Les performances d’un système de reconnaissance de formes dépendent en bonne partie de la qualité de l’image segmentée. Malgré les progrès effectués, une segmentation complète (c’est-à-dire avec des contours entiers) ne peut pas être toujours atteinte. Dans un premier temps, nous nous plaçons dans le cas où seulement certaines parties de la forme entière sont disponibles. D’abord, afin d’assurer l’invariance des parties de formes aux transformations géométriques, nous développons une méthode d’optimisation de l’analyse procustéenne qui consiste à retrouver les points extrémités optimaux qui minimisent la distance de Procutse. Ensuite, nous proposons une approche de reconnaissance de parties de formes et une approche de reconnaissance de formes partielles. Ces deux approches, basées-contour, sont fondées sur un recalage robuste entre les parties de formes. La méthode de recalage proposée consiste à optimiser une mesure de similarité basée sur les géodésiques dans l’espace de formes. Ainsi, nous exploitons le résidu du recalage pour définir une nouvelle métrique pour la reconnaissance de parties de formes. Puis, nous décrivons une stratégie de combinaison avec cette même métrique pour la reconnaissance de formes partielles. Par la suite, nous proposons d’utiliser la distance géodésique proposée pour la reconnaissance des parties de formes dans la définition d’une métrique globale pour la reconnaissance de formes entières. Les tests de reconnaissance (classification et recherche) sont effectués sur des parties requêtes et des formes entières de la base d’images MPEG-7, puis sur des images réelles segmentées. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent la supériorité de nos méthodes par rapport aux autres méthodes de l’état de l’art. / The quality of the segmentation process directly affects the performance of the shape recognition. Despite the progress that has been made, it is often unreachable to segment the entire object (i.e. closed contour). In fact, only some parts/fragments of objects can be detected. We first develop a new alignment method based on Procrustes analysis in order to ensure invariance of shape parts to geometric transformations (translation, rotation and scale factor). The proposed method consists in finding optimal extremities which minimize the Procrustes distance. Then, we propose a shape part recognition approach and a partial shape recognition approach. These two contour-based approaches are based on matching between shape parts to compare. This matching process consists in establishing a robust registration between shape parts based on geodesics in the shape space. Thus, we exploit the registration residual to define a novel distance for shape part recognition. Later, for partial shape recognition, we describe a geodesics-based combining strategy with the same distance. As well, we propose to use the geodesics distance proposed for shape part recognition to define a global distance for entire shape recognition. Experiments are carried out on parts of shapes and entire shapes of theMPEG-7 database, then on parts issued from segmented real images. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed recognition schemes. The proposed approaches are shown to significantly outperform previous works for classification and retrieval applications.

Este trabalho estuda a possibilidade de se adicionar funções de detecção e registro de eventos, que afetam a qualidade de energia elétrica, aos medidores eletrônicos de faturamento. A presença destes medidores na grande maioria dos consumidores ligados à média tensão transforma este recurso em uma poderosa ferramenta de análise. A existência de canais de comunicação remota nestes medidores facilita a coleta dos dados e seu armazenamento. Estes dados transferidos para sistemas com alta capacidade de processamento permitem uma análise mais precisa dos eventos que ocorrem em toda a rede. Foram consideradas as limitações dos medidores de faturamento quanto à sua capacidade de processamento, memória e taxa de amostragem. Os eventos que podem ser detectados com estes medidores ficam restritos a variações de tensão de curta duração (VTCDs) e transitórios oscilatórios de baixa freqüência. As funções criadas para registro de eventos podem ser usadas para registro de sinais em regime permanente, aumentando a capacidade de diagnóstico e análise da qualidade da energia elétrica em locais da rede. São utilizadas como técnicas de detecção de eventos: as variações dos valores eficazes, a decomposição de sinais, a Norma Euclidiana Instantânea (NEI) e a transformada wavelet (TW). / This work shows the possibility to add new functions for detection and registration of disturbances that affect power quality to electronic billing meters. The widespread installation of these meters in the power network makes this resource a powerful analysis tool. Remote communication channels in these meters create an easy way for reading and registering such power quality events. Data transferred to powerful processing systems allow accurate analysis of events occurring in the power grid. The limitations on billing meters, namely processing resources, memory availability and sampling rate, were taken into account. Despite these limitations, the electronic meters can handle short duration voltage events and low-frequency oscillatory transients. Those new functions can also be used for registering steady state phenomena, extending the ability to diagnose power quality problems throughout the power network. Techniques like RMS variations, signal decomposition, instantaneous Euclidian norm and wavelet transform were used for detection of the considered power quality events.

Accounts of sexual abuse appear daily in the media. Rightfully, this issue demands attention. Juveniles may be victims; they may also be offenders who are subject to sex offender registration and notification (SORN) policies. Growing research finds that SORN policies fail to achieve intended public policy outcomes. Little is known, however, about the unintended consequences of SORN for juvenile offenders. This study contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of these policies on this population. Merton's concept of manifest and latent functions of purposive social action and an alternate non-criminogenic form of Lemert's secondary deviance proposition provided the theoretical framework. Research questions focused on whether a relationship exists between sex offender registration for a juvenile offense and severity of depression in current and former registrants after maturation into adulthood, and whether the relationship persists. A quantitative causal-comparative study was conducted using self-reported survey data from a non-probability sample of 59 registrants. Multiple regression analysis found SORN had a significant positive predictive relationship to severity of depression in adults currently registering for a juvenile offense as compared to former registrants, and the control group of those never registered, as measured by the Public Health Questionaire-9. A significant persistent depressive effect was not found in former registrants. Findings validate concerns that SORN may have iatrogenic effects for juvenile offenders; these findings also suggest that alternate, non-criminogenic forms of secondary deviancy appear to be associated with this policy. This understanding of the net effects of SORN informs policy decision makers and has social change implications for future sexual abuse prevention policies that may have greater likelihood of efficacy.

Psychologue(s) clinicien(s), confrontés aux solutions inventées par les sujets pour trouver à se loger dans le lien social à l’adolescence, force est de constater l’existence de pannes au moment de ce franchissement. La prééminence du discours résultant du mariage de la technoscience et du marché pourrait en être la cause. Ces ravages postmodernes s’expriment particulièrement dans le champ de l’enfance en danger. La prise en compte de la parole semble impossible dans ces institutions gagnées elles aussi par l’illusion de l’immédiat au détriment de la subjectivité. L’adolescent ne serait plus en danger mais réduit à ses troubles de conduites dangereuses ou déviantes. La protection de l’enfance pourrait-elle redevenir une adresse, le lieu d’une clinique opérante? Cette pratique, à l’opposé de toute orthopédie, viserait la rectification subjective, comme définie par Lacan. Les effets de cette clinique ne surviendraient qu’à la condition d’une écoute singulière orientée par la psychanalyse. Tel est ce que cette recherche s’efforce de démontrer à partir de la clinique d’adolescents accueillis « en protection de l’enfance ». / Clinical psychologist(s), we are dealing with the solutions invented by those in adolescence to find to find accommodation in the social link. Force is to note breakdowns at that crossing time. The preeminence of consequences from marriage of technoscience and market could be the cause. These postmodern ravages are particularly expressed in the field of child welfare system. Taking into account of speaking seems impossible in these institutions also won by the illusion of the immediacy at the expense of subjectivity. Teenager would no longer be in danger but reduced to his dangerous or deviant conduct disorders. Could the child welfare system become an address again, a place of an operating clinic? This practice, contrary to any orthopedic, would seek subjective rectification, as defined by Lacan. Effects of this clinic occur only under the condition of a singular listening driven by psychoanalysis. This is what this research tries to demonstrate from the clinic of teenagers welcomed in child welfare system.

Professional development of beginning teachers through induction and mentoring has been commonly viewed as important for teachers' success and continuation in the teaching profession. Induction and specifically mentoring programs focus attention on transitions from one stage of teacher development to another. The three phases of teacher development are initial teacher education, known as pre-service, the induction phase and the ongoing teacher in-service education. The move from student to teacher is the most demanding change in learning to teach. The beginning teacher in this change must adjust from thinking and acting as a student, absorbed with his or her own learning and performance, to thinking and acting as a teacher, accepting responsibility for the learning and performance of others. Beginning teachers are fully engaged in this essential development, and mentoring programs are purposely intended to support them through this period of change. This study has established that beginning teachers in Papua New Guinea (PNG) do experience challenges in the first few months of teaching but these issues lapse over time with the support and assistance of mentors/supervisors. Mentoring has great potential for group effort and transformational teacher learning within schools as professional learning communities. In order for mentors to perform their tasks well and draw benefits from mentoring, appropriate support and training for mentors is recommended. As well as support and training, other incentives for mentors such as salary increments and reduced teaching loads would be a welcome step to enhancing induction and mentoring programs in PNG primary schools.

This thesis presents new approaches to image registration and super-resolution mosaicing as well as their applications. Firstly, a feature-based image registration method is proposed for a multisensor surveillance system that consists of an optical camera and an infrared camera. By integrating a non-rigid object tracking technique into this method, a novel approach to simultaneous object tracking and multisensor image registration is proposed. Based on the registration and fusion of multisensor information, automatic face detection is greatly improved. Secondly, some extensions of a gradient-based image registration method, called inverse compositional algorithm, are proposed. These extensions include cumulative multi-image registration and the incorporation of illumination change and lens distortion correction. They are incorporated into the framework of the original algorithm in a consistent manner and efficiency can still be achieved for multi-image registration with illumination and lens distortion correction. Thirdly, new super-resolution mosaicing algorithms are proposed for multiple uncompressed and compressed images. Considering the process of image formation, observation models are introduced to describe the relationship between the superresolution mosaic image and the uncompressed and compressed low-resolution images. To improve the performance of super-resolution mosaicing, a wavelet-based image interpolation technique and an approach to adaptive determination of the regularization parameter are presented. For compressed images, a spatial-domain algorithm and a transform-domain algorithm are proposed. All the proposed superresolution mosaicing algorithms are robust against outliers. They can produce superresolution mosaics and reconstructed super-resolution images with improved subjective quality. Finally, new techniques for super-resolution sprite generation and super-resolution sprite coding are proposed. Considering both short-term and long-term motion influences, an object-based image registration method is proposed for handling long image sequences. In order to remove the influence of outliers, a robust technique for super-resolution sprite generation is presented. This technique produces sprite images and reconstructed super-resolution images with high visual quality. Moreover, it provides better reconstructed low-resolution images compared with low-resolution sprite generation techniques. Due to the advantages of the super-resolution sprite, a super-resolution sprite coding technique is also proposed. It achieves high coding efficiency especially at a low bit-rate and produces both decoded low-resolution and super-resolution images with improved subjective quality. Throughout this work, the performance of all the proposed algorithms is evaluated using both synthetic and real image sequences.

Includes bibliographical references. The origins of the Torrens System of land registration are not clear. Examines the claim of Dr. Ulrich Hübbe who asserted that he collaborated with Torrens to bring about the adoption of the land law of his hometown Hamburg in the form of the Real Property Act 1858 (SA). An historical examination (collecting and analysing all relevant historical sources), shows that it is likely that Hübbe was the actual draftsman, while a comparative legal analysis (contrasting Hamburg's land law at the beginning of the 19th century with the first bill of the Act) demonstrates that there is a strong similarity between Hamburg's land registration system and the original Torrens System; and, that the outstanding differences between the systems can be explained by the natural adaptation processes which are implied by the adoption of laws.

在資源有限，欲望無窮的情況下，分工合作與交易是人類為求生存必然採取的經濟活動。Buchanan(1975)認為若要達到交換的利益，即須有財產權(property right)的保障。新制度經濟學者認為，財產權的本質是一種排他性的權利，而政府基於其暴力潛能，在保護財產權方面，具有相對優勢，而成了保護財產權的組織。我國憲法第十五條規定：「人民之生存權、工作權及財產權，應予保障。」，明白指出保障人民財產權是政府的必要任務之一。 我國土地登記制度依民法第七百五十八條及第七百五十九條規定，正是政府界定財產權之後，於土地市場自行運作下，為執行保障財產權之輔助制度或正式規則。基於財產權保障之重要性，究竟土地登記制度如何保障不動產財產權？發揮什麼樣的功能？在什麼情況下，財產權會受到侵害？土地登記制度應如何有效保障財產權？值得進一步研究。 本研究以檢討現行土地登記制度保障財產權之功能，促使其能更有效保障財產權為研究目標，首先探討土地登記制度對財產權保障之基本理念，及該制度於財產權保障之執行機制及所發揮之功能，再藉由過去土地登記制度於財產權保障上之變遷，發掘財產權保障之課題，並輔以實務上所發生危害財產權之具體個案，分析危害財產權之原因，最後得到以下結論：登記要件主義、總登記、土地權利變更登記及土地登記絕對效力等機制具有確定產權、維護及保障交易安全，減少耗租行為、提供投資誘因、降低交易成本(transaction cost)，促成交易達成，進而提高經濟效益之積極功能。此外，限制登記、實質審查、異議案件列管、權利書狀之設置、更正登記、塗銷登記及損害賠償等機制能防免侵害財產權事件之發生或彌補因執行不力對權利人所造成之侵害，具有保障財產權之消極功能。 土地登記制度雖具有上述保障財產權之功能，但仍有未臻完善之空間，例如在正式規則方面，規定不明確或缺乏規定、缺乏協商機制及忽略解決問題所採用手段之交互性質(reciprocal nature)及未考量對整體經濟效益之影響，是對財產權保障不完全之主要因素。而在執行機制方面，登記審查人員自身效用函數、衡量及監督成本、其他制度之執行及與土地登記制度聯繫之緊密程度，則為影響執行機制對財產權保障之重要因素。故本研究建議在正式規則方面，應建立協商機制並注意交互性質問題及規定之明確性；在執行機制方面，建議運用代理理論(Principal-Agent Theory)之誘因機制及採用電腦科技及網路聯結，以提升土地登記制度保障財產權之功能。以上建議，期能提供政府未來改進土地登記制度，增進其對不動產財產權保障功能之參考。

近年來由於國內經濟之持續成長，證券市場的交易也日益活絡，因此藉著在證券市場發行證券的方式來籌措資金，以便從事大規模經營的公司家數也越來越多。隨著股票上市申請案件的增加，證交所上市部負責股票上市案件審查人員的升遷、調職及離職，精通審查程序的證券專家便相對的稀少。為加速申請案件之審查、保留證券專家的工作經驗與知識、及訓練新進人員，發展專家系統是值得一試的措施。 在人工智慧領域中，專家系統技術已成為由實驗理論進入商品化的一種技術，為人工智慧技術中較為成熟的一環。國外已經有不少成功的應用專家系統實例，國內各單位目前對於人工智慧的研究，也多半集中在專家系統的開發上。然而，擷取領域專家的知識及經驗，並由這些知識及經驗架構而成的知識庫，是專家系統的主體。因此，本研究目的有二：一、收集相關資料，整理出在股票上市案件審查程序上的知識與經驗，並以恰當的知識表示法轉換成電腦程式。二、利用GoldWorks Ⅲ在個人電腦上設計一個專家系統的雛型系。 本研究已經運用專家系統建構工具GoldWorks Ⅲ建構完成輔助股票上市案件審查的專家系統雛型，本雛型系統包含了兩大子系統：(1)分類子系統，(2)審查準則子系統。經由本研究之探討及系統實際設計，可得以下結論：ぇ經系統評估的結果發現，將專家系統之觀念與技術應用在輔助股票上市案件審查過程上是可行的；え將股票上市案件審查所需的專業知識及經驗予以形式化後，並以規則基礎知識表示法設計成知識庫，保存在電腦系統中。因此，如果審查人員都在系統的引導之下作出合理的判斷，當能提高股票上市案件審查判斷結果的一致性。(3)透過本研究專家系統雛型之執行及解釋，使得經過適當訓練的非專家，亦能享受專家的知識及經驗，亦可藉以輔助股票上市案件審查專業人才的培訓。(4)使用專家系統建構工具設計系統雛 型，能快速的在短期間內建立一個雛型系統，應該是未來應用的主流。

戶政與戶籍檔案可提供基本的人口資料，以供政府決策或學術研究，也能作為法律及證據憑證，保障人民權利與義務。因為戶政與戶籍檔案特殊的功能，其檔案的典藏管理方式，與國家檔案和機關行政檔案不盡相同。我國戶籍登記，以「戶」為單位，戶政事務所記錄每一位國民從出生到死亡一生動態的資料，而各地區的戶政機關對於戶政與戶籍檔案典藏、管理的方法，也與一般行政檔案的管理方式有所區隔。 　　本論文主要探討戶政與戶籍檔案的典藏管理，藉由深度訪談，以臺北市和新北市的戶政事務所為訪談對象，輔以簡單的問卷調查，瞭解國內戶政機關對於戶政與戶籍檔案典藏管理之情況與問題，並訪問檔案行政主管機關之意見，同時參考國內外相關規範與做法提出建議。 　　根據研究成果，本論文提出五點建議：（一）釐清戶政機關對檔案定義之歧見；（二）移轉戶政與戶籍檔案；（三）改善戶政與戶籍檔案典藏環境；（四）加強戶政人員檔案管理教育；（五）輔導戶政機關進行檔案數位化作業。 / Household archives can provide basic demographic information for government decision-making and academic research, but also as legal evidence, which protect people's rights and duties. Because household archives special features, the repository and management system of household archives is different form national archives and administrative archives. Household registration use the "family" as a unit in Taiwan, and household archives record each citizen's living information. Different household registration offices have different methods for repository and management. 　　This paper aims to investigate archival repository and management of household archives in Taiwan. The in-depth interview and questionnaire survey are pursued for understanding the situations and problems of archival repository and management at household registration offices in Taipei and New Taipei City. The opinions of household archives administrators and experts are summarized and refer to the literature review for proposing the conclusions and suggestions. 　　There are five suggestions as follows. 1) To clarify different household archives definition in household registration offices; 2) To transfer the household archives to National Archives Administration; 3) To improve the household archival repository and environment; 4) To enhance the education of household staffs on archival management; 5) To assist household archives digitalization.