A arquitetura distributiva da Internet amplia as possibilidades de produção e transmissão de recursos educacionais livres (REL). Assim, a pesquisa focaliza a implantação de repositórios de recursos educacionais livres (RREL) em instituições públicas de ensino superior, de maneira a garantir a integridade, a qualidade e a disponibilidade desses recursos no ciberespaço. Nesta perspectiva, identificam-se os fatores intervenientes para consecução desse objetivo, a partir da perspectiva de professores conteudistas na modalidade EaD. Para tanto, adota-se a pesquisa qualitativa e como técnica de coleta de dados, a entrevista. Com base no conjunto de respostas dos professores investigados, a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo, são elaboradas recomendações para implantação e expansão de RREL no ensino superior. Os resultados apontam que na dimensão governamental se deve:a) incentivar a adoção de licenças abertas para a elaboração de REL, b) fomentar investimentos públicos para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas nessa área c) alocar recursos financeiros de forma constante e crescente na implantação de infraestrutura tecnológica de ponta em nível nacional; na dimensão institucional é necessário: a)promover amplo debate,de modo a elaborar diretrizes para formulação de política com o objetivo de implantar RREL e b) desenvolver programas de incentivos e benefícios para progressão acadêmica do docente; na dimensão informacional a) incentivar o trabalho colaborativo com a constituição de equipe multidisciplinar e b) estimular a participação das bibliotecas universitárias na gestão dos conteúdos. Busca-se, assim, expandir os RREL de maneira compartilhada com vistas à inovação e ao aprimoramento da educação superior no país / The distributive architecture of Internet expands the possibilities for production and transmission of open educational resources (OER). Thusthe research focuses on the deployment of open content repositories (OCR) in public institutions of higher education in order toensure the integrity, quality and availability of these resources in cyberspace. In this perspective are identifiedthe intervenient factors which contribute to achieve that goal, from the approach of teachers who prepare educational content in distance learning mode. Therefore, we adopt a qualitative research and the interview, as data collection. Based on the set of responses from teachers, analyzed using the technique of content analysis,are prepared recommendations for implementation and expansion OCR in higher education. From the scope of government the results show following needs: a) to encourage the adoption of open licenses for the development of OER, b) to promote public investments for the development of research in this area and c) to invest in deploying computing infrastructure and adequate network at national level. ; on institutional dimension we pointed out: a)to promote broad discussion in order to develop guidelines for policy formulation to implementation of OCR and b) to develop incentive programs and benefits for teaching academic progression and on informational dimension we observed: a) to stimulate collaborative work with the establishment of a multidisciplinary team and b) to include universities libraries in content management .Thus the aim is to expand RREL in a shared view in order to innovate and improve the higher education in the country

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Objetos de Aprendizagem (OA) sÃo recursos digitais utilizados tanto para auxiliar os professores em sala de aula na transmissÃo de conceitos como para facilitar a compreensÃo dos mesmos pelos alunos. No entanto, esses recursos possuem limitaÃÃes que acabam por restringir os ganhos resultantes de sua utilizaÃÃo. Uma delas està relacionada a capacidade limitada de abertura desses recursos, fato que impede os professores, por si prÃprios, de adaptÃ-los Ãs suas necessidades pedagÃgicas. Essa ideia de adaptaÃÃo comunga com o desejo de compartilhamento e democratizaÃÃo de informaÃÃo e conhecimento pregados pelo movimento dos recursos educacionais abertos (REA). No entanto, para efetuar as adaptaÃÃes dentro da filosofia desse movimento, as estratÃgias existentes de abertura desses recursos requerem que os professores tenham acesso aos cÃdigos fontes e conhecimento para realizar tais adaptaÃÃes. Outro problema dos OA està relacionado aos processos de desenvolvimento empregados que nÃo consideram a multidisciplinaridade das equipes que os produzem. No intuito de minimizar essas limitaÃÃes, conceitos de Engenharia de Software sÃo utilizados neste trabalho para propor uma estratÃgia de adaptaÃÃo de recursos digitais, especificamente de OA, denominada de CustomizaÃÃo Guiada. Essa estratÃgia tem por objetivo possibilitar a indicaÃÃo, em tempo de projeto, dos elementos que podem ser manipulados pelos professores diretamente na interface dos recursos. AlÃm disso, ao utilizar um processo de desenvolvimento de software orientado a modelos, que possui uma linguagem especÃfica de domÃnio, a comunicaÃÃo entre os membros da equipe à facilitada. Para implementar a estratÃgia proposta, uma ferramenta de autoria (CLO Studio) à desenvolvida e utilizada para avaliar tanto o desenvolvimento de um OA customizÃvel (OAC), atravÃs da anÃlise da manipulaÃÃo do CLO Studio por uma equipe de desenvolvimento de OA, quanto a sua utilizaÃÃo, atravÃs da anÃlise do uso desse tipo de recurso por professores. Os resultados mostram que o processo de desenvolvimento dos OAC tanto estimula a cooperaÃÃo dos profissionais da equipe de desenvolvimento quanto facilita a comunicaÃÃo entre eles. AlÃm disso, a utilizaÃÃo desse tipo de recurso possibilita uma maior autonomia dos professores, abrindo novas oportunidades em suas prÃticas docentes.

Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA) podem ser definidos como materiais de ensino, aprendizagem e pesquisa, em qualquer meio de armazenamento, que estão amplamente disponíveis por meio de uma licença aberta que permite reuso, readequação e redistribuição sem restrições ou com restrições limitadas. Atualmente, diversas instituições de ensino e pesquisa têm investido em REA para ampliar o acesso ao conhecimento. Entretanto, os usuários ainda têm dificuldades de encontrar os REA com os mecanismos de busca atuais. Essa dificuldade deve-se principalmente ao fato dos mecanismos de busca na Web serem genéricos, pois buscam informação em qualquer lugar, desde páginas de vendas até materiais escritos por pessoas anônimas. De fato, esses mecanismos não levam em consideração as características intrínsecas de REA, como os diferentes padrões de metadados, repositórios e plataformas existentes, os tipos de licença, a granularidade e a qualidade dos recursos. Esta dissertação apresenta o desenvolvimento de um mecanismo de busca na Web especificamente para recuperação de REA denominado SeeOER. As principais contribuições desta pesquisa de mestrado consistem no desenvolvimento de um mecanismo de busca na Web por REA com diferenciais entre os quais se destacam a resolução de conflitos em nível de esquema oriundos da heterogeneidade dos REA, a busca em repositórios de REA, a consulta sobre a procedência de dados e o desenvolvimento de um crawler efetivo para obtenção de metadados específicos. Além disso, contribui na inclusão de busca de REA no cenário brasileiro, no mapeamento de padrões de metadados para mecanismos de busca na Web e a publicação de uma arquitetura de um mecanismo de busca na Web. Ademais, o SeeOER disponibiliza um serviço que traz um índice invertido de busca que auxilia encontrar REA nos repositórios dispersos na Web. Também foi disponibilizada uma API para buscas que possibilita consultas por palavras chaves e o uso de palavras booleanas. A forma de validação em mecanismos de busca na Web, como um todo, e de forma quantitativa e específica por componentes foi feita em grau de especialidade. Para validação de qualidade foram considerados 10 participantes com grupos distintos de escolaridade e área de estudo. Os resultados quantitativos demonstraram que o SeeOER é superior em 23.618 REA indexados em comparação a 15.955 do Jorum. Em relação à qualidade o SeeOER demonstrou ser superior ao Jorum considerando a função penalizada e o score utilizada nesta pesquisa. / Open Educational Resources (OER) has been increasingly applied to support students and professionals in their learning process. They consist of learning resources, usually stored in electronic device, associated with an open license that allows reuse, re-adaptation and redistribution with either no or limited restrictions. However, currently the Web search engines do not provide efficient mechanisms to find OER, in particular, because they do not consider the intrinsic characteristics of OER such as different standards of metadata, repositories and heterogeneous platforms, license types, granularity and quality of resources. This project proposes a Web search engine, named SeeOER, designed to recover OER. Main features of SeeOER are: schema-level con ict resolution derived from the heterogeneity of OER, search for Brazilian OER repositories, query considering data provenance and the development of an effective crawler to obtain specific metadata. In addition, our project contributes to the inclusion of the search OER research issues in the Brazilian scenario, to the mapping of metadata standards to Web search engine. In addition, SeeOER provides a service which internally has an inverted index search to find the OER which is different from traditional Web repositories. We also provide an API for queries which make it possible to write queries based on keywords and boolean. The validation of the search engine on the Web was both qualitative and quantitative. In the quantitative validation it was observed in level of specialty of the search engines components. In conclusion, the quality and quantitative results experiments showed that SeeOER is superior in OER indexed 23,618 compared to 15,955 the Jorum. In relation to the quality SeeOER shown to be superior to Jorum 27 points considering the metric used in project.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2016-07-05T18:39:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ANA_SENNA_FINAL.pdf: 4168949 bytes, checksum: 582b7ce6ab4b8476f9373f8d4d6229a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T18:39:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ANA_SENNA_FINAL.pdf: 4168949 bytes, checksum: 582b7ce6ab4b8476f9373f8d4d6229a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / O presente trabalho faz uma análise da geração de capital social, capital cultural e os recursos educacionais na Biblioteca Comunitária Paulo Coelho, das favelas “Pavão-Pavãozinho/Cantagalo”, no Rio de Janeiro. O capital social está associado às estratégias para aquisição de recursos através das interações sociais e as bibliotecas possuem características que podem criar esses recursos. Tendo como fundamentação teórica do capital social os autores Pierre Bourdieu, James Coleman e Robert Putnam, foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica detalhada sobre biblioteca e leitura. A hipótese levantada nesta pesquisa é de que uma comunidade que dispõe de uma biblioteca, no modelo cívico, pode desenvolver capital social e com isso proporcionar aos seus usuários capital cultural e recursos educacionais. Nosso objetivo foi identificar como é criado e como se distribui o capital social na Biblioteca Comunitária Paulo Coelho, do Complexo do Pavão-Pavãozinho/Cantagalo, no Rio de Janeiro. Esta pesquisa tem uma abordagem qualitativa com uma estratégia de estudo de caso. Como métodos e técnicas de coleta de dados são utilizadas a entrevista, a observação, a análise documental (virtual) e escolhemos as narrativas como procedimento de análise. Os resultados apontam que a Biblioteca Comunitária Paulo Coelho gera capital social e os recursos advindos dele como: capital cultural e educacional. Concluímos que a configuração da Biblioteca Comunitária Paulo Coelho favorece esse resultado, por ter essa biblioteca três vieses: escolar, infantil e comunitária. / This paper analyzes the generation of social capital, cultural capital and educational resources in Community Library Paulo Coelho, the Pavão- Pavãozinho/Cantagalo slum, in Rio de Janeiro. The capital is associated with strategies for acquiring resources through social interactions and libraries have features that can create these resources. With the theoretical basis of social capital the authors Pierre Bourdieu, James Coleman and Robert Putnam, a detailed literature review of library and reading was done. The hypothesis in this research is that a community that has a library, the civic model, can develop social capital and thereby provide their cultural capital and educational resources users. Our goal was to identify how it is created and how it distributes social capital by the Community Library Paulo Coelho, Complex Pavão- Pavãozinho/Cantagalo, in Rio de Janeiro. This research has a qualitative approach with a case study strategy. The methods and data collection techniques used in this work are interview, observation, document analysis(virtual) and, then the choice of the narratives as an analysis procedure. The results show that the Community Library Paulo Coelho generates social capital and the proceeds from it as cultural and educational capital. We conclude that the configuration of the Community Library Paulo Coelho favors this result, by having this library three configuration: school, children and community.

La thèse porte aussi bien sur les portails de ressources en accès libre sur le Web et l’introduction des technologies en éducation. Elle s’appuie sur une approche anthropologique du didactique qui s’intéresse à la diffusion des connaissances dans la société et qui offre un cadre de référence à l’analyse du fonctionnement de systèmes didactiques instrumentés par les technologies. Notre étude porte sur le dispositif Thermoptim-UNIT et son portail de ressources pédagogiques numériques diffusées en libre accès sur le Web. Pour étudier les effets de l’introduction de ce dispositif dans l’enseignement de la discipline, nous considérons d’abord la place de l’enseignement de la thermodynamique appliquée aux systèmes énergétiques dans la situation particulière de l’école MINES ParisTech, pour comprendre comment et sous quelles conditions et contraintes s’opèrent la diffusion et la transposition de cette science au niveau de la société. Nous examinons ensuite le rôle joué par l’introduction progressive des technologies éducatives dans l’enseignement de la discipline. Notre méthodologie s’appuie dans un premier temps sur l’analyse des traces de l’activité sur le portail, puis sur des enquêtes par questionnaires et entretiens auprès des utilisateurs. En s’intéressant plus particulièrement aux effets du dispositif sur le travail des enseignants, notre étude s’organise autour de deux axes de recherche majeurs : les effets du recours aux technologies et aux technologies éducatives sur la transposition didactique de la thermodynamique appliquée aux systèmes énergétiques, ainsi que les effets perceptibles et déclarés de l’utilisation du dispositif sur l’enseignement de la discipline. / This work lies within the framework both of a research on open access Web portals and of the introduction of educational technologies. It is based on the anthropological theory of the didactic that studies knowledge diffusion in society and offers a reference framework to analyse the functioning of didactic systems instrumented by technologies. Our research studies the Thermoptim-UNIT portal and its open access educational resources portal. In order to study the effects of introducing this educational setting on the teaching of the discipline, we first consider the situation of teaching thermodynamics applied to energetic systems in the specific context of MINES ParisTech graduate school, to understand how and under which conditions and constraints the diffusion and transposition of this science are operating in society. We then examine the role played by the progressive introduction of educational technologies on teaching the discipline. Our methodology first relies on the analysis of activity traces on the portal, then on questionnaire surveys and user interviews. Looking more specifically at the effects of the educational setting on teachers’ work, our study is organised into two major research axes: 1/ the effects of technologies and the use of learning technologies on the didactical transposition of thermodynamics applied to energetic systems; 2/ the perceptible and declared effects of the use of this setting for teaching the discipline.

The present study aims to understand the Open Educational Resources produced in the Pedagogy of the Federal University of Sergipe - Teachers Training Hub, in the years 2014 and 2015. The research was guided by the methodology of the case study, in which scope it developed A research of qualitative character, that was carried out with explanatory objective. Participants (scholars and supervisors of the Pibid/Pedagogia program, Campus UFS- Itabaiana) and a semi-structured press conference were used as instruments to collect data. The data interpretation was performed through content analysis, based on Bardin's (2011) benchmark. The results indicated that the Pibid program has been advancing since its inception in 2007, and is characterized by its relevance to scholarship holders and supervisors, as well as to the 30 de Agosto Municipal School. Regarding Open Educational Resources, it has been observed that there is still much to achieve to fully meet its objectives. In spite of this, it should be noted that the participants of this research made a significant contribution to the creation of the workshops, which were developed in this school, together with the children of the 1st and 5th grade class. Regarding teacher training, it was verified how important is the approach to this theme for the initial and ongoing training process, although it needs some urgent changes, starting with the curriculum of the Pedagogy Course. It was therefore concluded that it is necessary to maintain a continuous discussion on this subject, since research and authors point to its possibilities and advances, increasing in the educational scenario. / O presente estudo tem como objetivo compreender os Recursos Educacionais Abertos produzidos no Pibid-Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe – Eixo Formação de Professores, nos anos de 2014 e 2015. A pesquisa orientou-se pela metodologia do estudo de caso, em cujo âmbito desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, que se efetivou com objetivo explicativo. Adotou-se, como instrumentos para a coleta dos dados, a observação dos blogs e Facebook das participantes (bolsistas e supervisoras do programa Pibid/Pedagogia, Campus UFS-Itabaiana) e uma entrevista coletiva semiestrutura. Efetivou-se a interpretação dos dados por meio da análise do conteúdo, com base no referencial de Bardin (2011). Os resultados apontaram que o programa Pibid tem avançado desde seu surgimento, em 2007, caracterizando-se pela sua relevância para as bolsistas e supervisoras, bem como para a Escola Municipal 30 de Agosto. A respeito aos Recursos Educacionais Abertos, observou-se que ainda há muito a alcançar para atender plenamente seus objetivos. A despeito disso, cabe destacar que as participantes desta pesquisa deram significativa contribuição com a criação das oficinas, que foram desenvolvidas, nessa escola, junto às crianças da turma do 1° e do 5° ano. Sobre a formação docente, constatou-se quão importante é a abordagem dessa temática para o processo de formação inicial e continuada, ainda que precise de algumas mudanças urgentes, a começar pelo currículo do Curso de Pedagogia. Chegou-se, portanto, à conclusão que se torna necessário manter uma contínua discussão sobre esse assunto, uma vez que pesquisas e autores apontam para suas possibilidades e avanços, cada vez maior, no cenário educacional.

Open Educational Resources (OER) nehmen seit einiger Zeit einen hohen Stellenwert in Bildungsdebatten ein. OER sind Inhalte, Materialien oder ganze Kurse, die kostenfrei genutzt, geteilt, verändert und in veränderter Form verteilt werden können. Die Idee einer Bildung für alle wird hier angeführt, wobei häufig das humboldtsche Bildungsideal mitschwingt. Gleichzeitig treten OER in einer Zeit der ökonomischen Vereinnahmung der Bildung auf, die unter dem Stichwort der Ökonomisierung der Bildung behandelt wird. Unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln, Konkurrenz und Leistungsanreize sind Anzeichen dieses Umbaus. Es stellt sich die Frage, wie diese sich widersprechenden Entwicklungen zusammenpassen. Sind OER ein Teil des ökonomistischen Umbaus oder stehen sie für eine Wende hin zu einer emanzipatorisch-humanistischen Bildung? Diese Frage wird besonders vor dem Hintergrund interessant, dass es auch wirtschaftsnahe Akteure sind, die sich für den Einsatz von OER aussprechen. Die Arbeit zielt darauf zu untersuchen, wie OER in diesem Spannungsfeld positioniert werden. Um das Themenfeld zu erschließen, bedient sich die Arbeit der Diskursanalyse. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass mit OER enorme Erwartungen verbunden werden, was sich beispielsweise an der Vielzahl von Aussagen zeigt, die in OER eine Möglichkeit sehen das Bildungswesen zu optimieren. Dies belegt auch die narrative Struktur, die von (urheberrechtlichen) Problemen im Bildungswesen ausgeht und denen mit OER begegnet werden kann. Häufig schließen sich Äußerungen zu den Potenzialen von OER an. Genannt werden die Optimierung des Bildungswesens durch OER, pädagogische Potenziale, revolutionäre Potenziale und gesteigerte Wertschöpfungsmöglichkeiten. Insgesamt nehmen Aussagen zur Optimierung des Bildungswesens den größten Raum ein. Hierbei wird auf Effizienzsteigerungen, verbesserte Gebrauchs- und Nachnutzungsmöglichkeiten, Rechtssicherheit, Marketingeffekte und die Entlastung des Lehrpersonals verwiesen. Es zeigt sich weiterhin, dass OER im Diskurs überwiegend positiv betrachtet werden. OER, so die Interpretation, gelten als positiv und sind unter allen Umständen zu nutzen. Bestärkt werden diese Forderungen mit dem Verweis, im Wettbewerb zu versagen, wenn OER nicht zum Einsatz kommen. Besonders stark vertreten sind Äußerungen, die sich auf die Potenziale beziehen und von mehr Effizienz, Effektivität und Verwertungsmöglichkeiten sprechen. Gerade diese Punkte sind es, die nahelegen, dass OER als Mittel konstituiert werden, das der Ökonomisierung des Bildungswesens in die Hände spielt. OER gelten als Möglichkeit, das Lernen, Lehren und das Bildungswesen im Allgemeinen zu effektivieren sowie Profilbildung zu betreiben und Eigeninitiative und Leistungsfähigkeit zu steigern – Aspekte, die unter ökonomistischen Vorzeichen gefordert werden. Die Nutzung von OER vor dem Hintergrund eines humanistisch-emanzipierten Bildungsverständnisses tritt in den Hintergrund. Dabei sind genau dies die Aspekte, die im Diskurs vertreten sein sollten, um der Ökonomisierung des Bildungswesens zu begegnen. Mit OER, so die These, ließen sich im Bildungswesen Werte vermitteln, die Humanismus und Emanzipation jenseits von Verwertungsinteressen erlauben. Hierauf sollte der Fokus gerichtet werden, um die Möglichkeiten von OER nutzen zu können und sie nicht durch eine Seite zu vereinnahmen.

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der lernerorientierten Entwicklung von mobilen Bildungsmedien am Beispiel einer ePortfolio-Lösung und eines Kompetenzchecks für die duale Ausbildung. Nach dem Ansatz des Design Based Research (DBR) werden diese Bildungsmedien zur Verbesserung der Ausbildungsqualität in gewerblich-technischen Berufen in engem Dialog mit den zukünftigen Anwendern1, den Ausbildern, Auszubildenden, Lehrern und Meistern entwickelt und erprobt. Das Ziel der forschenden Entwicklung ist die Stärkung des lernenden Individuums im Prozess der Aneignung und Reflexion von Wissen und Können. Bei der Entwicklung der hier vorgestellten ePortfolio-Lösung wird aufgezeigt, wie qualitative Methoden aus dem Ansatz der agilen Softwareentwicklung (User Stories, Crowdtesting) den DBR-Ansatz im Hinblick auf eine gesteigerte Nutzerakzeptanz implementiert werden können.

This master's thesis is devoted to the peculiarities of using electronic educational resources at the initial stage of teaching German grammar to adults. The paper considers the features of teaching adults a foreign language in the framework of language courses, the psychological characteristics of adults who study a foreign language in courses, the use of electronic educational resources for teaching foreign language grammar. The quantitative and qualitative classification of grammatical errors of adult students was carried out according to such parameters as the primary structure of grammatical errors (types) the whole contingent of students; the degree of their frequency, typicalness, the main reasons for their occurrence; the relative structure of errors in each group; the proportion of grammatical errors in individual groups; the dynamics of changes in the relative structure of errors in a particular group at different stages of training in the course with the allocation of dominant types of dynamics: stability/instability of different types of errors. Based on the classification of grammatical errors formed in the course of classes aimed at familiarizing with grammatical phenomena, exercises for differentiation, transformation, and substitution exercises with the use of LearningApps, Kahoot! and Quizizz, aimed at teaching German grammar at the initial stage. In the course of experimental research on German language courses for adults in the framework of the Local public organization " National and cultural autonomy of the Germans of the city It was found that in the experimental and control groups, with a significant difference in the total number of errors, their dynamics is such that in the middle of the course, errors become less than they were at the beginning: in the experimental group, we observe a jump in grammatical errors by 5.3 times, in the control group - by 1.2 times, i.e. the order of reducing speech errors in these groups differs significantly. At the same time, it should be noted that the overall error density indicator decreases by the end of the training course. In the experimental group, the decrease in error density is very significant and indicates an increase in the volume of statements and a decrease in the number of errors, which is proof of the effectiveness of the developed exercises aimed at teaching German grammar at the initial stage. Grammar exercises developed in the course of this study using the electronic educational resources LearningApps, Quizizz and Kahoot! they can be used at the initial stage of teaching a foreign language in the framework of language courses and non-linguistic faculties of higher educational institutions. / Настоящая магистерская диссертация посвящена особенностям использования электронных образовательных ресурсов на начальном этапе обучения взрослых грамматике немецкого языка. В работе рассмотрены особенности обучения взрослых иностранному языку на языковых курсах, психологические особенности взрослых, изучающих иностранный язык, применение электронных образовательных ресурсов для обучения грамматике иностранного языка. Была осуществлена количественная и качественная классификация грамматических ошибок взрослых обучающихся по таким параметрам, как первичная структура грамматических ошибок (по видам) у всего контингента обучающихся; степень их частотности, типичности, основные причины возникновения; относительная структура ошибок в каждой группе; удельный вес грамматических ошибок в отдельно взятых группах; динамика изменения относительной структуры ошибок в отдельно взятой группе на разных этапах обучения в рамках курса с выделением доминирующих типов динамики: устойчивость/неустойчивость разных видов ошибок. На основании классификации грамматических ошибок, сформированной в ходе занятий, были разработаны упражнения с применением LearningApps, Kahoot! и Quizizz, направленные на обучение грамматике немецкого языка на начальном этапе. В ходе опытно-поисковой работы на курсах немецкого языка для взрослых, было выявлено, что в экспериментальной и контрольной группах при значительном различии в общем числе ошибок их динамика такова, что в середине курса ошибок становится меньше, чем было в начале: в экспериментальной группе мы наблюдем скачкообразное уменьшение грамматических ошибок в 5,3 раза, в контрольной группе - в 1,2 раза, т.е. порядок снижения ошибочности речи в этих группах существенно различается. При этом, следует отметить, снижение общего показателя плотности ошибок к концу курса обучения. В экспериментальной группе снижение плотности ошибок весьма значительно и свидетельствует о росте объема высказываний и снижении количества ошибок, что является доказательством эффективности применения разработанных упражнений, направленных на обучение грамматике немецкого языка на начальном этапе. Разработанные в ходе данного исследования грамматические упражнения с использованием электронных образовательных ресурсов LearningApps, Quizizz и Kahoot! могут быть использованы на начальном этапе обучения иностранному языку в рамках языковых курсов в центрах дополнительного образования и нелингвистических факультетов высших учебных заведений.

This study aimed to visualize how and when teachers in civics can use digital techniques and tools. A discussion concerning digital literacy took place to clarify the concept. Questions that were investigated include:  -          How and when can teachers work with digital tools in teaching? -          How can civics teachers prepare students for digital citizenship?  -          How is digital literacy perceived among students?  -          How is digital literacy perceived among teachers?    Through interviews, data was collected. The results show that civic teachers should prepare students to become responsible citizens who can make reasonable decisions in the future, whether online or in real life. To do so, knowledge is needed about the student's digital literacy. The teachers must constantly update themselves with new technology to vary the workload. Society and the school subject of civics are constantly renewed, and digital tools are becoming more common in Swedish schools. A mixture of analogue and digital tools is in favor of learning outcomes.    Further, there is a mixed vision of the perceived digital literacy amongst the students. The study revealed that female teachers estimated digital literacy among the students to be higher than men's perception. The result can be related to the teachers' digital interests, whereas men declare their digital interests as good, while women declare their digital interests as limited and necessary. Digital tools can be used in every teaching phase and in different ways to create a variation of lesson planning. AI tools are a relatively new area and need more research. / <p>Godkänd 2024-01-19</p>