdhet med deras utgivna protes och service på nedre extremitetsamputerade i Danang, Vietnam och att implementera jämförelser mellan subgrupperna kön, bostadsområde, amputations- orsak och nivå. Metod: En cross-sectional studiedesign blev utförd genom användning av Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology (QUEST) 2.0 enkäten för att mäta patienters nöjdhet. Femtio patienter blev rekryterade genom International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) och datainsamlingen blev utförd i patienternas egna hushåll med en tolk. Den insamlade datan blev statistiskt analyserad med lämpliga tester genom användning av Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Resultat: Patienterna var ganska nöjda med deras utgivna proteser (medelvärde 4,16 SD ± 0,561) och mer eller mindre nöjda med deras utgivna service (medelvärde 2,83 SD ± 1,213). Signifikanta skillnader hittades mellan kön gällande patienters nöjdhet med deras utgivna protes. Det fanns inga signifikanta skillnader mellan de resterande subgrupperna; bostadsområde, amputationsorsak och amputationsnivå. Slutsats: Den här studien demonstrerar att patienterna i Danang verkar vara ganska nöjda med deras utgivna proteser, fastän de rapporterade problem med protesens hållbarhet. Dessutom var patienterna mer eller mindre nöjda med deras utgivna service. Fynden i denna studie påvisar också att kvinnorna var mindre nöjda gällande protesen jämfört med männen. Dessa slutsatser skall dock tas med aktsamhet, eftersom reliabiliteten och validiteten blev lägre än önskat och det var svårt att generalisera resultaten till populationen.

Du GATT de 1947 à l’OMC, l’encadrement juridique de l’agriculture demeure un processus difficile et laborieux tant dans ses aspects processuels, normatifs qu’institutionnels. Le cadre décisionnel de l’OMC marqué du sceau du « consensus », peine à instituer un cadre normatif satisfaisant. De plus, la conclusion d’un Accord global sur les politiques agricoles est retardée par des stratégies de blocage ou des coalitions de circonstance lors des négociations multilatérales successives. La question agricole se retrouve donc coincée entre des enjeux nationaux et des logiques d’économie politique que ni le droit positif de l’OMC, ni les processus décisionnels en vigueur à l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce ne parviennent à résorber. Par ailleurs, le processus de démantèlement des barrières tarifaires a laissé place à des politiques nationales de subventionnement massif que les accords sur l’agriculture et celui sur les subventions et mesures compensatoires tentent en vain d’endiguer. Cette thèse jette donc un regard critique sur ce phénomène à travers une réflexion approfondie du statut juridique de l’agriculture en général et du traitement particulier des subventions agricoles. De cette analyse, il ressort que l’impasse de Doha relève d’une triple carence du système de régulation des subventions agricoles. D’abord, une carence du cadre normatif découlant du « péché originel » de l’exception agricole largement décrite dans la première partie de la thèse. Ensuite, et telles que décrites dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, une carence institutionnelle relevant de l’inadaptation de l’architecture de l’OMC, principalement le processus décisionnel face au phénomène du subventionnement agricole et une carence structurelle liée au déroulement des négociations multilatérales. La thèse démontre donc que cette triple carence explique pourquoi il demeure difficile au processus de Doha de déboucher sur des engagements contraignants en terme d’élimination des subventions agricoles et en terme de politiques de développement favorables aux PED et PMA. La thèse démontre aussi que l’impuissance du « système OMC » face aux divergences agricoles animées notamment par les États-Unis, l’UE, le groupe de Cairns et le groupe africain sur le coton découle de cette triple carence. Prospectivement, il s’est donc avéré nécessaire de formuler des alternatives nouvelles reposant sur l’introduction des logiques d’efficacité lors de l’élaboration et de l’application des mesures anti-subvention ainsi que dans les techniques de négociations commerciales multilatérales. / From GATT 1947 to WTO, the legal framework of agriculture remains a difficult and laborious process in its procedural aspects as well as in its normative and institutional ones. The decision framework of the WTO is marked by the seal of "consensus" and hardly allows to establish a satisfactory regulatory framework. A comprehensive agreement on agricultural policy has been postponed by blocking strategies or ad hoc coalitions at the critical times of the successive multilateral negotiations. Therefore, the agricultural question is being smothered by national issues and the logic of political economy which neither positive law of the WTO, nor the decision-making processes in force at the World Trade Organization have been able to resorb. The process of dismantling trade barriers has given way to national policies of massive subsidizing that the agreements on Agriculture and on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures have tried to stem in vain. This thesis reviews this phenomenon with a critical eye through an extensive consideration of the legal status of agriculture in general and the special treatment of agricultural subsidies. This analysis shows that the dead-end situation in the Doha negotiations result from a triple deficiency of the regulatory system on agricultural subsidies: (1) a deficiency of the regulatory framework resulting from the "original sin" of the agricultural exception, (2) an institutional deficiency coming from the inadequacy of the architecture of the WTO, mainly the decision-making process in relation to the phenomenon of agricultural subsidies and (3) a structural deficiency related to the conduct of the multilateral negotiations. This thesis demonstrates that these three deficiencies explain why it remains difficult for the process of Doha to bring binding commitments on the elimination of agricultural subsidies and development policies which would favour of developing countries and LDCs. The thesis also reveals that the inability of the "WTO system" to cope with diverging views over agriculture mainly livened up by the United States, the EU, the Cairns Group and the African Group on cotton results from those three deficiencies. A prospective analysis leads to the formulation of new alternative solutions based on the introduction of logics of efficiency in the elaboration and application of anti subsidy measures altogether with multilateral trade negotiation techniques.

Unrest has been going on in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo for several years. People live in refugee camps or temporary shelters, and children do not attend school for several years. Now it seems that the situation is calming down, so there could be an opportunity for change. The aim of the work is to design a school for Buleosa village in a cooperation with the local ranger Alain Hamisi Mitondo, with whom I have been communicated during the course. The school project is supported by Buleosa‘s management and locals. Everyone in the community should be involved in the construction, because above all they should benefit from the school. I know that it is not possible to build a European-type building here, but rather to combine knowledge of these two worlds with the use of local materials. The simplicity of such a project is fundamental, because it will involve more different people, even without the slightest experience.

Aim: The aim of this thesis was to map specific musculoskeletal impairments experienced by adults with physical disabilities at the Piña Palmera rehabilitation center in Mexico and to categorize them according to the ICF. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted through observations and a survey based on predefined questions. The questions covered the individuals’ level of independence, pain, earlier treatment and biggest obstacle in daily life. The participants were observed when they received physical therapy or in their daily work at the center. The results from the survey and observations were later coded according to ICF. The participants were categorized and divided into groups depending on severity of their impairment: mild, moderate and severe. Results: This study includes 17 participants, nine women and eight men. The age of the participants ranged from 22 to 87 years (median: 44). The result shows an overview of the most common impairments that individuals’ who are visiting the center are affected by. The result also shows all the codes for each individual on the ICF-components. Conclusion: The group with severe loss of function had higher level of problem on the investigated components of ICF. Assistive device that should be prioritized is AFO. / Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga de specifika muskuloskelettära funktionsnedsättningarna hos vuxna människor med fysiska funktionshinder på Piña Palmera rehabiliteringscenter i Mexico samt att kategorisera dessa enligt International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Metod: Denna tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes genom observationer och ett förberett frågeformulär. Frågeformuläret innehöll frågor som rörde individens självständighetsförmåga, smärta, tidigare behandlingar samt deltagarens självupplevda största hinder i vardagen. Deltagarna observerades under besök hos fysioterapeuten eller i deras vardagliga arbete på centret. Resultatet från intervjun och undersökningarna kodades enligt ICF och deltagarna delades in i grupper beroende på grad av funktionsnedsättning, mild, medel eller svår. Resultat: Denna studie inkluderar 17 deltagare, nio kvinnor och åtta män. Deltagarnas ålder är mellan 22 och 87 år (median: 44 år). Resultatet ger en överblick på de vanligaste funktionshindren hos individer som besöker centret. Resultatet visar också kodningen för varje individ för fyra olika komponenter inom ICF. Slutsats: Gruppen med svår funktionsnedsättning hade högre problemgrad på alla ICF-komponenter, vilket var väntat. De assisterande hjälpmedlen som bör prioriteras för centret är AFO.

The matter of sustainable thinking today permeates the Western world and is now widely agreed to recognize three aspects; environmental, economic and social sustainability. Due to limitations of resources and knowledge, this concept is considerably less widespread in developing countries. Many sustainable ventures in developing countries aim to unite the three aspects and solve the pressing issue of unsustainable development, but evaluating these projects has proven to be a challenging task and tools for systematic analysis are missing. Furthermore, current frameworks lack in guidance on what tools to use for the assessment of the three sustainability aspects. This research aims to investigate how established models can be applied and what obstacles that occur when evaluating a sustainable venture in a developing country. To do this, a case study is performed on Zanzibar, Tanzania where the Swedish waste management company Zanrec is considering pursuing a sustainable venture of starting up a biodiesel production from used cooking oil. This research therefore also provides Zanrec with an evaluation of the project’s alignment with the sustainability concept. To reach the purpose of this study, two established models for evaluation are chosen; LCA for the environmental aspect and the payback method as capital budgeting tool for the economic aspect. No established evaluation tool is used for the social aspect; instead the social implications of the project are analyzed in a discussion. It is found that the applicability of the chosen tools for evaluating the biodiesel production project is highly affected by the contextual setting of a developing country. The major finding is that these tools have varying flexibility in adapting to the main challenge, which is the lack of documentation and available data. LCA is found to be a complicated and rigid tool to use if fully abiding by its associated ISO standards. Without an existing LCA knowledge base and any guidelines on how to manage missing data, the LCA tool is deemed to not reach its full potential in a developing country at this stage. The payback method is proven to be a more flexible tool that to a higher degree can be adapted to fit the setting and the requirements of the commissioner. The project’s impact areas related to the social aspect are found to be few, but to evaluate the extent of these, further research is required. / Hållbart företagande genomsyrar idag västvärlden och det är nu allmänt vedertaget att konceptet täcker in tre aspekter; miljömässig, ekonomisk och social hållbarhet. På grund av begränsningar i resurser och kunskap är hållbarhetskonceptet långt ifrån lika utbrett i utvecklingsländer. Hållbarhetsprojekt i utvecklingsländer syftar till att förena de tre aspekterna och lösa den rådande frågan om ohållbar utveckling, men det har visat sig vara en utmaning att utvärdera dessa projekt och det saknas verktyg för systematisk analys. Vidare saknar existerande modeller riktlinjer om vilka verktyg som bör användas i utvärderingen av de tre hållbarhetsaspekterna. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur etablerade utvärderingsverktyg kan tillämpas för att utvärdera ett hållbarhetsprojekt i ett utvecklingsland samt vilka hinder som detta innefattar. En fallstudie har därför utförts på Zanzibar i Tanzania, där det svenska  avfallshanteringsföretaget Zanrec överväger att genomföra ett hållbarhetsprojekt som ämnar att upprätta produktion av biodiesel från använd matolja. Därigenom syftar denna undersökning även till att förse Zanrec med en utvärdering av projektet med avseende på de de tre hållbarhetsaspekterna. I denna studie används två etablerade modeller; LCA för miljöaspekten och payback-metoden som investeringskalkylsmodell för den ekonomiska aspekten. Inget etablerat utvärderingsverktyg används för den sociala aspekten vars påverkan av projektet istället analyseras i en diskussion. Det har visat sig att tillämpbarheten av de valda verktygen för utvärdering av  biodieselprojektet i hög grad påverkas av de kontextuella förutsättningarna i ett utvecklingsland. Den viktigaste slutsatsen är att dessa verktyg har varierande flexibilitet i att anpassa sig till bristen på dokumentation och tillgänglig data, vilket är den största svårigheten. LCA har bedömts vara ett komplicerat verktyg med fasta ramar vid användning i enlighet med dess ISO-standarder. Utan en befintlig kunskapsbas kring LCA och riktlinjer för hur man ska hantera avsaknad av data, anses LCA-verktyget i dagsläget inte nå sin fulla potential i ett utvecklingsland. Paybackmetoden har visat sig vara ett mer flexibelt verktyg som i högre grad kan anpassas efter rådande förutsättningar och kraven hos uppdragsgivaren. Endast ett fåtal inverkansområden med anknytning till den sociala aspekten har identifierats som påverkade av detta projekt, men för att utvärdera omfattningen av dess påverkan behövs vidare studier.

As the building and construction industry contributes considerably to global warming there isa need to increase sustainable building, especially in developing countries where the conceptis often overlooked. Even though there is a need to implement more sustainable alternatives,research shows that it comes with many challenges. The aim for this study is therefore toanalyze the barriers and motivational drivers when implementing sustainable building inGhana. Chan et al. (2018) have previously conducted a categorization of the barriers forsustainable building through a quantitative study. This categorization was used as a guidingtool in this qualitative study, which was done through a Minor Field Study (MFS). Hence,eleven interviews with green champions were held on-site in Ghana. Further, to understand themotivation of the interviewees better, self-determination theory (SDT) was used to analyze thedata. The theory divides motivation into two different levels, extrinsic and intrinsic. The formeris a more controlled form of motivation, while the latter is more autonomous. The findingsshow that the most critical barriers were lack of professional knowledge and expertise, lack ofawareness of sustainable building and its benefits, together with higher costs. Despite thesebarriers, the green champions are still highly motivated. While intrinsic motivation is dominantamongst the green champions interviewed for this study, there is still a level of extrinsicmotivation at play. When comparing the barriers to the motivational factors one suggestion isfor the private and public sector to invest in demonstration projects. This would fulfill the greenchampions’ motivation to create their own identity for African architecture combined with anincreased awareness for sustainable building. This paper contributes with a unique andcomprehensive look at sustainable building in Ghana. Additionally, the study's theoreticalframework is not often used in the field of construction management, making this a valuablecontribution as the paper can be beneficial to leaders or managers in the construction industry. / Bygg- och anläggningsindustrin bidrar avsevärt till den globala uppvärmningen vilket harskapat ett behov av att öka hållbart byggande, särskilt i låg- eller medelinkomstländer därkonceptet ofta förbises. Även om det finns ett behov av att implementera mer hållbara alternativvisar forskning att det kommer med många utmaningar. Syftet med denna studie är därför attanalysera barriärerna och drivkrafterna vid implementering av hållbart byggande i Ghana.Chan et al. (2018) har tidigare kategoriserat barriärerna för hållbart byggande genom enkvantitativ studie. Kategorisering har använts som ett vägledande ramverk i denna kvalitativastudie, som gjordes genom en fältstudie. Elva intervjuer genomfördes med aktörer definieradesom “green champions” på plats i Ghana. För att bättre förstå motivationen hos de intervjuade,applicerades självbestämmandeteorin (SBT) vid analysering av data. Teorin delar in motivationi två olika nivåer, extern och intern. Extern motivation är en mer kontrollerad form avmotivation, medan intern är mer autonom. Resultatet visar att de mest kritiska barriärerna ärbrist på professionell kunskap och expertis, bristande medvetenhet om hållbart byggande ochdess fördelar, samt högre kostnader. Trots dessa hinder är de intervjuade aktörerna motiverade.Även om intern motivation är dominerande bland de intervjuade, finns en nivå av externmotivation. Efter jämförelse mellan barriärerna och motivationsfaktorerna är ett förslag att denprivata och offentliga sektorn investerar i demonstrationsprojekt. Detta skulle uppfyllaaktörernas motivation att skapa sin egen identitet för afrikansk arkitektur kombinerat med enökad medvetenhet om hållbart byggande. Den här studien bidrar med ett unikt och heltäckandeperspektiv på hållbart byggande i Ghana. Dessutom är det unikt att använda studiens teoretiskaramverk inom området byggprojektledning, vilket gör detta till ett värdefullt bidrag eftersomuppsatsen kan vara till nytta för ledare eller chefer inom byggbranschen.