This thesis is based on a study of the development of education through theinnovative use of process-based assessment in technology-rich learningenvironments in teacher and nurse education. The study of process-basedassessment addresses the aim of creating a better understanding of the shiftin emphasis from teaching to learning with regard to theory and practice.The research questions address the use of process-based assessment, andhow the social relationships and issues of content can be understood intechnology-rich learning environments. A methodological approachinvolving design-based research was found to be especially applicable. Thestudy was designed in three iterative didactical design cycles for processbasedassessment in which the first and third cycles were analysed. Theempirical material comprises qualitative semi-structured interviews withteachers and students and questionnaires with students. The empiricalmaterial was analysed through inductive thematic analysis. The theoreticalanalyses in the comprising articles are mainly based on Bernstein’stheoretical framework for studying social relationships through concepts ofsymbolic power and control. For understanding change, with regard to theshift in emphasis from teaching to learning, the analysis is taken to a metalevelby applying Bernstein’s concept of pedagogical device.The results outline the shift in emphasis from teaching to learning fromboth a theoretical and practice perspective. Theoretically, the shift inemphasis from teaching to learning is based upon a shift in symbolic powerand control for teachers. In practice, the shift of symbolic power and controlbetween the teacher, student and content outline considerable overlapsbetween teacher-student, teacher-content and student-content. The overlapshighlight the empirical contribution in this thesis through the concept of“process” that is understood as a negotiation between teacher-student,teacher-content and student-content. The weakening symbolic powerrelationship made a multi-dimensional analysis of the teacher-studentcontentrelationship possible. Theoretically, the shift of symbolic poweroutlines a process of recontextualisation of a new discourse for teaching,learning and assessment. The multi-dimensional analysis highlights thetheoretical contributions to understanding the concept of discourse fromBernstein’s perspective through which the content and context create thediscourse. For practice, process-based assessment frames the notion ofdesigning for the unknown. Designing for the unknown is considered as aframework based upon a set of rules through which teachers and studentsadapt to a problematising approach in teaching, learning and assessment

Com interesse em captar as especificidades do trabalho docente, esta investigação visa analisar como o professor mobiliza uma série de recursos para instaurar o contexto de ensino e criar as condições de ingresso dos alunos nas atividades escolares propostas. O conjunto e a aplicação desses recursos compõem o gesto profissional nomeado emprego de dispositivos didáticos (SCHNEUWLY, 2009). Para compreender como são construídos esses dispositivos, investigamos as atividades aplicadas em uma turma de alfabetização ao longo de uma sequência didática planejada em torno do gênero textual parlenda, com o intuito de contemplar duas dimensões constitutivas do trabalho docente, a saber: i) sua natureza didática: as tarefas, os objetos de ensino visados e os instrumentos de ensino utilizados (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ 2009); e ii) sua natureza interacional: como são organizados os comportamentos verbais e não verbais de alunos e professora materializados em sequências interacionais. (MEHAN, 1979). A geração dos dados consistiu no acompanhamento de aulas em uma turma de 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública na região metropolitana de São Paulo, por meio de registros em áudio, audiovídeo e caderno de campo durante o primeiro semestre escolar de 2011. Toda a pesquisa foi realizada de maneira colaborativa entre alfabetizadora e pesquisadora, o que possibilitou compor um quadro detalhado do cotidiano escolar, de forma a compreender as regularidades e especificidades do contexto de atuação docente (HORIKAWA, 2008). A descrição dos dados aponta para os modos com que a professora alfabetizadora combina instrumentos de natureza diversa de modo a engajar a maior parte dos alunos na realização de tarefas. Nesse cenário, o texto configura-se como instrumento de trabalho central para o ensino do sistema de escrita alfabética. / Due to the interest of collecting particularities of teaching work, this research intends to analyze how the teacher uses several resources to establish an education environment that enables students to participate in the proposed activities. The set of resources and its application compose the teaching gesture called application of didactical devices (SCHNEUWLY, 2009). To understand how these devices are built, we analyzed the activities given in a classroom during a didactic sequence that was planned about parlenda (nursery rhymes) with the objective to consider two typical dimensions of teachers work: i) didactic nature: tasks, teaching objects targeted and didactical devices applied (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ 2009) and ii) its interactional nature: how verbal and non-verbal behaviors between student and teacher are organized and then materialized in interactional sequences (MEHAN, 1979). The data generated was originated from the observation of a second year Elementary Class of a Public School in São Paulo area. The information was collected through audio, video and notes during the first scholar term in 2011. All the research was made in a collaborative way between researcher and teacher in charge of the class which allowed to depict a detailed description of everyday school life in order to understand the recurring and specific procedures applied by the teacher in charge (HORIKAWA, 2008). All data description points to the ways the teacher combines several kinds of instruments in order to engage the students to perform tasks. In this scenario the text appears as a central instrument of work for the teaching of the alphabetic writing system.

A falta de conhecimento dos sintomas e das variantes da depressão é apontada como um dos fatores responsáveis pela deficiência na identificação e no cuidado do profissional enfermeiro aos pacientes deprimidos. A educação a distância pode ser uma alternativa para acelerar o processo de disseminação desses conhecimentos bem como atingir um grande contingente de profissionais, sendo possível inclusive combinar educação e certificação. A presente pesquisa objetivou elaborar material didático sobre transtornos depressivos para ser utilizado em sistemas de ensino à distância. Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada, motivada essencialmente pela necessidade de resolver um problema concreto e imediato. Perpassa também o campo da pesquisa descritiva, visto que, descreve o processo de elaboração e análise do referido material didático. Este processo constitui-se em 3 momentos: o primeiro momento ocupou-se do levantamento bibliográfico sobre depressão, desenvolvendo e preparando o material didático para a educação à distância. Foi uma tarefa que exigiu cuidados técnicos e pedagógicos; o segundo constou de identificação da opinião dos especialistas sobre o material. Após a leitura e a análise, os especialistas fizeram recomendações e preencheram um questionário analisando o material; o último constou da análise, adequação e apresentação do material didático produzido. Na reformulação e apresentação dos resultados buscou-se abordar os principais aspectos incorporados ao material didático construído. A produção do material didático não é dissociada da teoria pedagógica, estão intimamente ligados. Isso quer dizer que é necessário coordenar as atividades de montagem do material didático sobre transtornos depressivos de educação na Internet, conjugando conhecimentos do conteúdo, da pedagogia, informática, psicologia, comunicação, marketing, entre outros. Esta pesquisa inclui o diagnóstico, o contexto, a conduta de entrada, prioridades, objetivos, conteúdo, recursos, métodos e avaliação e foi estruturada em nove módulos contendo informações gerais e aspectos relativos aos transtornos depressivos, como: história, conceitos, epidemiologia, fatores de risco, classificação, diagnóstico, tratamento, suicídio e os respectivos cuidados de enfermagem. As considerações finais desta pesquisa apontam para algumas reflexões: o principal aspecto a ser considerado em qualquer processo educacional e na elaboração de material didático é a fundamentação pedagógica; deve primeiramente levar em consideração o aluno nas suas especificidades e ser útil no atendimento às necessidades detectadas; ocorreram dificuldades decorrentes da falta de acessoria de uma equipe preparada para trabalhar com educação a distância no que se refere às questões relacionadas à pedagogia, à didática e a tecnologia. Pretende-se que este material didático colabore para atender a necessidade de formação e/ou atualização dos profissionais e acadêmicos de enfermagem e outros profissionais da saúde no atendimento ao portador de transtorno depressivo, à sua família e a comunidade. / Lack of knowledge is indicated as one of the main factors responsible for nursing professionals’ deficient identification and care for depressed patients. Distance education is one alternative for solving educational problems in large countries like Brazil. This study aimed to elaborate and analyze didactical material on depressive disorders for distance education. This applied research was essentially motivated by the need to solve a concrete and immediate problem. The study can also be characterized as descriptive, since it describes the elaboration and analysis process of this didactical material. This process involves 3 moments: in the first phase, a bibliographic survey on depression was realized to develop and prepared the didactical material for distance education. This laborious and extensive task required both technical and pedagogical care; the second phase covered the identification of specialists’ opinions about the material. After their reading and analysis, the specialists made recommendations and filled out a questionnaire to evaluate the material; the last phase covered the analysis, adequation and presentation of the produced didactical material. In reformulating and presenting the results, we attempted to discuss the main aspects that had been incorporated into the constructed material. The production process of a multimedia script is not dichotomized from pedagogical theory; they move along together and not separately. There are no ready formulae. This means that, at the same time, we were responsible for coordinating the editing of the distance education material on depressive disorders, joining knowledge about the contents, pedagogy, informatics, psychology, communication and marketing, among others. The research design included diagnosis and context, access behavior, priorities, objectives, contents, method and evaluation. The material was divided into nine modules with general information and aspects related to depressive disorders, such as: history, concepts, epidemiology, risk factors, classification, diagnosis, treatment, suicide and the respective nursing care. Our final research considerations point out a number of reflections: the main aspect to be considered in any educational process and in the elaboration of didactical material is its pedagogical foundation; first, it should take into account the student’s peculiarities and be useful in attending to the detected needs; difficulties resulted from the lack of accessories for a team that was prepared to work with distance education in terms of pedagogical, didactical and technological questions. We produced this didactical material to collaborate with efforts to satisfy the education and/or updating needs of nursing professionals, nurse academics and other health professionals in care delivery to depressive disorder patients, their family and the community.

Esta dissertação busca refletir sobre o livro didático de Geografia e suas extensões, principalmente sobre as continuidades e transformações em seus formatos e suas relações no ensino-aprendizagem da Geografia escolar. Entrelaçamentos que se tecem junto ao contexto que os estudantes estão imersos, considerando a complexidade digital e tecnológica que a sociedade atualmente oferece. Assim, exige pensar nas possibilidades de aprendizagem enquanto livro didático impresso e recursos digitais. Desta forma, procura-se pontuar os possíveis rasgos metodológicos entre um e outro, percebendo a aprendizagem num fio que pode perpassar ambos. Refletir o livro didático em diferentes formatos conjuga o pensar de que esse, não é neutro e por isso não se resume a um suporte pedagógico sem intencionalidades, a ponto de que, o que ele produz e a forma como é produzido não fosse da sua própria constituição. Toda essa escrita apresenta interrogações e implicações que circulam o ensino da Geografia, na referência do livro didático: problematizações em questões como textos, imagens, hipertextos, novos layouts e designs fazem parte deste percurso de análise de obras didáticas de Geografia. As reflexões parcialmente respingadas em observações empíricas apontam o livro didático na centralidade das práticas de ensino de Geografia nos contextos escolares. Também, a pesquisa traz indicativas de algumas funções do livro didático de Geografia, como reprodutor de conteúdos comuns, tomando como base, parâmetros curriculares nacionais, Programa Nacional do Livro Didático, conceitos e paradigmas tradicionais que, de certo modo, continuam a atender os interesses do mercado. Como cenário para observação, uma prática dirigida com estudantes em uma escola pública, a pesquisa avança para o entendimento de que os sujeitos contemporâneos vivenciam novas formas de ser e estar no mundo, proporcionadas pela utilização das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação. A discussão teórica inclui autores como: Jorge Larrosa, Paula Sibilia, Roger Chartier, Ruy Moreira, Ivaine Maria Tonini, entre outros. Nesse sentido, os novos livros didáticos de Geografia, trazem mudanças nas suas disposições, alicerçadas nas novas tecnologias e nos suportes digitais, que alteram as possibilidades e operacionalidades dos novos leitores. Essa pesquisa contribuirá no que se refere à reflexão do uso do livro didático de Geografia, apontando para um ensino de forma consciente e crítico, que possibilite aprendizagens. / This study reflects about the didactical Geography book and its extensions, mainly about the continuities and transformations in its contexts and its relations in school Geography teaching and learning. Entanglements that are woven to the context which the students are immersed, they consider the digital and technological complexity offered nowadays by the society. Therefore, it is necessary to thing in the learning possibilities as impressed didactic book and digital resources. This way, it is sought to point the possible methodological gaps between one to each other, and to perceive the learning in a line able to run through the both. Reflecting the didactical book in different formats conjugate the thinking that this is not neutral, and for this it does not summarise in a pedagogical support without intentions, that what is produced on it and the way that its produced it is not itself constitution. All this writing presents interrogations and implications around Geography teaching, in reference to didactical book: problematizations in questions as texts, images, hypertexts, new layouts and designs do part of this analyse’s course of Geography didactical work. The reflections, partially, spattered in empiric observations point the didactical book in the practices’ centrality of Geography teaching at school contexts.The research also brings indicatives of some didactic Geography book functions, as an ordinary subjects copier, which uses as its base the national curriculum guidelines, Programa Nacional do Livro Didático, concepts and traditional paradigms which somehow continue serving the market interests. As a scenery to the observation, as a practice leading with students from a public school, the research progresses to the understanding that the contemporary subjects live new ways of being in the world, proposed by the use of new information technologies. The theoretical discussion includes authors as: Jorge Larrosa, Paula Sibilia, Roger Chartier, Ruy Moreira, Ivaine Maria Tonini among others. In this sense, the new didactic Geography books bring changes on their provisions, which are grounded on new technologies, and digital supports, that change the possibilities and operabilities of new readers. This research will contribute with the reflexion of use of didactical Geography book, and it will indicate to a conscious and critical teaching way and enable learnings.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:30:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Terezinha Santana.pdf: 3406029 bytes, checksum: a0f401b4c02d63b3c4edaa087d23a8c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-16 / This research shows the importance of continued education and didactical transposition for teachers who believe in improving the education offered in public school. The research took place in the formative meetings of teachers in the area of science, promoted by the Education Department in Cajamar-São Paulo, and E.M.E.B. Jardim São Luiz , and in the meetings of HTPC and in classrooms with the following participants: science teacher and seven students from sixth grade in 2010. The study aimed to investigate how the studies and meetings carried out in the questioning continued training, appear within the classroom and as a guiding question: Are there didactical transposition of knowledge studied by the teacher in continuing education and in their daily practice work? We find answers from our attendance at training meetings conducted in the Department of Education, and HTPCs in the classroom with the school studied the application of techniques: interviews, questionnaires, observation and photographs. Therefore, from this study confirms the hypothesis that continuing education was a unique space for reflection and discussion that contributed to the passage of scientific knowledge for knowledge to be taught to know and subsequently taught and learned knowledge. It became evident through analysis of data the importance of continuing education as a space that allowed the didactic transposition. It features a survey of the qualitative approach, so we used the types of field researches, documentary and bibliographic research. The discourse analysis of teacher, shows that the continuing education of educators is to improve educational enabler, reflecting on their practice, for an exchange of experiences with peers and participation in planning the content of Sciences that the schools considered important to be worked in elementary schools It was also through the speech of the participants of the research they learned the content covered in class thus leading to a didactic transposition. The research pointed that there is lack of adequate spaces to invest in learning as a research laboratory, library, gardening maintenance, and care of the purchase of new computer for the computer room. Certainly, with these spaces furnished to facilitate the development experience, observation, exploration and care for the environment. Even without these spaces, it became evident from the analysis of speech of students, that there were didactical transposition of the contents studied in continuing education for the scope of the classroom. Finally, this study confirmed that continuous education and didactic transposition are tied intrinsically / A presente pesquisa mostra a relevância da formação continuada e transposição didática para os educadores, que acreditam na melhoria da Educação oferecida na escola pública. A investigação realizou-se nos encontros de formação de educadores da área de Ciências do Ensino Fundamental II, promovidos pela Secretaria de Educação de Cajamar,SP, no distrito de Jordanésia e na E.M.E.B. Jardim São Luiz , no distrito de Polvilho, nos encontros de HTPC e em sala de aula, com os seguintes participantes: o professor de Ciências do Ensino Fundamental II e 07 (sete) alunos da 5ª Série A (6º Ano), em 2010. A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar de que forma os estudos e as problematizações realizadas nos encontros de formação continuada aparecem no âmbito da sala de aula. E como pergunta norteadora: há transposição didática dos conhecimentos cientifícos estudados pelo professor na formação continuada e em sua prática cotidiana de trabalho? Encontramos respostas plausíveis, a partir da nossa frequência nos encontros de formação realizados na Secretaria de Educação, nas HTPCs e na sala de aula da 5ª Série A (6º Ano) da escola pesquisada. Portanto, a partir desse estudo, confirma-se a hipótese de que a formação continuada foi um espaço ímpar de reflexão e discussão, que contribuiu para a transposição didática, isto é, na passagem do saber científico para o saber a ensinar e, sucessivamente, para o saber ensinado e saber aprendido. É uma investigação com características da abordagem qualitativa, por isso utilizou-se das pesquisas de campo, bibliográfica e documental. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, questionário, observação e fotografia. Na análise do discurso do professor, denotou-se que a formação continuada possibilitou ao educador aprimoramento pedagógico, reflexão sobre as suas práticas, momentos de troca de experiências com seus pares e participação na elaboração dos conteúdos de Ciências que a rede considerou indispensáveis serem trabalhados no Ensino Fundamental II. Constatou-se, por meio dos discursos dos alunos participantes da pesquisa, que houve transposição didática, pois eles aprenderam os conteúdos abordados pelo professor em sala de aula. A pesquisa aponta que há falta de espaços adequados para investir na aprendizagem, como: laboratório de pesquisa, biblioteca, manutenção da horta, cuidado com a jardinagem e aquisição de novos computadores para a sala de informática. Certamente, com esses espaços equipados, facilitaria o desenvolvimento de experiência, observação, exploração e o cuidado com o meio ambiente. Mesmo sem esses espaços, evidenciou-se, a partir da análise dos discursos dos sujeitos, que houve transposição didática dos conteúdos estudados na formação continuada para o âmbito da sala de aula. Finalmente, confirmamos, nesse estudo, que formação continuada e transposição didática estão vinculadas intrinsecamente

The study intends to find easily recognizable indicator species for water quality in the constructed wetland of Flemingsbergsviken. The study is relevant since indicator species can be difficult to determine for common people. Easily recognizable indicator species could improve dialogue between the scientific community, administrative authorities and the general public. Such species could be used in education systems, associations or in information campaigns. Therefore, I have chosen to refer to these species as didactical species. Water quality was examined by measuring conductivity, pH and oxygen content in relation to distance from the wetland inlet. The results demonstrate a significant correlation between conductivity and distance. Species occupy different ecological niches and distribution patterns of species in the wetland can be expected to follow changes in abiotic factors, such as water quality. Potential indicator species were investigated by inventorying twelve species of plants and animals. The results show significant linear or curvilinear correlations between one or several water quality factors and the species reedmace, common reed, yellow iris, freshwater woodlouse, twisted ramshorn, damsel- and dragonfly larvae. By carrying out a questionnaire aimed at a group of adults and by talking to a group of children, conclusions could be made regarding indicator species that were easy to recognize and associate to. The results demonstrate that adults found common reed and reedmace most easy to recognize while children found the freshwater woodlouse most interesting. Thus, these indicator species for water quality can be included in the concept didactical species. / Studien syftar till att finna indikatorarter för vattenkvalitet i Flemingsbergsvikens våtmarksanläggning som är lätta att känna igen och associera till. Studien är relevant då indikatorarter kan vara svårbestämda för gemene man. Arter som är lättigenkännbara skulle kunna förbättra dialog mellan forskarsamhället, allmänheten och myndigheter och kan användas i utbildningssyfte inom skolor, föreningar eller i informationskampanjer. Jag har därför valt att kalla arterna för didaktiska arter. Vattenkvalitet undersöktes genom att mäta konduktivitet, pH och syrgashalt i förhållande till avstånd från inlopp. Resultaten visade att det finns ett signifikant samband mellan konduktivitet och avstånd. Eftersom arter upptar olika ekologiska nischer kan artutbredningsmönstret i våtmarken förväntas följa förändringar i abiotiska faktorer, såsom vattenkvalitet. Potentiella indikatorarter undersöktes genom att inventera tolv växt- och djurarter i anläggningen. Resultaten visar signifikanta linjära eller kurvlinjära samband med en eller flera utav vattenkvalitetsfaktorerna och arterna bredkaveldun, vass, gul svärdslilja, sötvattengråsugga, remskivsnäcka samt trollsländelarver. Genom en enkätundersökning för en grupp vuxna samt samtal med en grupp förskolebarn kunde det dras slutsatser om vilka av indikatorarterna för vattenkvalitet som var lättast att känna igen och associera till. Resultaten visar att de vuxna upplevde vass och bredkaveldun som lättast att känna igen medan barnen upplevde att sötvattengråsugga var mest intressant. Dessa indikatorarter för vattenkvalitet kan således inkluderas i begreppet didaktiska arter.

Aukštasis mokslas yra neatsiejama visuomenės kultūros dalis. Poreikis įgyti aukštąjį išsilavinimą, skatina kalbėti apie jo kokybę. Neatsiejamas dalykas nuo aukštojo mokslo kokybės yra dėstytojų – studentų santykiai. Taigi šio darbo objektas yra Lietuvos švietimo sistemos atstovų (studentų ir dėstytojų) santykiai ir jų įtaka aukštojo mokslo kokybei. Tyrimo tikslas - išsiaiškinti studentų - dėstytojų santykiu ypatumus ir jų įtaką aukštojo mokslo kokybei Lietuvos kultūriniame kontekste. Reikėtų tikėtis, jog po nepriklausomybės ir 2003-ųjų gegužės prisijungimo prie Europos Sąjungos, Vakaru Europos įtakos sandūroje formuojasi nauja akademinė kultūra, turint omeny dėstytojų ir studentų elgesį, normas, etiketą, ir jų sąveikos formas. Be to, sovietmečiu vyravusi monologinė paskaitos vedimo forma perauga į intensyvesnį dialogą su studentais paskaitų metu. Todėl įdomu pažiūrėti, ar santykiai tarp dėstytojų ir studentų turi įtakos kokybiškesniam mokymuisi. Todėl, pagrinde remiantis edukologijos atstovo Barnett‘o teorinėmis knygomis, šiame darbe bandoma apibrėžti „aukštojo mokslo kokybės“ sąvoką, bei empirinėje dalyje išryškinti studentų - dėstytojų santykių bendravimo ypatumus Lietuvoje, remiantis studentų ir dėstytojų požiūriais. Antropologija, kaip mokslas, ugdymo mokslų atžvilgiu, gali padėti suprasti žmogaus elgesį edukacinėse situacijose. Antropologai, studijuojantys skirtingas kultūras, bei matantys edukacinius procesus labiau negu formalus mokslas, gali padaryti ypač aktualių ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Higher education is an integral part of public culture. The widespread demand for higher education raises questions about its quality. Of direct consequence to the quality of higher education is the relationship between students and their professors. Thus, the purpose of this research project is to investigate particulars of the student-professor relations and their impact on the quality of education in the Lithuanian cultural context. It is to be expected that after independence and subsequently, after joining the EU in May, 2003, a significantly new classroom culture has emerged - in terms of expectations, teaching styles, and relationships between student and professor, the norms and etiquette, that shapes their interaction. In addition, the prevailing lecture by monologue in the time of Soviet union, took the form of guidance to intensify dialogue with the students during lecture. It is therefore interesting to see whether the relationships between teachers and students have an affect to better quality learning. On the theoretical side, this paper mainly utilizes the work of R. Barnett to define the concept of "quality of higher education", and the empirical part is meant to explore the relationship between students and professors as they manifest themselves in Lithuania, based on the opinions revealed by students and professors. The discipline of anthropology can aid us in understanding human behavior in the educational sphere. Anthropologists, who study different... [to full text]

This study focuses on the identification of didactic guidelines for presenting values education in secondary schools. The studied literature sends a clear message that values education is of cardinal importance in education, teaching and training. In 2000 the National Department of Education of South Africa assembled a task team to identify a set of values in particular relevant to education and training. In the report Manifesto on Values Education and Democracy (DOE, 2001) six core values are singled out as of primary importance to the new dispensation in South Africa: equality, equal rights, tolerance, multilingualism, transparency, accountability, and social responsibility. The Report focuses only on national, political and social values, however. From research performed by Rens (2005), Hattingh (1999) en Bagarette (1995), it is clear that an individual needs to be educated as a holistic being and all life values thus need to be addressed integratively . A literature study was undertaken to clarify the concepts values, value orientation and values education, and also to determine how adolescents experience values education. Consequently, different values education programmes currently implemented in foreign countries were analysed . It was found that the 'Cornerstone-waardes" programme of John Heenan, applied in New Zealand, could reasonably easily be adapted for the South African context. From the discussion of the curriculating process as applicable to values education, didactic guidelines could be formulated for values education in South African schools. To identify the current orientation to values as manifested by learners, teachers and school principals in South Africa, the values questionnaire compiled by Vreken and Rens (2001) for research on the values orientation of university learners, was adapted and completed by the population involved in this study. Principals were subjected to partly-structured interviews to gain their opinions on values education in schools. Interviews on possible guidelines for values education in South Africa were also conducted by e-mail with international experts. Since the primary aim of the study was to determine the values orientation of secondary school learners and to recommend didactic guidelines for values education, the aim was mainly attained by means of the empirical study. Noteworthy is, however, that there is no symmetry between learners' views on important values and those that the Department of Education finds it necessary to be promoted. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

This study focuses on the identification of didactic guidelines for presenting values education in secondary schools. The studied literature sends a clear message that values education is of cardinal importance in education, teaching and training. In 2000 the National Department of Education of South Africa assembled a task team to identify a set of values in particular relevant to education and training. In the report Manifesto on Values Education and Democracy (DOE, 2001) six core values are singled out as of primary importance to the new dispensation in South Africa: equality, equal rights, tolerance, multilingualism, transparency, accountability, and social responsibility. The Report focuses only on national, political and social values, however. From research performed by Rens (2005), Hattingh (1999) en Bagarette (1995), it is clear that an individual needs to be educated as a holistic being and all life values thus need to be addressed integratively . A literature study was undertaken to clarify the concepts values, value orientation and values education, and also to determine how adolescents experience values education. Consequently, different values education programmes currently implemented in foreign countries were analysed . It was found that the 'Cornerstone-waardes" programme of John Heenan, applied in New Zealand, could reasonably easily be adapted for the South African context. From the discussion of the curriculating process as applicable to values education, didactic guidelines could be formulated for values education in South African schools. To identify the current orientation to values as manifested by learners, teachers and school principals in South Africa, the values questionnaire compiled by Vreken and Rens (2001) for research on the values orientation of university learners, was adapted and completed by the population involved in this study. Principals were subjected to partly-structured interviews to gain their opinions on values education in schools. Interviews on possible guidelines for values education in South Africa were also conducted by e-mail with international experts. Since the primary aim of the study was to determine the values orientation of secondary school learners and to recommend didactic guidelines for values education, the aim was mainly attained by means of the empirical study. Noteworthy is, however, that there is no symmetry between learners' views on important values and those that the Department of Education finds it necessary to be promoted. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Este trabalho desenvolve, analisa e valida uma sequência didática para o ensino de Probabilidade no Ensino Médio. As atividades foram aplicadas em uma turma de vinte e cinco alunos do Ensino Médio noturno de uma escola da rede pública estadual. Estas atividades possibilitaram a exploração de conceitos de Probabilidade, nas quais os alunos foram convidados a questionar, conjecturar e criar respostas ou explicações para os problemas propostos. Utiliza-se como referencial teórico, os cenários para investigação de Skovsmose e a resolução de problemas fundamentada em Polya e Pozo. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi o Estudo de Caso. A descrição das atividades foi divida em três etapas, nas quais são apresentadas o planejamento, objetivos, expectativas, descrição das aulas, observações do professor e análise. Realiza-se também a classificação das atividades, momento em que observa-se que estas ocorreram em diferentes Ambientes de Aprendizagem, gerando interesse e participação dos alunos, possibilitando discussões sobre conceitos de probabilidade e permitindo o confronto entre estes conceitos e a intuição dos alunos. Destaca-se também a importância da postura do professor no desenvolvimento das atividades, muito mais como orientador e instigador. O produto desta dissertação é uma sequência didática para o ensino de Probabilidade no Ensino Médio, elaborada e testada, e que pode ser utilizada por outros professores. Este produto encontra-se no apêndice A. / This work develops, analyzes and validates a didactical sequence for the teaching of probability in High School. The activities were applied in a twenty-five students class of a nightshift High School from a state public school. These activities enabled the exploration probability concepts, in which the students were invited to question, conjecture and create answers or explanations for the proposed problems. The Landscapes of Investigation of Skovsmose and the resolution of problems grounded in Polya and Pozo are used as theorical referential. The research methodology used is the study of case. The description of the activities is divided in three steps, in which are presented the planning, goals, expectations, description of the classes, teacher’s observations and analysis. The classification of activities is also conducted, when we observe that these activities happened in different Milieu of Learning, generating students’ interest and participation, making the discussion about probability concepts possible and allowing the confrontation between these concepts and the students’ intuition. The importance of the teacher’s attitude in the development of the activities, more like advisor and instigator, is highlighted. The product of this dissertation is a didactical sequence for the teaching of probability in High School, elaborated and tested, that can be used by other teachers. This product is located on appendix A.