Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la<br />stabilité de petits états stationnaires d'une équation d'évolution<br />non linéaire issue de la mécanique quantique relativiste :<br />l'équation de Dirac non linéaire.<br /><br />Tout le long de notre étude, les équations non linéaires sont vues<br />comme des petites perturbations non linéaires de systèmes linéaires.<br />Une partie de cette thèse est donc consacrée à l'étude de problèmes<br />linéaires. Nous montrons que, pour un opérateur de Dirac n'ayant pas<br />de résonance aux seuils ni de valeur propre aux seuils, le<br />propagateur vérifie des estimations de propagation et de dispersion.<br />Nous en déduisons également des estimations de régularité au sens de<br />Kato et des estimations de Strichartz.<br /><br />En faisant des hypothèses ad hoc sur le spectre discret d'un<br />opérateur de Dirac, nous construisons des petites variétés formées<br />d'états stationnaires. Puis en faisant varier ces hypothèses, nous<br />faisons apparaître des phénomènes de stabilisation et d'instabilité<br />orbitale pour certains de ces états.

Depuis les dernières années, la mission des écoles francophones canadiennes a été redéfinie afin de répondre aux besoins de notre société. Les écoles minoritaires franco-canadiennes sont isolées dans leur rôle de promotion du français et de construction identitaire. Il devient essentiel d’avoir des leaders efficaces dans nos écoles qui encouragent la promotion de la langue et de la culture. Certaines études exposent que les TIC peuvent contribuer à sauvegarder des langues et des cultures fragilisées. Parmi les rares dispositifs trouvés pour appuyer les directions d’école dans leurs tâches, nous avons trouvé la ressource hypermédia VelTIC. Or, aucune étude n’a été menée sur l’évaluation de ce dispositif quant à son potentiel pour aider les directions d’école. Le but de la présente recherche consiste donc à identifier la perception des leaders pédagogiques quant aux pratiques recensées dans la ressource VelTIC , à savoir si elles permettent d’aider ces derniers à assumer un leadership approprié quant à la promotion du français et la construction identitaire dans l’école. Les résultats indiquent que les leaders pédagogiques perçoivent les pratiques recensées dans la ressource VelTIC utiles pour les aider à assumer un leadership éducationnel en milieux linguistiques minoritaires (Lapointe, 2002) et un leadership lié au patrimoine (Godin, Lapointe, Langlois et St-Germain, 2004).

Brandão, Márcia Nogueira. Formação do profissional secretário executivo na UFC: currículo, competência e cidadania. 2010. 226f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-26T15:47:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Tese_MNBrandao.pdf: 858705 bytes, checksum: 9c45d2e6a2905595a3c02cbb8a8f7e7e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-27T11:56:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Tese_MNBrandao.pdf: 858705 bytes, checksum: 9c45d2e6a2905595a3c02cbb8a8f7e7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-27T11:56:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Tese_MNBrandao.pdf: 858705 bytes, checksum: 9c45d2e6a2905595a3c02cbb8a8f7e7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Nowadays, a dynamic motion is in all around. It is required, from people and organizations, efforts that bring alternatives for living together with technological changes: both economic and social ones, in all fields of knowledge, specially in Education. So, people who bring up people need to make an upgrade of their educational practices, over and over thinking about institutions syllabus, in order to promote professionals and society development, in general. The secretary, inserted in this context, deserves special attention, for being somebody of extreme importance at the part, suffered prejudices by doing simple and daily activities, known as being typical of feminine universe. This way, the general aim of this research was to investigate how the secretary’s formation has been developed at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), in relation to transformations lived by the contemporaneous society and if this very formation conducts to the construction of an autonomous person. The specific aims were related to describe what would be the demands, in terms of competence and habilities, showed by that secretary that the global work requires, analyzing the concept this professional has about his own role, his autonomy and his performance today. For giving a support to this study, it was turned to the matters about Syllabus, Autonomy, Citizenship, Professional formation, Competences and Habilities, Syllabus Directions, among other ones. As a methodological proceeding, this research was, concerning on its aims, descriptive and also bibliographic, documental and a field one, making use of interview and a questionnaire too, and accomplishing a deep study about the executive secretary’s formation graduated by UFC, permitting a whole and detailed knowledge about him. Admitted and seniors students, as well as professors and former students, besides companies/organizations directors, in short, everywhere existed the post of executive secretary. It was concluded that the professional formation has been directed to the work market and because of this it is quested the autonomous person arising, being this autonomy very restricted, provided that the decision power occurs in the secretary’s area of actuation and he is not a real participant of the strategic decisions. Competences and habilities are related to activities like to advise, administrate the chronology, being a leader, direct, develop support activities for decisions, but also doing traditional tasks as prepare the boss note book and serve coffee. They staff workers, consider themselves important at the organizations, but show they are afraid of loosing the job. It was proved the necessity of students promote the graduation course spreading as well as the professional secretaries to engage in a movement of strengthen of their syndicate, requiring improvements for their professions as autonomy and the citizenship exercising. / Vive-se em um ambiente dinâmico, exigindo-se das pessoas e das organizações esforços no sentido de que percebam alternativas de convivência com as mudanças tecnológicas, econômicas e sociais, inseridas em todas as áreas do conhecimento, mormente na Educação. Assim, educadores necessitam realizar, constantemente, revisões de suas práticas pedagógicas, repensando o currículo das instituições, para promover o desenvolvimento dos profissionais e da sociedade em geral. O secretário, inserido neste contexto, merece atenção especial, por ser um profissional de extrema importância dentro das organizações, mas que, no passado, sofreu preconceitos por desempenhar atividades simples e rotineiras, conhecidas e tidas como sendo típicas do universo feminino. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi investigar como tem sido desenvolvida a formação do secretário executivo na Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), frente às transformações da sociedade contemporânea, e se a referida formação conduz à construção de um sujeito autônomo. Os objetivos específicos foram descrever quais as demandas, em termos de competências e habilidades do secretário, que o mundo do trabalho requer, analisando a concepção que o profissional tem do seu papel, da sua autonomia e do seu trabalho no mundo contemporâneo. Para dar suporte ao estudo pretendido, recorreu-se aos assuntos sobre Currículo, Autonomia, Cidadania, Formação Profissional, Competências e Habilidades profissionais, Diretrizes Curriculares, entre outros. Como procedimento metodológico, esta pesquisa, quanto aos seus objetivos, é de natureza descritiva e quanto aos procedimentos técnicos adotados para a coleta de dados, bibliográfica, documental e de campo, utilizando-se do questionário e da entrevista; realizou-se ainda estudo profundo acerca da formação do secretário executivo formado pela UFC, de maneira a que permitisse seu amplo e detalhado conhecimento. Os participantes foram os estudantes ingressantes, os concludentes, os professores, os egressos do Curso e os dirigentes de empresas/organizações nas quais houvesse o cargo de secretário executivo. Concluiu-se que a formação profissional tem sido mais direcionada para o mercado de trabalho e, por isso, questiona-se a construção do sujeito autônomo, porque a autonomia é, na verdade, bastante limitada, tendo em vista que o poder de decisão ocorre dentro da área de atuação do secretário, não participando este das decisões estratégicas. As competências e habilidades estão relacionadas com atividades como assessorar, administrar o tempo, liderar, gerir, desenvolver atividades de apoio às decisões, mas ainda são executadas atividades tradicionais: preparar a agenda do chefe e servir cafezinho. Os profissionais cumprem o papel de assessores, consideram-se importantes dentro das organizações, mas demonstram receio de perder o emprego. Constatou-se, ainda, a necessidade de os estudantes promoverem a divulgação do Curso de graduação, bem como de os profissionais secretários se engajarem no fortalecimento do Sindicato da categoria, reivindicando melhorias para o exercício da profissão com autonomia e exercício da cidadania.

This diploma work deals with Judaism and Jewish attitudes and approaches to some selected chapters of bio-ethics. Theoretical part is devoted to Judaism in general and its directions, summarizes literary sources of Judaism, and describes dialogue between Christians and Jews. Next chapters of this diploma work present holidays in Jewish year and their division to several groups, Jewish family, including subchapter dealing with pregnancy and birth of a child and habits related to these events. In the final section at the conclusion of the theoretical part of this diploma work I have made comparison between three world monotheistic religions as a source of medical ethics and outlined attitude of Judaism to abortion and assisted reproduction. Research has been carried out by applying quantitative method and the students of South Bohemian University ? Faculty of Pedagogy, Faculty of Theology and Medical Social faculty in the city of České Budějovice took part in the research. Technique of data collection was based on anonymous questionnaire. Total number of 300 questionnaires was distributed (100 questionnaires for each of the aforementioned faculties).

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-16T17:52:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 camiladefreitasfernandes.pdf: 740367 bytes, checksum: fac5ab7dcb039b31d587151b9a53fab1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T14:25:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 camiladefreitasfernandes.pdf: 740367 bytes, checksum: fac5ab7dcb039b31d587151b9a53fab1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T14:25:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 camiladefreitasfernandes.pdf: 740367 bytes, checksum: fac5ab7dcb039b31d587151b9a53fab1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-08 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho estudamos um algoritmo para solução de problemas de otimização irrestrita com funções não necessariamente convexas ou diferenciáveis, denominado Nonsmooth Feasible Direction Nonconvex Algorithm - NFDNA, e fazemos uma aplicação deste algoritmo que consistiu em utilizá-lo como subrotina de um outro algoritmo chamado Interior Epigraph Direction (IED) method. O IED, desenvolvido para resolver problemas de otimização não convexa, não diferenciável mas com restrições, utiliza Dualidade Lagrangeana que requer a minimização da função Lagrangeana. A eficiência do IED depende fortemente de tal minimização. Como aplicação, substituímos a rotina fminsearch do Matlab, utilizada originalmente pelo IED, pelo NFDNA. Mostramos através da solução de problemas teste que a performance do IED foi mais eficiente com a utilização do NFDNA. / In this work we study an algorithm for solving unsconstrained, not necessarily convex or differentiable optimization problems called Nonsmooth Feasible Direction Nonconvex Algorithm - NFDNA. We also employ this algorithm as a subroutine of the Interior Epigraph Directions (IED) method. The IED method, devised for solving constrained, nonconvex and nonsmooth optimization problems uses Lagrangean Duality which requires the minimization of the Lagrangean function. The effectiveness of the IED depends strongly on the Lagrangean function minimization. As an application, we replace the Matlab routine fminsearch, originally used by IED, with NFDNA. We show through the solution of test problems that the IED performance is more efficient by employing NFDNA.

This study describes the Swedish Government's public management of the Swedish Police Authority. It also illustrates some of the Government's political promises towards the Police Authority. The reason for making this study is the situation of escalating shootings in the society and reports about a crisis in the Police Authority. Therefore is the purpose of the study to find out if there are any changes in the Government's public management of the police during the 2014-2018 term of office in relation to this situation. The method is a review of state budgets, appropriation directions, regulations, government bills and other acts which are compared with theories of public management. The results shows that the greatest change this far happened late in the term of office when the Swedish Police Authority received an increased appropriation. The Swedish Police Authority also received new government mandates with the purpose to solve specific problems within the police authority. In relation to theories of public management, the Swedish Government's management of the police focuses on the indirect types of management to reach results within the direct management of laws and regulations.

La cryo-microscopie électronique est une technique tomographique permettant de reconstituer la structure 3D d’un objet complexe en biologie à partir d’un jeu d’acquisitions. Ces images de l’objet complexe sont appelées les projections et sont acquises sous orientations inconnues. Un des avantages de la cryo-microscopie électronique est l’obtention d’un modèle 3D de très haute résolution de l’objet dans un état naturel. La procédure de reconstruction comporte plusieurs étapes telles que l’alignement, la classification des projections, l’estimation de leurs orientations et le raffinement des projections. Lors de ces étapes, la distance entre deux projections est fréquemment mesurée. Le travail réalisé au cours de cette thèse s’organise autour de la recherche théorique d’une distance entre des projections non-orientées avec comme objectif l’amélioration de la procédure de reconstruction tomographique en cryo-microscopie électronique. La contribution de ce travail de thèse est une méthode permettant d’estimer la différence angulaire entre deux projections dans les cas 2D et 3D. Notre méthode est basée sur la construction d’un graphe de voisinage dont les sommets sont les projections, dont les arêtes relient des projections voisines et sont pondérées par une approximation locale de la différence angulaire. Le calcul de ces poids repose sur les propriétés des moments de projection. Notre méthode est testée sur des images simulées de différentes résolutions et de différents niveaux du bruit. La comparaison avec des autres méthodes d’estimation de la différence angulaire est aussi réalisée. / Cryo-electron microscopy is a tomographic technique allowing to reconstruct a 3D model of complex structure in biology from a set of acquired images. These images are known as the tomographic projections and are taken at unknown directions. The advantage of the cryo-electron microscopy is the 3D reconstruction at very high resolution. The reconstruction procedure consists of many steps such as projection alignment, projection classification, orientation estimation and projection refinement. During these steps, the distance between two projections is frequently measured. The work in this thesis aims at studying the distances mesured between two unknown-direction projections with the objective of improving the reconstruction result in the cryo-electron microscopy. The contribution of this thesis is the developement of a method for estimating the angular difference between two projections in 2D and 3D. Our method is based on the construction of a neighborhood graph whose vertices are the projections, whose edges link the projection neighbors and are weighted by a local approximation of the angular difference. The calculation of the weights relies on the projection moment properties. The proposed method has been tested on simulated images with different resolutions and at different noise levels. The comparison with others estimation methods of angular difference has been realised.

Depuis les dernières années, la mission des écoles francophones canadiennes a été redéfinie afin de répondre aux besoins de notre société. Les écoles minoritaires franco-canadiennes sont isolées dans leur rôle de promotion du français et de construction identitaire. Il devient essentiel d’avoir des leaders efficaces dans nos écoles qui encouragent la promotion de la langue et de la culture. Certaines études exposent que les TIC peuvent contribuer à sauvegarder des langues et des cultures fragilisées. Parmi les rares dispositifs trouvés pour appuyer les directions d’école dans leurs tâches, nous avons trouvé la ressource hypermédia VelTIC. Or, aucune étude n’a été menée sur l’évaluation de ce dispositif quant à son potentiel pour aider les directions d’école. Le but de la présente recherche consiste donc à identifier la perception des leaders pédagogiques quant aux pratiques recensées dans la ressource VelTIC , à savoir si elles permettent d’aider ces derniers à assumer un leadership approprié quant à la promotion du français et la construction identitaire dans l’école. Les résultats indiquent que les leaders pédagogiques perçoivent les pratiques recensées dans la ressource VelTIC utiles pour les aider à assumer un leadership éducationnel en milieux linguistiques minoritaires (Lapointe, 2002) et un leadership lié au patrimoine (Godin, Lapointe, Langlois et St-Germain, 2004).

L'étude du geste dramatique dans le théâtre d'Euripide s'attache principalement à la dimension verbale du geste théâtral. Elle n'envisage pas seulement les mots qui disent le geste comme un moyen de reconstituer le geste de l'acteur mais cherche à éclairer grâce à eux l'art dramaturgique du poète. Une première partie est consacrée à l'étude stylistique des énoncés regroupés en « motifs gestuels » et montre l'importance des gestes pathétiques de la filiav dans les tragédies d'Euripide. Dans une seconde partie, une analyse comparée de gestes dans des séquences parallèles chez les trois grands Tragiques permet de mesurer les variations du rapport entre parole poétique et spectacle dramatique d'un poète à l'autre, afin de mettre en lumière la spécificité de l'expression euripidéenne du geste et le renouvellement du pathétiquedans son théâtre. Y sont interrogées les conséquences qu'ont pu avoir sur l'écriture du geste les modifications de la pratique théâtrale au cours du ve siècle avant J.-C., l'évolution des tendances artistiques et le poids de la sensibilité personnelle et de la vision tragique de chaque poète. Dans la troisième partie sont examinées les expérimentations théâtrales auxquelles s'est livré Euripide autour de l'expression du geste, notamment dans ses dernières pièces, et quiremettent en question la nature du tragique. / This study focuses on gestures as indicated by the words in Euripides' tragedies. Words are not only here a means to reconstruct the actor's gesture on stage, but are analysed in order to enlighten the specificity of the poet's dramatic art. The first chapter presents a stylistic study of the gesture formulas, grouped according to « gestural patterns », and reveals theimportance of the pathetic gestures of filiav in Euripides' theatre. In the second chapter, the comparison of gestures in parallel scenes by the three Tragic dramatists sheds light on the differences between them in the relationship between dramatic text and stage action and on the novelty of Euripidean gestural expression and pathos. This comparison is linked to the evolution of tragic performance in the fifth century, to the evolution of artistic tendencies and to the poet's own sensibility. The third chapter is an analysis of Euripides' theatrical experiments involving dramatic gestures, especially in his late plays, and leads to a new definition of the tragic nature of Euripidean theater.

Bakgrund: Privata företag förväntas ha färre finansieringsmöjligheter än publika börsnoterade företag, vilket gör privata företag mer begränsade till extern skuldfinansiering från kreditinstitut. Kostnaden för den externa skuldfinansieringen påverkas av kreditgivarens riskbedömning och det kontrollbehov som bland annat uppstår på grund av agentkonflikten mellan långivare och låntagare. Vi ämnar därför undersöka hur ägaren och ägarens val av styrelse och extern revisor kan reducera agentkonflikten och därmed reducera företagens räntekostnader vid extern skuldfinansiering. Syfte: Syftet med vår uppsats är att undersöka huruvida ägarkoncentrationen samt ägarens val av styrelse och extern revisor påverkar företagens externa räntekostnader i privata svenska aktiebolag. Metod: Studiens ansats är av deduktiv art utifrån en tvärsnittsdesign. Studien utgår från en kvantitativ metod för att testa studiens hypoteser utifrån ett urval av medelstora privata svenska aktiebolag. Resultat: Ägarkoncentrationen, styrelsens storlek samt styrelsens oberoende har ingen signifikant påverkan på räntekostnaden. Däremot visar resultaten i studien att det finns ett signifikant negativt samband mellan räntekostnaden och valet att utse en extern revisor från Big4. / Background: Private companies are expected to have fewer funding opportunities than public listed companies, which makes private companies more dependent on external debt financing from credit institutions. The cost of the external debt financing is affected by the lenders risk assessment and the need for control that naturally appears because of the agency conflict between lenders and borrowers. We aim to examine how the owner and the owner’s choice of board of directors and external auditor can reduce the agency conflict and thus reduce the companies interest costs in external debt financing. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate if the owner concentration as well as the owner’s choice of board composition and external auditor, affects the external interest costs of private Swedish limited companies. Method: The study’s approach is deductive in nature and based on a cross sectional design. The study is based on a quantitative method for testing the hypotheses, based on selection of medium-sized private Swedish limited companies. Conclusions: The ownership concentration, the board size and the board independence have no significant influence on the interest rate. The study does however show a significant negative correlation between the interest rate and the choice to appoint an external auditor from one of the Big4.