A indústria de transformação, que havia liderado o crescimento econômico do Brasil nas cinco décadas precedentes a 1981 na fase de industrialização, perdeu dinamismo desde início dos anos oitenta. Desde 1981, o produto manufatureiro brasileiro cresceu pouco e abaixo da modesta taxa de crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do Brasil. Com isso, o setor manufatureiro tem contribuído cada vez menos para a formação do PIB brasileiro e encolhido bastante relativo a indústria global, desde 1981 até 2017. Esta pesquisa realiza uma avaliação da estrutura produtiva e tecnológica bem desagregada setorialmente da indústria de transformação brasileira, desse modo, ela oferece um diagnóstico mais detalhado da perda de dinamismo industrial. Esta pesquisa procurou responder as seguintes perguntas: i) os setores manufatureiros diminuíram participação no PIB de maneira uniforme ou foi concentrado setorialmente? ii) os setores intensivos em conhecimento e tecnologia seguem uma trajetória de desindustrialização normal ou prematura? (iii) o tecido industrial do país está mais oco ou rarefeito nos anos 2000? (iv) o país é um montador que faz pouca transformação industrial em algum segmento manufatureiro? (v) os segmentos industriais que mais importaram insumos e componentes são também aqueles que mais exportaram? Ou seja, o Brasil tem uma inserção ativa nas cadeias globais de valor (CGV)? (vi) os setores de serviços são relevantes na realização de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) no país de modo que a desindustrialização é irrelevante da perspectiva tecnológica? Para responder essas perguntas foram criadas sérias inéditas de longo prazo da participação dos setores manufatureiros no PIB. Também foi obtida uma tabulação especial do IBGE com informações para 258 subsetores industriais que permitiu avaliar o grau de adensamento produtivo deles. E por fim foram utilizados dados das Contas Nacionais do Brasil, das matrizes de insumo-produto e de investimento setor por setor para fazer um retrato setorial da produção e uso de P&D, através de técnicas de insumo-produto. Os resultados encontrados permitem concluir que o desenvolvimento industrial brasileiro está estagnado desde 1981 e a manufatura apresenta uma retração de longo prazo do produto manufatureiro real per capita. Esta pesquisa também apresentou uma abordagem setorial da desindustrialização pelo PIB de forma inédita, revelando que parte da desindustrialização brasileira é normal (ou esperada) e parte é prematura (e indesejada), dado o nível de desenvolvimento do Brasil. A desindustrialização prematura ocorreu nos setores intensivos em tecnologia, que também possuem baixo grau de adensamento produtivo ao importar parcela substantiva dos insumos e componentes intensivos em P&D. Também foi constatado que o Brasil se insere de forma passiva nas CGV, pois as classes industriais que mais importaram insumos e componentes não exportaram. Por fim, os setores de serviços - que ganharam bastante peso no PIB nas últimas décadas - conduzem no Brasil poucos investimentos em P&D e em menor magnitude que os setores manufatureiros. Portanto, da perspectiva tecnológica, a prematura mudança estrutural rumo aos serviços tem implicações relevantes quanto ao progresso tecnológico futuro do Brasil. / Brazilian manufacturing sector, which had led Brazil\'s economic growth in the five decades preceding 1981 in the industrialization phase, lost dynamism since the early 1980s. Since 1981, Brazilian manufacturing product grew slightly below the modest growth rate of Brazil\'s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). With this, manufacturing sector has contributed less and less to the formation of the GDP. Brazilian manufacturing sector has also shrunk a lot relative to the global manufacturing from 1981 to 2017. This research makes an evaluation of the productive and technological structure well disaggregated sectorally of the Brazilian manufacturing industry, thus offering a detailed diagnosis of the loss of industrial dynamism. This research sought to answer the following questions: i) have the manufacturing sectors decreased their share in GDP uniformly, or have been sectorally concentrated? ii) are knowledge and technology intensive sectors following a trajectory of normal or premature de-industrialization? iii) are the production chains of the country more hollow or rarefied in the 2000s? iv) is the country an assembler who does little industrial transformation in some manufacturing subsector? v) are the manufacturing subsectors that more imported inputs and components also the ones that more exported? That is, Brazil has an active insertion in global value chains (GVC)? vi) are services sectors relevant in conducting research and development (R&D) in Brazil so that de-industrialization is irrelevant from the technological perspective? To answer these questions, the author created an unpublished long-term series of the participation of manufacturing sectors in GDP. A special tabulation of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics was also obtained, with data for 258 manufacturing subsectors, which allowed evaluating the degree of productive densification. Finally, data from Brazil\'s National Accounts, input-output matrices, and investment matrices were used to make a sectoral portrait of the production and use of R&D, through input-output techniques. Results showed that Brazilian manufacturing development is stagnant and occurs a long-term retraction of real per capita manufacturing output since 1981. This research also presented a sectoral approach to deindustrialization by GDP in an unpublished way, reporting that part of Brazilian deindustrialization is normal (or expected) and part is premature (and undesirable) given the level of development of Brazil. Premature deindustrialization occurred in the technology-intensive sectors, which also have a low degree of productive densification by importing a substantial portion of the inputs and R&D-intensive components. It was also observed that Brazil inserts passively in the GVC since the manufacturing classes that more import inputs and components do not export. Finally, service sectors - which have gained considerable weight in GDP in recent decades - conducted little investment in R&D in Brazil and to a lesser extent than manufacturing sectors. Therefore, from the technological perspective, the premature structural change towards services has relevant implications for the future technological progress of Brazil.

O cenário positivo pelo qual a construção civil atravessou nas últimas duas décadas trouxe incontáveis benefícios ao país, porém alguns aspectos relevantes devem ser avaliados neste panorama de crescimento, principalmente os relacionados aos impactos ambientais ocasionados pelo setor. Uma destas preocupações é a quantidade de resíduos sólidos produzidos e sua respectiva disposição final. O equipamento, objeto deste estudo, propõe que os resíduos produzidos sejam processados, transformados novamente em materiais, e reutilizados dentro do próprio processo construtivo, sem que haja necessidade de transportá-los às áreas de processamento e disposição. Para tanto, foram analisadas amostras de material Classe A, inertes, passiveis de serem reincorporados ao processo construtivo, substituindo o agregado (pedra britada) em determinadas situações. Foram avaliadas ainda as condições conceituais, materiais e mecânicas do equipamento britador, para melhor aproveitamento dos materiais que serão produzidos e reincorporados ao ciclo construtivo da Construção Civil. Os estudos resultaram no projeto de uma máquina britadora de resíduos, de pequeno porte, porém capaz de transformar resíduos sólidos Classe A, em materiais passiveis de serem reutilizados em forma de agregados, sem que haja necessidade de retirá-los da obra para processamento. / The positive scenario which construction has gone through in the last two decades in Brazil brought countless benefits to the country, however, some important aspects must be evaluated in this growth panorama, especially those related to environmental impacts caused by the activity. One of these concerns is the solid waste amount production and its respective final disposal. The device, object of this study, proposes that the produced waste is processed, transformed back into materials and reused in the construction process itself, discarding transportation to processing sites and deposition. For this purpose, inert Class A waste samples were analyzed under certain situations aiming to be able to reincorporation in the construction process, replacing the aggregate (crushed stone). The crusher equipments conceptual, material and mechanical conditions were also evaluated to achieve better results on the use and reincorporation of the processed materials in the construction cycle. The studies resulted in the design of a crusher waste machine, small, but able to turn Class A solid waste, insusceptible materials to be reused in the form of aggregates, with no need to remove them from workplace for processing.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-06-26T13:13:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Seleme Dora_.pdf: 433008 bytes, checksum: e182890c33d774182153536a860fceb5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T13:13:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Seleme Dora_.pdf: 433008 bytes, checksum: e182890c33d774182153536a860fceb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-20 / Nenhuma / O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar qual a influência da taxa de câmbio como um mecanismo na estratégia de aumentar os projetos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento no Brasil. A fim de realizar essa verificação, é feita uma contextualização sobre a variável macroeconômica câmbio, os investimentos diretos externos, o ecossistema de inovação e os investimentos externos em inovação. Feita essa primeira etapa é realizado um estudo de múltiplos casos em cinco multinacionais com atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento no Brasil para se compreender quais são os fatores e condições necessários para que os projetos sejam realizados aqui. Como resultado, se encontrou estratégias e fatores semelhantes em todas as empresas e suas condições para realização de P&D no Brasil. Não foi encontrada uma importante influência da taxa de câmbio na tomada de decisão, e sim, a influência da existência de conhecimento e mão de obra qualificada. / The objective of this work is to verify the influence of the exchange as a mechanism in the strategy to increase the research and development projects in Brazil, to do this verification its made a contextualization on the macroeconomic variable exchange rate, the foreign direct investments, the innovation ecosystem and external investments in innovation, after this first step, is carried out a study of multiple cases in five multinationals with research and development activities in Brazil to understand what are the factors and conditions necessary for the projects to be done here. As a result, we found similar strategies and factors in all companies and their conditions for conducting R&D in Brazil, we did not find an important influence of the exchange in decision making but rather influence of the existence of knowledge and skilled labor.

O modelo de promoção da inovação em saúde predominante na atualidade é baseado na proteção da propriedade intelectual por meio da concessão de patentes. A patente permite ao seu titular explorar o objeto protegido com exclusividade por um determinado período de tempo, no qual seria obtido o retorno do investimento feito na pesquisa e desenvolvimento do produto. A obtenção de retorno do custo da P&D pela comercialização do produto final, potencializada pelo monopólio conferido pela patente, faz com o que o detentor da tecnologia estabeleça preço de venda elevado. O sistema de patentes potencializa, assim, a maximização de lucros das empresas farmacêuticas, ampliando seu interesse no desenvolvimento de produtos rentáveis e na mercantilização da saúde. Foram identificadas e sistematizadas evidências que demonstram que a aplicação do sistema de patente na área da saúde tem gerado problemas de inovação, ao direcionar recursos de P&D voltados para a produção de produtos rentáveis e não voltados a atender necessidades de saúde; e de acesso, uma vez que o preço elevado excluí milhões de pessoas do consumo do produto. Ficou demonstrada a necessidade de busca de medidas para superação desses problemas. Identificou-se medidas existentes dentro do sistema de patentes que poderiam ser utilizadas para minimizar os problemas identificados em curto e médio prazo, com uma abordagem caso a caso. Optou-se por utilizar uma abordagem sistêmica, demonstrando a necessidade de medidas alternativas ao sistema de patentes para resolução dos problemas identificados a longo prazo. A identificação de medidas alternativas foi realizada por meio da revisão de mais de uma centena de propostas enviadas em chamada aberta e recomendações feitas por diferentes órgãos da Organização Mundial de Saúde no período de 2003 a 2012. As medidas identificadas foram descritas, sistematizadas e analisadas. Conclui-se que a principal proposta atualmente em discussão é a criação de um Fundo Global de P&D, no marco de uma Convenção Global de P&D em saúde, que financiaria a P&D mediante a concessão de prêmios, e não de patentes. Os resultados da P&D seriam tratados como bens públicos, e poderiam ser produzidos por qualquer interessado. Esse modelo visa desvincular os custos da P&D do preço final do produto. Com isso, tem o potencial de solucionar os problemas de inovação e acesso à saúde identificados no sistema de patentes. No entanto, enfrenta grande oposição dos defensores do sistema de patentes, principalmente grandes empresas farmacêuticas interessadas na ampliação da mercantilização da saúde. / The model for promoting innovation in health prevalent nowadays is based on the protection of intellectual property by granting patents. The patent allows the holder to exploit the protected object with exclusivity for a certain period of time, in which he could obtain the return of investment made in research and development. The need to obtain the return of the investments made on R&D by selling the final product, boosted by the monopoly conferred by the patent, allows the patent holder to establish high price. The patent system maximizes profits of pharmaceutical companies, expanding its interest in developing profitable products and in health commodification. We identified and systematized evidence to show that the application of the patent system in the health sector has generated innovation problems, by directing R&D resources to the production of profitable products and not driven by health needs; and access, since the high price excludes millions of product consumption. It was demonstrated the need for seeking measures to overcome these problems. We identified existing measures within the patent system that could be used to alleviate the problems identified in the short and medium term, with a case-by-case approach. We chose to use a systemic approach, demonstrating the need for alternative measures to the patent system to resolve the problems identified in the long-term. The identification of alternative measures was conducted through review of more than a hundred proposals submitted in open call and recommendations made by different bodies of the World Health Organization from 2003 to 2012. The measures identified have been described, systematized and analyzed. It is concluded that the main proposal currently under discussion is the creation of a Global R&D Fund, as part of a Global R&D Convention on health, which would finance R&D by granting prizes, and not patents. The results of R&D would be treated as public goods, and could be produced by any interested party. This model aims to delink the costs of R&D from the final price of the product. Thus, it has the potential to solve the problems of innovation and access to health identified in the patent system. However, it faces strong opposition from advocates of the patent system, especially large pharmaceutical companies interested in expanding health commodification.

O presente trabalho pretende entender a dinâmica do gerenciamento de projetos no IPEN. Para tal, decidiu-se pela pesquisa junto a literatura acadêmica de modelos que pudessem servir de base e que após modificações e ajustes pudessem refletir a realidade dos projetos de Institutos Públicos Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento. Após tratamento estatístico dos dados algumas hipóteses foram validadas e demonstraram sua influência positiva no desempenho do gerenciamento do projeto, tais como a influência das pessoas que compõem as equipes, o efeito da liderança, dentre outras. O modelo, inclusive mostrou-se válido para explicar quais fatores são relevantes para o sucesso dos projetos. Um das principais objetivos, foi exatamente o uso de modelo de avaliação de gestão projetos, que fossem passíveis de validação estatística, e não utilizar um dos disponíveis no mercado, tais como P3M3 e OPM3, para que houvesse um controle e confirmação estatística dos resultados. Outro objetivo foi utilizar um modelo cujas assertivas refletissem a natureza dos projetos de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento gerenciados pelos pesquisadores do IPEN. Aliás, as referidas assertivas foram formuladas, e enviadas via pesquisa web, e respondidas por praticamente uma centena de profissionais do IPEN, envolvidos com projetos de P&D. A presente dissertação, acrescida das recomendações, ao final, tem como proposta servir de contribuição para os trabalhos desenvolvidos pelo Escritório de Projetos do IPEN. O modelo de avaliação, contido neste trabalho, pode ser aplicado em outras Instituições de P&D brasileiras, para que avaliem a forma e a maneira como gerenciam os seus respectivos projetos. / This paper aims to understand the dynamics involved in the project management at IPEN. To reach this goal, the method chosen was research along with academic literature of models that could serve as a base that after modifications and adjustments could reflect the reality of projects from the Public Institute of Research & Development. After undergoing statistical treatment of the data, some hypotheses were validated and showed positive influence on the project management performance, such as the influence of people who make up the teams, the leadership effect, among others. In fact, the model was found to be valid in explaining which factors are relevant for the success of the projects. One of the main goals was exactly the use of the project management evaluation model, submitted to statistical validation and not to use one available on the market, such as the P3M3 and OPM3, in order to assure the statistical control and confirmation of the results. Another goal was to use a model whose statements reflected the nature of the Research & Development project managed by researchers at IPEN. In fact, the aforementioned statements were formulated and sent via a web survey and answered by almost one hundred IPEN professionals who work on R&D projects. The following dissertation, along with the recommendations at the end, was included to serve as contribution to work developed by the IPEN Project Offices. The evaluation model included in this paper can be applied in other R&D organizations in Brazil, to evaluate the way their projects are managed.

本研究係研究技術策略規劃的規劃過程，由探討技術策略規劃的內容模式，歸納出技術策略規劃過程的幾個重要課題及活動，包括技術狀況的瞭解、關鍵技術的掌握、技術預測、技術來源、技術需求分析、技術創新機會、技術策略和經營策略的配合、技術策略融入企業整體策略規劃，並建立技術策略規劃的程序過程。 　　本研究以國內重視科技及研發的公司為研究對象，探討這些企業技術策略規劃的實際程序，以及這些企業在技術策略規劃重要課題活動的管理，最後並嘗試建立一技術策略規劃的整合性工具方法－技術策略規劃檢核表，以為一個公司有心從事技術策略規劃的輔助性工具。 　　本研究的結論包括：公司型態影響公司的技術策略規劃，跨國公司集團、或公司集團的子公司，技術策略規劃時自由度較低，本土公司技術策略規劃時自由度較高；經營資源多的公司，在從事技術策略規劃時較能不受限制，經營資源少的公司限制多；創新型的公司技術策略規劃的過程，強調快速、彈性，製造型的公司技術策略規劃的過程，強調有步驟、循序漸進；技術策略規劃應由公司的事業中長期計畫、研發中長期計畫展開，確保技術策略規劃融入事業整體規劃中。

本研究以區域創新系統觀點，分析在兩岸區位優勢差異下，影響台灣製造業廠商兩岸研發區位選擇及廠商研發網絡治理情形，強化既往研究未同時關注台商、兩岸地區及偏重個案研究的不足之處；經實證結果發現，區位優勢、研發部門類型、市場規模、政策條件、產業群聚、知識流通及研發經費投入等變數為台商兩岸研發區位佈點的影響變數，除了市場規模及市場型研發部門與研發區位選擇呈現負向關係外，其他皆與區位選擇呈現正向關係，顯示除因台灣市場規模太小造成台商選擇至對岸設立研發部門外，台灣在其他表現上皆較對岸具有吸引力，台灣仍具有不可忽視的區域創新能量，建議政府部門應在產業政策上有新作為，提供廠商各項研發所需要的協助，以吸引更多本土企業於台灣設立研發部門，以不斷累積及提升台灣的研發競爭力。 區域創新系統強調區域內行動者的網絡連結及互動，形塑該地區無可取代的區域特色，為彌補研發區位選擇的量化研究，無法表達出區域創新系統內廠商在地化網絡連結及互動的情況，本研究在研發網絡治理部分以華碩企業集團為研究對象，探討其如何運用本身及當地資源，建立在地化網絡及維持網絡關係運作等網絡治理議題，經研究結果發現，由於華碩企業集團具有豐富的研發經驗、高水準的研發人員及雄厚的資金，扮演在地化網絡主要行動者的角色，掌握與其他行動者（例如政府部門、研究機構、大專院校及其他廠商等）間關係建立的主導權，在研發技術的傳遞上係以公司內部的垂直組織網絡為主要傳遞路徑，與區域創新系統內各行動者的網絡關係及在地鑲嵌程度不強。 / With the viewpoint of regional innovation system, this paper analyzes the impacts of R&D locational choices and enterporises’ R&D network governance that manufacturing firms in Taiwan have under the differentiation of locational advantages between China and Taiwan as well as consolidates some points which are incompletely focused in the past on Taiwanese firms, two sides of Taiwan Strait, and overweighing case-studies. The empirical evidences bring that the impacts of variable to locational distribution of Taiwanese manufacturing firms across the strait are many: locational advantages, the types of R&D unit, the scales of market, policy conditions, industrial clusters, knowledge flows and R&D investment. Except for the negative correlations between the scale of market/type of R&D unit and R&D locational choices, the rest variables have the positive correlation with R&D locational choices, which means that, barring that the scale of market in Taiwan is so small that Taiwanese firms choose to institute R&D spots in China, other variables in Taiwan are more attractive than those in China; Taiwan possesses innegligible energy of regional creativity. The suggestion is that the government has to take new actions on industrial policy, providing the assistance to R&D that enterprises need, in order to attract more and more local enterprises to set up their R&D functions in Taiwan for accumulating and advancing Taiwan’s competitive power continuously. Regional innovation system emphasizes on actors’ network linkages and interactions within one region, shaping irreplaceable regional characteristics for that region in order to atone for the quantitative research of R&D locational choices which cannot express the situation of enterprises’ localized network linkages and interactions within regional innovation system. Taking ASUS as example, this research, in terms of network governance, confers how ASUS draws on own and local resources for network governance issues like establishing localized networks and maintaining the operation of network relations. After the analysis, it is found that, on account of ASUS with abundant R&D experiences, high-level R&D staffs and tremendous funds, ASUS plays the role as key actor in the localized network, controlling the predominant power established by relations between other actors (i.e. public sectors, research institutes, colleges/universities, other enterprises and so on). In terms of R&D technology transfer, vertical networks in the inner company as main transfer passage is less attached with every actor’s network relation and its local embeddedness within regional innovation system.

This thesis consists of five individual essays and an introductory chapter. The essays are all in the field of industrial dynamics and more specifically focus on firm entry and exit in Swedish industrial sectors. The essays mainly contribute to the empirical literature on entry and exit. In four of the five essays, panel data methods are used in the empirical investigation. The first essay presents the patterns of entry and exit in industrial sectors in Sweden and studies the importance of different determinants of entry and exit rates in industries. The second essay focuses on the relationship between entry and exit. The third essay has a regional perspective, focusing on regional determinants of entry and exit. It also investigates the importance of the differences in industry structure for differences in entry and exit rates across regions. The fourth chapter uses the theory of product life cycle to investigate how knowledge intensity differs in entering and exiting firms in different stages of the product life cycle. The fifth and last essay focuses on the importance of firm demography, in terms of firm size and age, for the decision to perform process R&D, product R&D or combine process with product R&D.

根據KPMG的研究顯示(2014)，生技製藥廠商間的合作是產業發展的趨勢，但合作的目的已經從原先的降低成本，發展到加速創新的產生。眾多國際製藥公司已經與外部夥伴進行合作，其中合作研發最能發揮合作夥伴間的效用，越緊密的合作越能使得合作網絡中多樣化的技術、能力結合，從而增強對於未被滿足醫療需求的理解。由此可見，跨國研發合作成為全球生技製藥廠商的企業策略。過去已有許多學者研究我國科技產業與國際廠商之研發合作，但甚少探究生技製藥廠商與國際生技製藥廠商間的研發合作。 本研究選定具有跨國研發合作豐富經驗的台灣生技製藥廠商為研究對象，探討其企業策略、核心能力及跨國研發動機如何影響跨國研發合作的管理。本研究從跨國研發合作影響因子以及跨國研發合作管理之內容兩個構面探討台灣生技製藥廠商與國際生技製藥廠商進行研發合作的互動關係。研究方法採取多重個案研究法，文獻探討部分包含生技製藥產業、企業策略與核心能力、國際研發合作、合作夥伴篩選因素、知識移轉與智財管理，研究者結合研究問題與文獻回顧導出觀念性研究架構，再依研究架構為主軸進行個案訪談與資料收集，實地深入訪談我國兩家生技製藥廠商，得出以下結論： 本研究發現，台灣生技製藥廠商與國際生技製藥廠商研進行發合作的動機一致，為降低及分散風險、分攤固定成本、技術與資源的互補與移轉、夥伴間營運策略的互補與相容性。篩選合作夥伴的主要考量也大致相同，包含資源及技術的互補、過往合作經驗、夥伴間營運策略的互補及相容性及財務能力。另外核心技術能力會影響台灣生技製藥廠商與合作夥伴合作起始的階段，研發合作起始階段的差異，更會影響知識移轉機制、以及合作方式的不同。另外，本研究也發現到，台灣生技製藥廠商在國際合作夥伴上的選擇會以不具直接競爭關係者為主，且與合作夥伴選擇以營業秘密的方式來保護技術知識。 / According to the research of KPMG in 2014, R&D collaboration between biopharmaceutical firms is the trend of biopharmaceutical industry. Under the circumstance of globalization, product life-cycles are gradually shortening. The purpose of R&D collaboration change from cost reduction to speeding up innovation. Therefore, multinational R&D collaboration has become a global business strategy for biopharmaceutical firms. Most of the past studies of multinational R&D collaboration focus on ICT industry in Taiwan. Few specially investigate biopharmaceutical industry. Consequently, a research gap can be found as multinational R&D collaborating between biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan and biopharmaceutical firms of other countries. This research focus on the biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan, explore how multinational R&D collaboration influence factors (business strategy, core competencies and the motivation of multinational R&D collaboration) affect multinational R&D collaboration management of firms. This research adopts two biopharmaceutical firms in Taiwan as case studies and conducts interviews with managers to understand multinational R&D collaboration influence factors and multinational R&D collaboration management. The conclusions of this research are as below: This research finds out that the motivations of multinational R&D collaboration of Taiwan firms are coincident, including cost reduction, diversification of risk, resources and technologies complementarity. The evaluations of partner selecting are also coincident, including resources and technologies complementarity, collaboration experience, operating strategy complementarity and financial capability. In addition, core competencies may affect the initiation stage of R&D collaboration and the initiation stage of R&D collaboration may affect the mechanisms of knowledge transfer and the way of multinational collaboration. Moreover, this research also found out that the biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan might primarily choose to collaborate with international partners who have indirect competitive relationship with them. Last, the biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan and their partners protect their intellectual property in the way of trade secret.

近年來，研究廠商創新之觀點，從以往之產業群聚移轉至網絡演化，然而，影響網絡形成與演化之因素於以往探討廠商創新能力的相關文獻中較少受到關注，而合作，即為網絡關係的一種型態。從個體的角度觀之，廠商的合作行為往往面臨資訊不對稱的情形，因此本研究從廠商資訊不對稱的觀點出發，引入管理學門中訊號理論(signaling theory)的觀點，解構廠商訊息以及廠商過去所累積的社會資本與研發合作網絡建立之關聯性。並探討不同型態的空間地域屬性對於合作網絡的形成是否有所影響。 本研究以台灣ICT廠商為研究對象，該產業不僅在我國經濟發展的過程中扮演重要的角色，於世界的資訊科技產業鏈中亦占有一席之地。並且有著技術上需要持續創新，並且注重分工合作的特性。資料蒐集採用二手資料的方式，建立近似於整體性的廠商技術網絡資料以及廠商基本屬性資料，分析方法以社會網絡分析法、Pair-t檢定以及卜瓦松迴歸模型進行假說驗證。實證分析結果顯示廠商訊息的揭露對於合作網絡的建立有正面影響效果，並且廠商對於研究發展的相關訊號-研發資產的投入，有助於吸引其他廠商和其建立合作網絡的關係；而廠商於過去累積的網絡地位亦有助於合作網絡的形成。最後在空間地域屬性方面，實證結果顯示空間地域屬性對於廠商合作網絡的建立存在影響效果，創新氛圍較強的產業地域有助於廠商研發合作網絡的建立；此外，廠商若位於高網絡密度的產業群聚內部亦有助於其建立合作網絡，顯示廠商區位的挑選對於其外部網絡關係存在影響效果。 / In recent year, the research topic of firm's innovation is transformed from industry cluster to network evolution. However, the factor of network evolution was less mentioned in past research , and the cooperation activity is one type of network relationship.From the perspective of the individual , firm often faces the condition of information asymmetry , while cooperating with others. So our research begin with this problem, and we introduce signaling theory to understand the relation between R&D alliance and firm’s signal or social capital and also discuss whether different types of geography character have the effect on R&D alliance formation. This research concerns Taiwan’s ICT industry as study object. Taiwan’s ICT industry not only plays an important role in Taiwan’s economic development but also is a key part of the global ICT industry chain. Besides, ICT industry has the character of technical innovation and work division, so the firm’s cooperation behavior is important.We use secondary data to build the database, using SNA, pair-t test and poisson regression to analyze. The result shows that the information reveals a positive effect on alliance formation. In addition, firms investing in the property of research and their accumulating of network position in the past have the positive effect on R&D alliance formation. Finally, the result also shows that firm located on high-innovation and high network density environment is more easily to help them find the R&D alliance partner. It shows that firm’s choice of location affects the outside network relation.