AbstractTitle: Incumbent firms and Response to Disruptive Innovation through Value Network Management - Lessons from Eastman Kodak‟s failure in the digital eraAuthors: Helen Gebremeskel Tesfaye & Thi Hong Nhung NguyenSupervisor: Marie BengtssonBackgroundThe question of why incumbent or established firms get into difficulties when they are faced with disruptive innovations has been extensively researched and discussed by many authors. Many explanations given for such failure seem to take “inside-out” approach by focusing on problems of organizational inertia, complacency, lack of insight and incompetence. On the other hand, Christensen‟s (1997; 2003) explanation takes an “outside-in” approach by focusing on the role of established firms‟ value network, particularly mainstream customers, as a determining factor to what incumbent firms can and cannot do.Purpose(i) Examine comprehensively the impacts of the value network on the incumbent firms when they are challenged by the arrival of disruptive innovations; (ii) Developing a model for the incumbent firms to recognize and manage effectively changes occurring in the value network in the face of disruptive innovations; and (iii) Gain a new insight into Kodak‟s failure in the reign of digital technology from the value network management perspective.DefinitionsDisruptive Innovation: Disruptive innovations in this study are considered as new products based on new technologies and which provide different attributes or product characteristics than what the company‟s mainstream or established customer segments historically value, while at the same time bringing new performance attributes to the market.iiValue Network: Value network is the context or environment within which a firm identifies and responds to customers‟ needs, solves problems, procures input, reacts to competitors and strives for profit.ResultsA Value Network Management model is developed for the incumbent firms to recognize and manage effectively changes occurring in the value network caused by the arrival of disruptive innovations. More specifically, the model aims at helping firms to overcome insight and action inertia and to choose the right partners among various new actors entering the value network. This model is iterative in essence and incorporates steps of searching/scanning, value network analysis and partner selection on the basis of appropriate role selection in the value network.

Man denkt sich in der Zeit der digitalen Revolution die Bibliotheken als besonders betroffen von den technischen und kulturellen Umwälzungen, die das Internet mit sich bringt. Das ist richtig. Schon sind fast alle Kataloge online und damit weltweit auskunftsfähig. Bald sind auch große Teile der Bestände unserer Buchkultur digital erreichbar. Was erwartet uns im Jahr 2020? Lösen sich Bibliotheken in Webseiten auf? Wird alles Wissen, zu dem sie Zugang gewähren, nur noch elektronisch kommuniziert? Wenn wir genau wüssten, worin die Attraktivität von Bibliotheken heute liegt, fiele der Blick in die Zukunft leicht.

O objetivo desta dissertação de Mestrado é propor a análise do impacto das mudanças tecnológicas na relação entre o capital e o trabalho, especificamente na composição orgânica de ambos, a partir da situação do trabalhador bancário evidenciando a precarização de salários e consequente compressão psicossocial dos trabalhadores desta indústria de serviços, buscando um olhar desta História econômica contemporânea que enxergue as questões políticas e sociais do cotidiano no trabalho qualificado na sociedade informatizada. Para esse intento, veremos a formação do sistema bancário brasileiro, acompanharemos a trajetória do maior banco público brasileiro, o Banco do Brasil, conceituaremos o trabalho imaterial problematizando a apropriação do conhecimento da categoria bancária pelos sistemas informáticos que atendem aos bancos. / The objective of this Master\'s thesis is to propose the analysis of the impact of technological changes on the relation between capital and labor, specifically on the organic composition of both, based on the situation of the banking worker - evidencing the precariousness of wages and consequent psychosocial compression of the workers in this service industry, seeking a look at this contemporary economic history that sees the political and social issues of daily life in the skilled work in the computerized society. For this purpose, we will see the formation of the Brazilian banking system, we will follow the trajectory of the greater Brazilian public bank, Banco do Brasil, we will conceptualize immaterial work and will problematize the appropriation of knowledge of the banking category by the computer systems that serve the banks.

Aus der Einleitung: "Die Zweite Digitale oder auch Vierte Industrielle Revolution, Digitale Gesellschaft und Informationsgesellschaft sind Begriffe für den selben Vorgang, nämlich die Verlagerung von höheren Hirnfunktionen auf eine externe künstliche Intelligenz. Im Unterschied zur ersten Digitalen Revolution, die von der Erfindung des Mikroprozessors und dessen Programmierung geprägt war, führen aktuelle rechnergesteuerte Maschinen nicht nur vorgegebene Routinen aus und reagieren auf Signale externer Sensoren, sondern entscheiden autonom auf der Basis eines multisensorischen Inputs. Sie werden damit als sprachgesteuertes Smart Phones oder als kollaborative Roboter (Elkmann 2016) in einer Fertigung zum Partner des Menschen, dem sie sich anpassen. Smart Phone und Roboter erweitern qualitativ und quantitativ die Möglichkeiten eines Menschen und wirken auf den Menschen zurück. ..."

Abstrakt Författare:Karolina Linse & Andréa Elovsson Handledare:Jasmina Beharic Examinator:Hans Wessblad   Titel:  Artificiell intelligens & Musikskapande organisationer   Bakgrund och problemredogörelse:  Digitaliserings utveckling och förändring då artificiell intelligens kan bli en del av den musikskapande processen, och påverka musikskapande organisationer.   Syfte:  Syftet för studien är att kartlägga organisationsförändring inom ämnet musikskapande i relation till ny teknik.Målet blir därmed att visa på vilka sätt en sådan förändring kan påverka och just nu påverkar berörda organisationer   Metod:  Studien har haft ett induktivt ställningstagande och kvalitativa intervjuer har genomförts för att sedan analysa det insamlade empiriska materialet, för att kartlägga mönster av förändring i de musikskapande organisationerna.    Slutsats:  Studien kartlade att artificiell intelligens förändrar musikskapande organisationer som ett nytt musikverktyg för effektivisering.   Nyckelord: Artificiell intelligens, AI, Musikskapande organisationer, Digitala revolutionen, Organisationer, Förändring, Effektivitet / Abstract     Authors:Karolina Linse & Andréa Elovsson Supervisor:Jasmina Beharic  Examiner:Hans Wessblad    Title:  Artificial intelligence & music creating organizations    Background and problem statement:  The development of digitalization and transformation if artificial intelligence will become part of the music creation process and affect music-creating organizations.    Purpose:  The purpose of the study is to map the general change that happened when new technology, in correlation with music creation is integrated in a music creating organization. The goal is to see how the change can affect the music creating organizations.    Method:  The study has had an inductive stance and qualitative interviews have been carried out to then analyze the collected empirical material, to map patterns of change in the music-creating organizations.   Conclusion:  The study mapped out that artificial intelligence changes music-creating organizations as a new music tool for efficiency.   Key words:  Artificiell intelligens, AI, Music-creating organizations, The digital revolution, Organizations, Transformation, Efficiency

Omvandlingar, såsom den digitala revolutionen, IT-utvecklingen och internationell integration i form av t ex EU har utmanat såväl företagande som politik och satt etablerade teorier och modeller om företagande och politik på prov. En longitudinell studie av Televerkets/Telias strategiska utveckling, med speciell inriktning på Televerkets/Telias interorganisatoriska strategier, telepolitikens framväxt samt den allmänna politikens utveckling sedan 1960-talet visar att: Företagande och politik är beroende av varandra även när de strävar mot oberoende. Det finns skillnader mellan hur statligt ägda företag och privatägda företag hanterar förhållandet mellan företagande och politik. Studien identifierar strategiska och politiska faser och analyser hur dessa påverkar förutsättningarna för strategiskt handlande. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.

Tidigare forskning förutspår att redovisningsbranschen inom de kommande 25 åren kommer att stöta på turbulens till följd av den intensiva IT-utveckling som format både samhälle och organisationer. Redovisningsarbetet tros effektiviseras när redovisningen automatiseras och förändringsprocessen beräknas utvecklas i allt snabbare takt de kommande åren. För att inte bli omkörd av sina konkurrenter gäller det att ligga i framkant och kontinuerligt leta efter nya digitala lösningar samt skapa nya automatiserade arbetsprocesser.  Syftet med studien är att förstå och förklara hur automatiseringsprocessen ser ut på redovisningsbyråer idag, hur branschen och dess arbete har förändrats till följd av automatiseringen samt vilka aktuella förändringar redovisningskonsulter står inför. Studien har baserats på empiri grundat i en kvalitativ metod med data från elva semistrukturerade intervjuer på följande byråer; PwC, Ernst & Young, KPMG, Grant Thornton, Accountor samt Wint. Respondenterna består utav fem redovisningskonsulter med varierad erfarenhet samt sex personer med en mer ansvarig roll på byråerna, såsom gruppchef eller manager.  Några av de slutsatser som studien har genererat är att automatiseringen medför att redovisningskonsulter kan fokusera på mer kvalificerade uppgifter när teknik ersätter de monotona arbetsuppgifterna, vilket skapar större värde för kunden. Arbetsbelastningen på redovisningsbyråer tros därmed vara fortsatt hög. Trots de många fördelar och positiva effekter med automatisering har studien visat att utmaningar gällande exempelvis förändringsmotstånd, gammal lagstiftning samt nya konkurrenter bromsar automatiseringsprocessen. Redovisningsbranschen väntas därmed möta stora förändringar vilket denna studie kommer att belysa. / Previous research predicts that the accounting industry in the next 25 years will experience a lot of turbulence as a result of the intensive technological developments. When bookkeeping becomes automated, the work of an accounting consultant presumes to be more effective and the automation process will most likely develop even faster in the following years. In order for the accounting firms not to be overtaken and lose market shares to their rivals, the importance of being aware of, and continuously look for new automated solutions appears to be meaningful. The aim of this study is to understand and explain how the automation process looks like at accounting firms today, how the industry has changed as a result of the technological developments and what current changes the accounting consultants are facing. The study is based on empirical evidence from a qualitative method with data from eleven semi-structured interviews at the following accounting firms; PwC, Ernst & Young, KPMG, Grant Thornton, Accountor and Wint. Our respondents includes five accounting consultants with different experience and six individuals who has a more responsible role at the accounting firms, such as manager. Some of the conclusions that the study has generated is that the technological developments has resulted in the fact that the accounting consultants can put a deeper focus in qualified tasks that creates a greater value for the client, rather than perform the standardized bookkeeping. Furthermore, the workload is presumed to remain at a high level according to the argument above. Despite the many benefits and the positive effects of automation, the study has shown that there are also many challenges when it comes to resistance to transformations, old regulations and new rivals entering the market. The accounting industry is therefore expected to face some major changes which we will highlight throughout the study.

With the invention of writing, the oral tradition which had defined human culture gave way to written tradition. The latter, along with the invention of print five centuries ago, gave birth to the illustrated conception of education that governs to this day. However, the advent of digital media and the virtual world are undermining written tradition and the conception of education we have inherited. It is imperative that we develop a new paradigm and re-imagination of our idea of education. In this brief article we describe “Rizoma Filosofico”, a teaching innovation project, which intends to reflect both practically and theoretically on this crisis within a contemporary philosophy course. / La tradición oral que definía la cultura humana fue transformada con la invención de la escritura y fundó la tradición escribal que, potenciada por la invención de la imprenta hace cinco siglos, dio origen a la concepción ilustrada de la educación que sigue rigiendo en nuestros días. Pero el advenimiento de los medios digitales y el mundo virtual causa una nueva crisis que empieza a subvertir la tradición escribal y el concepto de educación del que somos herederos. Se hacen imperativos un nuevo paradigma y una reconcepción de nuestros criterios en la educación. En este breve artículo, describimos el proyecto de innovación docente “Rizoma filosófico”, con el que se pretende reflexionar de manera práctica al mismo tiempo que teórica sobre esta crisis en un curso de Filosofía Contemporánea.

Orientador: Maria Gabriela Caffarena Celani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T14:27:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Righi_ThalesAugustoFilipini_M.pdf: 12172867 bytes, checksum: 95a936523ecbb4577960d49d6bf62103 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O uso de displays interativos introduz novas possibilidades de participação e interação entre os componentes de uma equipe no processo projetual em arquitetura, em suas diversas fases. O presente estudo se concentra em duas questões. A primeira etapa da pesquisa consistiu em uma revisão da bibliografia sobre a importância do desenho no processo de projeto. Em seguida foi realizado um levantamento das tecnologias disponíveis que permitem produzir esboços manuais diretamente em formato digital. Dentre essas tecnologias, duas foram escolhidas para o desenvolvimento da parte experimental da pesquisa: a lousa interativa e a mesa digitalizadora opaca. A etapa experimental da pesquisa teve inicio com um estudo piloto para avaliar a potencialidade e a interação dos equipamentos com os alunos. Em seguida a metodologia sofreu alterações em função dos resultados preliminares e um novo experimento foi realizado no segundo semestre de 2008, nesse experimento pode-se obter resultados que auxiliaram a descrever benefícios e deficiências do uso de displays interativos no processo de projeto. Espera-se que a pesquisa propicie a inserção de meios digitais no ensino de projeto de arquitetura e reformule a dinâmica atual do atelier de projeto convencional / Abstract: The use of interactive displays introduces new possibilities for participation and interaction between components of a team in the design process of architecture in various stages. The present study started with the identification of the difficulties in sharing information that design teams have to deal with during presential meetings. The study has focused on two issues. The first stage of the research consisted of a review of the literature about the importance of collaboration in the design process. Next, a survey of the available technologies that allow the production of manuals sketches directly in digital format was performed. Among these technologies, two were chosen for the development of an experimental research: an electronic whiteboard and an opaque tablet. The experimental stage of research began with a preliminary study to assess the capabilities of the equipment. The initial methodology was adjusted, according to the preliminary results, and a new experiment was performed in the second semester of 2008. This experiment allowed to obtain results that describe the benefits and shortcomings of the use of interactive displays during the design process. The present research is expected to contribute to the integration of digital media in design education and to help reformulating the dynamics of the architectural design studio / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

L’efficience organisationnelle résulte d’une myriade de microdécisions prises au plus près possible du lieu et du temps d’où émerge la perturbation contextuelle. Le Toyota Production System, au niveau du management, ou l’essor d’Apple Corporation, au niveau des outils pratiques de productivité individuelle, témoignent de cette évolution où la pensée n’est plus séparée de l’action. A preuve, les itinéraires des principaux acteurs de la révolution numérique : les fondateurs de Linux, de Yahoo!, de Wikipédia, d’Amazon.com, de Google ou de Facebook. Ils ne sont pas partis d’une théorie apprise sur les bancs d’une institution scolaire. Procédant par essais et par erreurs, ils n’ont jamais séparé la pensée de l’action. On retrouve ce pragmatisme vertueux en Bavière, Flandre, Ecosse, Euzkadi, Catalogne, Lombardie, Vénétie… Ces régions jouissent du même type d’autonomie – y compris et surtout au niveau culturel - que les Länders allemands ou les cantons helvétiques. La France jacobine a suivi la voie inverse : éradiquer les langues régionales et minoritaires c’est-à-dire les systèmes de signes demeurés au contact sensoriel des choses. Or aujourd’hui, la montée en puissance de la complexité, en saturant la puissance significative du concept, crée les conditions du retour du signe. A l’heure d’Internet, de la transition énergétique et de la nouvelle phase de la mondialisation qui obligent à penser global pour mieux agir local, le retour du signe est inévitable. Il devrait favoriser des modes de production autonome de sens autorisant les organisations et territoires à s’adapter aux mutations d’un contexte devenu imprévisible. / Organizational efficiency is the result of a myriad of micro decisions taken as close as possible from the place and time at which contextual interference emerges. The Toyota Production System, on the management level, and the boom of the Apple Corporation, on the level of the intuitive tools for personal productivity, demonstrate this evolution where thought and action are no more segregated. Proof is the path taken by the main actors of the digital revolution : the founders of Linux, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon.com, Google or Facebook. It did not begin from a classroom theory, but by a trial and error approach that never disconnected the mind from the act.This virtuous pragmatism is also found in Bavaria, Flanders, Scotland, Euskadi, Catalonia, Lombardy, Veneto ... Indeed, these regions have an autonomy - including and particularly at the cultural level - similar to that of the German Länder or the Swiss cantons. On the contrary, Jacobin France followed the opposite path: the eradication of regional and minority languages in which sensory contact with things remained in the sign systems.But today, the rise of complexity, even saturating the significant power of the concept itself, brings the conditions for the return of the sign.