M.A. / This dissertation explores On The Contrary by Andre P. Brink against the backdrop of creative reading with emphasis on interpretation of the text as a process rather than as a product. The title On The Contrary is already indicative of the author's intention to unlock a myriad of interpretative possibilities in stead of tangibilitating a conclusion. The title also illuminates the principle that what is written is not necessarily what is said, that none of the content is cast in concrete and that the work concerns itself with the offering of contrasts: truth and untruth, imagination and reality, guilt and innocence. A symbiosis of dualism and parallelism is portrayed in order to enrich the potential for multiple text interpretations. Various texts are incorporated into the text of On The Contrary on an inter-textual basis, for the purpose of facilitating the interpretative process in an explicit and/or implicit manner. This study investigates and discusses the following three specific texts: • Don Quijote by Cervantes. Several explicit references are made to this canonised novel of Western literature, but it is the subtle, implied similarities between the lives of the characters Estienne Barbier and Don Quojote that serve as interpretative keys. • Jeanne d' Arc and her history. • The life history of Estienne Barbier, the historical 18 th century Cape figure. Remarkable documented similarities between the historical characters, Barbier and Jeanne d'Arc invite the analytical reader to try and establish the extent and purpose of incorporating the Jeanne d'Arc text into On The Contrary. Through the process of creative reading, the reader's assessment and understanding of Estienne Barbier, as a character in the novel, is moulded and formed by the life story and philosophy of Jeanne d'Arc. Barbier is constructed from a compound of historical facts and fictitious incidents. Historical "gaps" in the life of Estienne Barbier are compensated for through the introduction of elements from the life history and philosophy of Jeanne d'Arc. To that extent Barbier is a consequential character whose life and philosophy inextricably reflects examples derived from Jeanne d'Arc. The inter-textual process imbues a linear Estienne Barbier with depth in regard to the events that effect him and allows him to grow in the eyes of the reader, through fruitful application of parallels between the histories of Jeanne d'Arc and Estienne Barbier. The use of Jeanne d'Arc inter-textually and the virtual "retelling" of Jeanne, profoundly tell the story of a rebellious Barbier's "crusade" in pursuit of righteousness. In similar fashion the historical character Estienne Barbier is "told" into the romantic character Barbier in an attempt to transcend from imagination to reality. The reinterpretation of history, with the view of arriving at an alternative historical interpretation, becomes possible through the use of fiction. In primary instance this study investigates the manner in which the abovementioned three texts are incorporated inter-textually in the novel On The Contrary. Secondly an attempt is made to identify the narrative strategies that are used to arrive at a possible interpretation of the text and lastly it indulges in an exploration of the healing effect that the process of (imaginary) storytelling has in the lives of characters such as Don Quijote and Estienne Barbier.

This book is being edited at the suggestion of colleagues who feel a great need for a Spanish reader with the the following qualifications: A good connected story from Spanish Literature Subject matter suitable for adolescents Sufficiently simple for use in Beginning Spanish This is an edited version of Part One, and consequently is simplified and cut. Many authorities prefer to wait until students get to college so that they may be introduced to the great masterpiece in its original. In as much as the average high school student does not take more than two years of Spanish, this system removes the greatest Spanish classic from the education of the masses of American people. Furthermore the study of Don Quixote offers excellent character training and basic education for the adolescent. To the student: This book is arranged to help English-speaking students of thirteen years of age or over to learn to read their second language. You must remember that unless you can make use of your English vocabulary and ability, you will learn to read Spanish at somewhat the same rate of speed with which you learned English. In other words, at the end of one year, you will know about as much as you did in English at the end of the First Grade, and at the end of ten years, you may expect to have somewhat the same ability that is usual for a Junior in High School, furthermore, you must remember that it is impossible to Iearn all the common or useful words in a foreign language, and it is not always possible to consult a dictionary at every turn when traveling around Mexico or South America.

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Esta tese apresenta um panorama detalhado da história de adaptações de Dom Quixote no Brasil (1886-2013), ressaltando as dez adaptações mais publicadas nesses 127 anos: Carlos Jansen (1886); Monteiro Lobato (1936); Orígenes Lessa (1970); José Angeli (1985); Ferreira Gullar (2002); Walcyr Carrasco (2002); Leonardo Chianca (2005); Rosana Rios (2005), Ana Maria Machado (2005) e Fábio Bortolazzo Pinto (2008), abrangendo questões historiográficas e seus agentes, incluindo as biografias de adaptadores, alguns deles entrevistados. O objetivo deste estudo multidisciplinar é iniciar um exame da relação controversa entre retraduções de clássicos da literatura infantojuvenil. Faremos referência aos Estudos de Tradução, especialmente a críticos da área de Retradução (Antoine Berman, Yves Gambier, Anthony Pym, Koskinen e Paloposki entre outros), aos estudos da escola de manipulação (Lefevere) e aos Estudos de Adaptação (Milton, Hutcheon e Sanders). A análise também leva em conta as peculiaridades da tradução de literatura infantil (OSullivan, Lathey, Soriano), e estudos sobre o Quixote realizados por hispanistas como Edward Riley, Anthony Close, Erich Auerbach e Maria Augusta da Costa Vieira. Para a análise descritiva comparativa dos dez textos ficcionais, criamos uma ferramenta: Tabela Analítica Ponderada, e analisamos os elementos paratextuais segundo os estudos de Genette e Gürçalar. Essas reescrituras coexistem com outras edições, como aquelas lançadas pelas comemorações do 400o aniversário do Quixote (2005 e 2015), que deram um impulso considerável para a indústria editorial, resultando em dezenas de novas publicações sobre o famoso romance espanhol e outros livros de Cervantes, incluindo novas adaptações e reimpressões de obras em prosa, quadrinhos e cordel, e versões estrangeiras traduzidas, como pode ser visto no catálogo anexo de 325 publicações, das 74 diferentes adaptações do Quixote. / This thesis provides a detailed overview of the history of adaptations of Don Quijote in Brazil (1886-2013), focusing on the ten most published adaptations during those 127 years: Carlos Jansen (1886); Monteiro Lobato (1936); Orígenes Lessa (1970); José Angeli (1985); Ferreira Gullar (2002); Walcyr Carrasco (2002); Leonardo Chianca (2005); Rosana Rios (2005), Ana Maria Machado (2005) and Fabio Bortolazzo Pinto (2008), and covering historiographical issues and their agents, including the biographies of adapters, some of them interviewed. The aim of this multidisciplinary study is to initiate an examination of the controversial relationship between retranslations and retranslations of adults classics for children. In carrying out such an examination, reference will be made to Translation Studies, especially critics discussing Retranslation (Antoine Berman, Yves Gambier, Anthony Pym, Koskinen and Paloposki among others), the studies of the Manipulation School (Lefevere) and Adaptation Studies (Milton, Hutcheon, and Sanders). The analysis will also take into account the peculiarities of childrens literature translation (OSullivan, Lathey, and Soriano) and studies about Don Quijote, using Cervantess critics as Edward Riley, Anthony Close, Erich Auerbach and Maria Augusta da Costa Vieira. For the comparative descriptive analysis of the ten fictional texts, we create a tool: the Analytical Weighted Table, and the paratext elements\' study follows Genette and Gürçalar studies. These rewritings coexist alongside with other editions, as the celebrations of Don Quixotes 400th anniversary (2005 and 2015) gave considerable impetus to the publishing industry and resulted in dozens of new publications regarding the famous novel and other Cervantes books, including new adaptations and reprints of works in prose, comics and cordel, and translated foreign versions, as can be seen in the annexed catalogue of 325 publications of the 74 different Quixotes adaptations.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-11-30T11:32:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Alves Maximo dos Santos.pdf: 1791281 bytes, checksum: f0b2b15003ebd0802aafa8a1bd325c81 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-30T11:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Alves Maximo dos Santos.pdf: 1791281 bytes, checksum: f0b2b15003ebd0802aafa8a1bd325c81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Quixote, by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, whose first part came to light in 1605, is one of the best known works in world literature and has received several interpretations. A controversial subject concerns the proposal of Salvador de Madariaga y Rojo, who proposed a slow and persistent process of symbiosis between the characters Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, from the work Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, resulting in the sanchificación of dom Quixote and in Sancho's quixotization. The proposal, made in the first half of the twentieth century, caused great repercussion in the scope of the Cervantine studies. The present work seeks to analyze the speech and the behavior of the characters throughout the narrative, in order to confirm or not Madariaga's proposal and, for that, concentrates on the analysis of two chapters "Moinhos de Vento" (Chapter VIII) and "Cravilenho" (cap.XLI) that make up the first and second part of Quixote, respectively. The research, which is a critical one, has the basic support in the theoretical-methodological proposal of Systemic-Functional Linguistics (LSF), in which the interpersonal metafunction encompasses the notion of modality as welll as the notion of appraisal – subdivided in affection (emotions), judgement (ethic) and appreciation (aesthetics). SFL allows the relation of the lexical-grammatical choices of the microstructure of the text with the macrostructure of the power relations and discourse ideology. The research should answer the following questions: (a) What grammatical choices confirm the sanchification of Don Quixote and the quixotization of Sancho? (b) What role does appraisal play in this process? (c) How is social critique made in this context? The analysis proves that there is in fact a change in the character of both characters, in terms of a mutual influence that happens throughout the narrative, in which a more careful examination discloses the implicit social critique woven by Cervantes / O livro Quixote, de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, cuja primeira parte veio a lume em 1605, é uma das obras mais conhecidas da literatura mundial e tem recebido várias interpretações. Um assunto controvertido, diz respeito à proposta de Salvador de Madariaga y Rojo, que propôs um processo de simbiose, lento e persistente, entre os personagens dom Quixote e Sancho Pança, da obra Quixote, de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, resultando na sanchificação de dom Quixote e na quixotização de Sancho. A proposta, feita na primeira metade do século XX, provocou grande repercussão no âmbito dos estudos cervantinos. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar a fala e o comportamento das personagens ao longo da narrativa, a fim de confirmar, ou não, a proposta de Madariaga e, para tanto, concentra-se na análise de dois capítulos “Moinhos de Vento” (cap. VIII) e “Cravilenho” (cap.XLI) que compõem a primeira e a segunda parte de Quixote, respectivamente. A pesquisa, de cunho crítico, tem o apoio básico na proposta teórico-metodológica, da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (LSF), cuja metafunção interpessoal acolhe a noção de modalidade acrescida da avaliatividade – avaliação de afeto (emoções), julgamento (ética) e apreciação (estética), que inclui a avaliação social (avaliação de fenômenos sociais). A LSF permite relacionar as escolhas léxico-gramaticais da microestrutura do texto com a macroestrutura das relações de poder e de ideologia do discurso. Nesse contexto, incluímos questões referentes ao footing, à ameaça de face e de ironia. A pesquisa deve responder às seguintes perguntas: (a) Que escolhas gramaticais confirmam a sanchificação de dom Quixote e a quixotização de Sancho? (b) Que papel exerce a avaliatividade nesse processo? (c) Como é feita a crítica social nesse contexto? A análise comprova que há de fato uma mudança no caráter das duas personagens, em termos de uma mútua influência que acontece ao longo da narrativa, em que um exame detido capta a crítica social implícita tecida por Cervantes

The following study is an analysis of the initial steps of the process of characterization of Dorotea and Fortunata. This comparative study will illustrate the similarities in the techniques both Cervantes and Galdos employ to create two female characters who, although begin as irrelevant secondary characters, end as protagonists and heroines of their respective story. / The first chapter is dedicated to the two male characters, Cardenio and Juanito. Both authors begin each story with a male character and lead the reader to believe falsely that they will be the protagonists. We conclude that these false protagonists only serve as contrasts to the female characters they introduce. / The second and third chapters deal with the first appearance of Dorotea and Fortunata. We begin with a detailed description and analysis of their physical appearance and the literary techniques used. We discover that both authors achieve the same goal of creating a sensual scene in which they offer a minute description of the female characters in question. Finally, we come to know these two female characters through an analysis of their discourses and language. The characterization process is realized thanks to the interaction between characters and the thinking process. We come to the conclusion that, although separated by approximately three centuries, both authors employ similar techniques and succeed in creating two female characters that excel in their respective lives.

Esta tese apresenta um panorama detalhado da história de adaptações de Dom Quixote no Brasil (1886-2013), ressaltando as dez adaptações mais publicadas nesses 127 anos: Carlos Jansen (1886); Monteiro Lobato (1936); Orígenes Lessa (1970); José Angeli (1985); Ferreira Gullar (2002); Walcyr Carrasco (2002); Leonardo Chianca (2005); Rosana Rios (2005), Ana Maria Machado (2005) e Fábio Bortolazzo Pinto (2008), abrangendo questões historiográficas e seus agentes, incluindo as biografias de adaptadores, alguns deles entrevistados. O objetivo deste estudo multidisciplinar é iniciar um exame da relação controversa entre retraduções de clássicos da literatura infantojuvenil. Faremos referência aos Estudos de Tradução, especialmente a críticos da área de Retradução (Antoine Berman, Yves Gambier, Anthony Pym, Koskinen e Paloposki entre outros), aos estudos da escola de manipulação (Lefevere) e aos Estudos de Adaptação (Milton, Hutcheon e Sanders). A análise também leva em conta as peculiaridades da tradução de literatura infantil (OSullivan, Lathey, Soriano), e estudos sobre o Quixote realizados por hispanistas como Edward Riley, Anthony Close, Erich Auerbach e Maria Augusta da Costa Vieira. Para a análise descritiva comparativa dos dez textos ficcionais, criamos uma ferramenta: Tabela Analítica Ponderada, e analisamos os elementos paratextuais segundo os estudos de Genette e Gürçalar. Essas reescrituras coexistem com outras edições, como aquelas lançadas pelas comemorações do 400o aniversário do Quixote (2005 e 2015), que deram um impulso considerável para a indústria editorial, resultando em dezenas de novas publicações sobre o famoso romance espanhol e outros livros de Cervantes, incluindo novas adaptações e reimpressões de obras em prosa, quadrinhos e cordel, e versões estrangeiras traduzidas, como pode ser visto no catálogo anexo de 325 publicações, das 74 diferentes adaptações do Quixote. / This thesis provides a detailed overview of the history of adaptations of Don Quijote in Brazil (1886-2013), focusing on the ten most published adaptations during those 127 years: Carlos Jansen (1886); Monteiro Lobato (1936); Orígenes Lessa (1970); José Angeli (1985); Ferreira Gullar (2002); Walcyr Carrasco (2002); Leonardo Chianca (2005); Rosana Rios (2005), Ana Maria Machado (2005) and Fabio Bortolazzo Pinto (2008), and covering historiographical issues and their agents, including the biographies of adapters, some of them interviewed. The aim of this multidisciplinary study is to initiate an examination of the controversial relationship between retranslations and retranslations of adults classics for children. In carrying out such an examination, reference will be made to Translation Studies, especially critics discussing Retranslation (Antoine Berman, Yves Gambier, Anthony Pym, Koskinen and Paloposki among others), the studies of the Manipulation School (Lefevere) and Adaptation Studies (Milton, Hutcheon, and Sanders). The analysis will also take into account the peculiarities of childrens literature translation (OSullivan, Lathey, and Soriano) and studies about Don Quijote, using Cervantess critics as Edward Riley, Anthony Close, Erich Auerbach and Maria Augusta da Costa Vieira. For the comparative descriptive analysis of the ten fictional texts, we create a tool: the Analytical Weighted Table, and the paratext elements\' study follows Genette and Gürçalar studies. These rewritings coexist alongside with other editions, as the celebrations of Don Quixotes 400th anniversary (2005 and 2015) gave considerable impetus to the publishing industry and resulted in dozens of new publications regarding the famous novel and other Cervantes books, including new adaptations and reprints of works in prose, comics and cordel, and translated foreign versions, as can be seen in the annexed catalogue of 325 publications of the 74 different Quixotes adaptations.

Le Don Quichotte de Cervantès a inspiré tous les domaines artistiques du XIXème siècle (1789-1914). Le choix de regrouper dans un même corpus les arts graphiques et plastiques, les arts populaires, les arts du spectacle et cinématographiques, permet de voir comment les arts s’influencent, se répondent ou s’opposent. Le Don Quichotte est, comme tout sujet littéraire traité dans les domaines artistiques, confronté à son image littéraire, celle créée par son auteur. Notre volonté est de distinguer comment se profilent puis se figent les caractéristiques physiques des personnages principaux au cours du XIXème siècle et ce, principalement en France.Les artistes sont amenés à interpréter le texte. Ils se détachent de l’image littéraire pour s’intéresser aux possibilités plastiques et iconographiques qu’offre le roman de Cervantès. Au-delà de la traduction plastique d’un texte littéraire, l’enjeu est de comprendre comment les artistes parviennent à s’insérer dans la pensée de leur société, c'est-à-dire comment ils arrivent à influer sur la lecture d’une œuvre littéraire. En comparant l’iconographie de don Quichotte à celle d’autres héros, il s’agit de voir en quoi le personnage créé par Cervantès permet aux artistes de se réapproprier cette silhouette et à quelle fin. Son image est largement exploitée dans les domaines de la publicité et de la caricature. L’étude vise à saisir par quels moyens les deux héros vont se retrouver transposés dans une société pour en faire, tantôt la critique, tantôt l’apologie, au gré des contingences politiques, économiques et sociales, voire oniriques ou fantaisistes, c'est-à-dire sans substrat critique et par pure référence ludique. / The Don Quixote of Cervantes has inspired all fields of arts of the nineteenth century (1789-1914). The choice to group in one corpus the visual arts, popular arts, performing arts and film, let us see how the arts influence, answer or oppose each other. The Don Quixote is, like any literary subject within the arts, confronted with his literary image. Our desire is to distinguish the emerging profiles of the main characters of nineteenth century France and then analyse their physical characteristics.Artists are asked to interpret the text. They detached themself from the literary image and have greater interest in the visual and iconographic opportunities offered within the novel of Cervantes. Beyond the visual translation of a literary text the challenge is to understand how artists manage to fit into the thinking of their society, or in other words, how they can influence the reading of a classic work of literature. By comparing the iconography of Don Quixote through other heroes we can understand how the character allows artists to adapt this figure and for what purpose. His image is widely used in the fields of advertising and caricature. The study aims to understand the means by which the two heroes will find themselves transposed into a society to make, sometimes critical, sometimes complientary comments, according to the political contingencies, or economic, social, even whimsical and fantastical i.e. without a basis of critical reference and amusing.

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