In view of the adopted SDGs in 2015 and their focus on domestic resource mobilisation, this diploma thesis attempts to fulfil two main objectives. First, it aims to describe and analyse the current tax system often labelled not only by developing states as unfit for the 21st century's globalized economy. Second, it tries to provide deeper understanding of reasons that lead certain countries not to support the creation of a UN Tax Body, the only platform where all countries could participate in the negotiating of tax harmonization on an equal footing. Three hypotheses based on a neorealist, liberal and functional regime theory are put forward. Using data obtained from interviews conducted with delegates at the UN, it can be concluded that the organisational infrastructure is the power reflection. While the OECD BEPS mechanism is recognised by many as efficient and sufficient, this is possible due to the enabling power relations that exclude more than hundred developing countries from the negotiation of international tax rules. It can thus be concluded that the current OECD mechanism does not address existing policy loopholes that cause losses to developing countries. To match the SDGs' rhetoric with reality, policy-makers should create a more inclusive and universally agreed on standard-setting...

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the range the Czech Republic fulfills the international commitments stipulated by the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. And, if it needed, to find factors which influence fulfilling of the declaration commitments. This is done by analysis of the documents and interviews. The analysis of the data related to the supplied development aid is the core of the thesis. The aid depends on these key principles: ownership, alignment, harmonization, managing for results and mutual accountability. Two projects of the Czech Development Agency between years 2013 and 2015 in Cambodia and the State of Palestine are analyzed in two case studies. The operationalization of the terms and following own methodical framework application to the output data led to a result, whether the international commitments are (not) complied with. The performed research implies that commitments are fulfilled rather insufficiently in the Cambodia case, whereas the commitments in State of Palestine case were fulfilled completely. A new innovative approach was crucial. The projects are directed by Palestinian partner. In Cambodia, the critical principle is the mutual accountability because of the lack of the capacities (mostly in funding) and unsatisfactory management. There is a...

Denna studie undersöker för- och nackdelar med textilier gjorda av bananavfall applicerat inom modebranschen. Studien granskas ur ett miljöperspektiv med ett fokus utifrån mål 12: Hållbarkonsumtion och produktion från de Globala målen. De Globala målen är en del avhandlingsplanen Agenda 2030 som är uppsatt av United Nation Development Program, där det eftersträvas att fram till och med år 2030 ha uppnått en mer hållbar värld. Vidare kommer bananfiberns egenskaper att granskas ur ett teoretiskt perspektiv för att se om detta är ett lämpligt val inom modebranschen. Studien ger också en inblick i hur modebranschen i Sverige förhåller sig till textilt material av bananavfall. Studien utgör en viktig del för att sprida kunskap om bananfiberns för- och nackdelar medmöjligheter att ge bättre förutsättningar till modeindustrin att kunna använda en hållbar fiber. Studiens resultat visar att det finns möjligheter för att detta ska kunna uppnås i framtiden sett ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv, samt utifrån bananfiberns egenskaper. / This thesis examines the advantages and disadvantages regarding textiles made out of bananawaste within the fashion industry. An environmental perspective is applied based on goal 12:Responsible consumption and production from the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).SDGs is a part of the 2030 Agenda set by United Nation Development Programs, which aims tocreate a better world by 2030. Furthermore, the characteristics of the banana fiber and itsadequacy for the fashion industry will be theoretically examined. An aspect regarding thematerial from the fashion industries point of view will also be processed. Only swedishcompanies are included in the thesis.The thesis constitutes an important part for disseminate knowledge regarding the advantages anddisadvantages of the banana fiber. This with an expectation to provide better conditions withinthe fashion industry using a more sustainable fiber. Based on the results of the thesis, theopportunities to achieve this in the future are significant, due to the fact that both an sustainableperspective and the characteristics of the banana fiber shows a positive outcome. Furthermore,the thesis indicates a split result regarding the fashion companies point of view in the matter.

The Sustainable Development Goals SDGs were adopted in 2015. The contribution of FBOs in their achievement is however, not properly recognised owing partly to the historical perception of FBOs as peripheral rather than core development actors. Using the case study of one FBO in Kenya, this study examined the relevance of FBOs’ development work to the SDGs. Using Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and a literature review for data collection, the study found that: FBOs possess a dual identity (faith and development). The faith identity gives them some comparative advantages over secular counterparts in engaging local faith communities; there was a direct link between the FBOs’ work and the SDGs. The case study organisation directly contributed to six of the 17 SDGs; the FBOs’ knowledge on SDGs and their engagement with SDG forums were found to be limited. The study recommends a renewed attention to FBOs work and more studies to increase evidence on the FBOs’ role and impact on SDGs. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the range the Czech Republic fulfills the international commitments stipulated by the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. And, if it needed, to find factors which influence fulfilling of the declaration commitments. This is done by analysis of the documents and interviews. The analysis of the data related to the supplied development aid is the core of the thesis. The aid depends on these key principles: ownership, alignment, harmonization, managing for results and mutual accountability. Two projects of the Czech Development Agency between years 2013 and 2015 in Cambodia and the State of Palestine are analyzed in two case studies. The operationalization of the terms and following own methodical framework application to the output data led to a result, whether the international commitments are (not) complied with. The performed research implies that commitments are fulfilled rather insufficiently in the Cambodia case, whereas the commitments in State of Palestine case were fulfilled completely. A new innovative approach was crucial. The projects are directed by Palestinian partner. In Cambodia, the critical principle is the mutual accountability because of the lack of the capacities (mostly in funding) and unsatisfactory management. There is a...

Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, systematisch Möglichkeiten zur gezielten und qualitativen Entkopplung von Umweltauswirkungen im Rahmen der Verantwortungsaussage des SDG 12 in Bezug auf einzelne Stoffströme zu identifizieren. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein Schema zur Bewertung der Verantwortung erstellt, das sich auf die Systemgrenzen der Umwelt und die systemischen Produktionsströme einzelner Materialien konzentriert. Einzelne generische Prozesseinheiten wurden identifiziert und Umweltindikatoren, die Planetary Boundaries, ausgewählt. Das entwickelte Schema wurde dann in einer Fallstudie mit dem Beispielmaterial Aluminium auf seine Funktionalität getestet, indem das Material mit den Umweltindikatoren in jeder Prozesseinheit seiner spezifischen Produktionsroute kalibriert wurde. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die entwickelte Bewertung in der Tat eine systematische Identifizierung des Entkopplungsraums innerhalb eines Materialflusses ermöglicht und somit als funktional und übertragbar auf andere Materialflüsse und andere Dimensionen wie die soziale oder wirtschaftliche sowie die Verbrauchsdimension angesehen werden kann.:1 Introduction 2 Context of the Thesis 3 Sustainable Development Theories - The Road to Sustainable Industrial Development 4 Objectives and Structure of the Thesis 5 Development of a Responsibility Assessment Scheme 7 Aluminium as Key Material in our Society 8 The Aluminium Production System 9 Assessment Instructions 10 Case study – Aluminium Life Cycle and Planetary Boundary Matrix Calibration 11 Evaluation, Discussion of Results and Conclusion 12 Bibliography / This thesis aimed to systematically identify opportunities for targeted and qualitative environmental impact decoupling within the responsibility proposition of SDG 12 in relation to single material flows. To do this a responsibility assessment scheme was created that focused on the system boundaries environment and systemic production flows of single materials. Individual generic unit processes were identified and environmental indicators, the Planetary Boundaries, were chosen. The scheme designed was then tested in a case study for its functionality with the example material Aluminium, through calibrating the material with the environmental indicators in each unit process of its specific production route. This showed that the assessment designed indeed allowed for systematic identification of decoupling space within a material flow and can thus be considered as functional and transferrable to other material flows and other dimensions like the social or economic, as well as the consumption dimension.:1 Introduction 2 Context of the Thesis 3 Sustainable Development Theories - The Road to Sustainable Industrial Development 4 Objectives and Structure of the Thesis 5 Development of a Responsibility Assessment Scheme 7 Aluminium as Key Material in our Society 8 The Aluminium Production System 9 Assessment Instructions 10 Case study – Aluminium Life Cycle and Planetary Boundary Matrix Calibration 11 Evaluation, Discussion of Results and Conclusion 12 Bibliography

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Tekniken är ett skolämne i förvandling med en ökade komplexitet i allmänhet och ökat fokus på mångfacetterad hållbar utveckling i synnerhet. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur lärare framhåller att hållbar utveckling integreras i grundskolans teknikämne. Frågor som undersökts är vad lärare uttrycker om vilka arbetsområden som väljs, vilka dimensioner av hållbar utveckling som tenderar belysas och huruvida man använder färdigställda underlag, såsom globala målen eller 200 timmar teknik, i undervisningen. Dessutom framkommer en rad faktorer som lärarna anser verka möjliggörande eller hindrande för integrering av hållbar utveckling inom grundskolans teknikämne. En enkät och intervjuer av semistrukturerade/ostrukturerad typen har genomförts och analyserats med hjälp av innehållsanalys (enkät) respektive tematisk induktiv analys (intervjuer).Undersökningen visar att samtliga lärare som kommit till tals i detta arbete hävdar att de till någon del införlivat hållbar utveckling i sin teknikundervisning. Flera lärare anser dock detta behäftat med svårigheter som har sitt ursprung i exempelvis tidsbrist, brist på kompetens eller ämnets komplexitet. Vanligast är att man införlivar den ekologiska aspekten av hållbarhet, medan ekonomisk respektive social hållbarhet behandlas i mindre omfattning. De ämnesområden som verkar lämpa sig mycket väl för att ta upp hållbar utveckling i teknikämnet är samhällsbyggnadsprojekt, teknikutvecklingsprocesser, livscykelsprojekt samt teknikhistoriska projekt (inklusive hur framtiden ter sig).Nyexaminerade lärare har ofta större fokus på fler aspekter av hållbar utveckling då detta ingått i deras utbildning, medan fortbildningar med fokus på hållbarhet eftersöks för de lärare som inte har denna tradition.Elevernas attityd till undervisning om hållbar utveckling är generellt god och förbättras av att ta upp verkliga projekt med vardagsanknytning samt att arbeta lösningsfokuserat.De lärare som säger sig integrera hållbar utveckling i sin teknikundervisning utgår inte normalt från globala målen utan refererar snarare tillbaka till desamma. Materialet 200 timmar teknik används av några lärare, i vissa fall med ett specifikt fokus på hållbar utveckling. / This study investigates how sustainability is integrated in the school subject technology (teknik) in the Swedish primary and lower secondary school. The research questions examined include what topics teachers convey that they tend to choose, what aspects of sustainable development are of focus and whether specific support materials (such as the sustainable development goals) are used while teaching. In addition, several factors emerge that the teachers consider enable or hinder the ability to integrate sustainable development within the technology subject in the compulsory school. Data was collected using a survey as well as semistructured/unstructured interviews. The data was analysed using content analysis (a survey) and thematic inductive analysis (interviews).All teachers that were surveyed or interviewed state that they integrate sustainable development to some degree in their technology teaching. Several of the teachers, however, described difficulties to do so originating in lack of time or competence but also in the complexity of the topic. Most commonly, the ecological aspect of sustainable development was integrated, while the economic and social aspects of sustainability was less prevalent. Topic areas where it seemed most convenient to integrate sustainability included community building projects, technology development processes, life cycle projects and projects related to historical development of technology (including an outlook to the future).Technology teachers that graduated recently often had a greater focus on several aspects of sustainable development as this had been included as part of their education, while further training with a sustainability focus was sought by those teachers who did not have this background.The pupils usually had a positive attitude to teaching with respect to sustainable development. It was found that the positivity of students toward sustainability could be increased by involving real-life projects originating in the everyday life of the students, as well as using a solution-focused approach.The teachers that say that they integrated sustainable development in their technology teaching usually refer back to the Sustainable Development Goals, rather than using them as the basis for their teaching. The material 200 hours of technology (200 timmar teknik) was used by some teachers, in certain cases combined with a specific focus on sustainable development.

Flooding is a worldwide problem that every year causes substantial damage for the environment and stakeholders nearby, and this impact relates to several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Colombia is specially prone to flooding as 17% of its surface area is at risk of extreme flooding. In addition, there is something called a POT (plan de ordenamiento territorial) for every municipality in Colombia, which states how the territory should be managed. For this project the rivers were of particular interest, and the POT states that no temporary or permanent constructions are allowed within 30 meters on either side of a river. The purpose of this report was to investigate and analyze the possibilities of using UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) -based photogrammetry and UAV-based LiDAR (light detection and ranging) technology to gather sufficient data for a model that could simulate different flooding scenarios in the examined area. Data from the UAV-based photogrammetry resulted in a complete visual overview of the examined area. The data gathered from the UAV-based light detection and ranging resulted in an accurate point cloud that could be processed into a DTM (digital terrain model) where three different flooding scenarios were simulated. The simulations and the visual model showed that majority of people in theexamined area were disobeying the POT and the 30 meter rule, therefore being in risk of flooding and impacting the natural diversity of the body of water. The simulation also showed that stakeholders close to the body of water were affected for each of the three different water level scenarios. In some cases, it was only vegetation and crops that got affected by the flooding scenario, while in other cases entire structures and buildings were damaged due to the increase of water level. To complement the flooding scenarios, interviews were conducted with people that have good knowledge of the area and of ecology, resulting in a stakeholder analysis. This provided an additional depth to the analysis and showed the complexity in the management of flooding in the area.