In der nuklearmedizinischen Bildgebung mit Anger-Kameras wird ein höheres Auflösungsvermögen durch Limitierung der Nachweiseffizienz erreicht. Compton Cameras können die Nachweiseffizienz mittels elektronischer Kollimation, die zur Ortsbestimmung die Compton-Kinematik anwendet, erhöhen. Ein alternativer Ansatz für die Konstruktion einer Compton Camera, die Streu- und Absorptionsebenen in einer Ebene kombiniert, wurde in der Vergangenheit untersucht. Die sogenannte Single Plane Compton Camera ist in der Lage, Punktquellen im Vakuum getrennt aufzulösen. Zur Darstellung komplexerer Bildinhalte wird die Optimierung der Bildrekonstruktion angestrebt. Diese umfasst ein umfängliches Verständnis des Messprinzips, das in dieser Arbeit dargelegt wird. Jeweils ein 3D-Rekonstruktionsalgorithmus wurde für konventionell gebinnte und List-Mode-Daten implementiert. Anhand eines vorliegenden Simulationsdatensatzes einer einfachen Detektorkonfiguration wurden Messdaten generiert und rekonstruiert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass aufgrund der hohen Zählstatistik ein robustes Signal-to-Noise-Ratio erhalten wird. List-Mode-Verfahren eignen sich aufgrund eines höheren Rechenaufwandes nicht. Die mittlere Ortsinformation der Ereignisse ist systembedingt gering und beeinträchtigt die Ortsauflösung, welche für E = 662 keV etwa 15 mm in einem Abstand von 50cmm beträgt. Eine Verbesserung der Auflösung ist durch die Algorithmen nicht möglich, sondern umfasst technische Maßnahmen, welche anhand dieser Arbeit in weiteren Studien umgesetzt werden können.:1 Einleitung 2 Single Plane Compton Imaging 3 Bildrekonstruktion beim Single Plane Compton Imaging 4 Materialien und Methoden 5 Ergebnisse 6 Diskussion 7 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Selbstständigkeitserklärung A Herleitung des ML-EM Algorithmus B Tiefergehende Informationen zu OE C C++-Code für die Bildrekonstruktion beim SPCI / In nuclear medicine imaging, the Anger camera imposes a limit on the detection efficiency in order to improve the spatial resolution. The detection efficiency can be increased with electronically collimated systems known as Compton Cameras, which use the kinematics of Compton scattering to locate the detected events. An alternative approach to the design of a Compton Camera combining scatter and absorption planes was investigated in the past. It was shown that the so-called Single Plane Compton Camera is able to separately reconstruct two point sources in empty space. Further optimization is required to reconstruct more complex images. Thus, an extensive understanding of the measurement principle is provided. Two 3D-algorithms were implemented for binned data and list mode data. Measurement data were generated by means of an existing simulated data set of a simple detector design and reconstructed. It is shown that a robust signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved due to high numbers of detected counts. List mode algorithms produce high computational costs and binned algorithms may be used instead. The average position information is low and imposes a negative impact on the spatial resolution, which is about 15mm at a distance of 50mm for E = 662 keV. The implemented algorithms cannot increase the spatial resolution due to lack of precise position information. Therefore, future studies should focus on technical measures, which are given in this thesis.:1 Einleitung 2 Single Plane Compton Imaging 3 Bildrekonstruktion beim Single Plane Compton Imaging 4 Materialien und Methoden 5 Ergebnisse 6 Diskussion 7 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Selbstständigkeitserklärung A Herleitung des ML-EM Algorithmus B Tiefergehende Informationen zu OE C C++-Code für die Bildrekonstruktion beim SPCI

Title: Ensemble Kalman filter on high and infinite dimensional spaces Author: Mgr. Ivan Kasanický Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Daniel Hlubinka, Ph.D., Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Consultant: prof. RNDr. Jan Mandel, CSc., Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Abstract: The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a recursive filter, which is used in a data assimilation to produce sequential estimates of states of a hidden dynamical system. The evolution of the system is usually governed by a set of di↵erential equations, so one concrete state of the system is, in fact, an element of an infinite dimensional space. In the presented thesis we show that the EnKF is well defined on a infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space if a data noise is a weak random variable with a covariance bounded from below. We also show that this condition is su cient for the 3DVAR and the Bayesian filtering to be well posed. Additionally, we extend the already known fact that the EnKF converges to the Kalman filter in a finite dimension, and prove that a similar statement holds even in a infinite dimension. The EnKF su↵ers from a low rank approximation of a state covariance, so a covariance localization is required in...

Title: Effect of acid-base equilibria on the association behaviour of polyelec- trolytes Author: Roman Staňo Department: Department of physical and macromolecular chemistry Supervisor: RNDr. Peter Košovan, Ph.D., Department of physical and macro- molecular chemistry Abstract: Macromolecules bearing charged monomeric units are omnipresent in the nature. Living systems utilize complex mechanisms to regulate the charge on biomacromolecules, hence controlling their structure or activity. Recently, there has been a surge in the preparation of bioinspired macromolecular mate- rials, such as drug delivery systems or self-healing hydrogels, possessing a high degree of responsivity to the external stimuli, such as pH. However, the fundamen- tal understanding of pH-based charge regulation in both natural and synthetic systems seems to be lacking, presumably because of the deficiency of suitable theoretical models and computational methods. Herein, we used coarse-grained simulations to shed light on the underyling physical principles of the relation between the pH, ionization, multivalency and structure of macromolecules. We presented a novel model of complex coacervates, and used it to describe phase equilibria and ion partitioning in such systems. Next, we explored the effects of multivalent ions and charged...

The need for automated methods for identifying refactoring items is prelevent in many software projects today. Symptoms of refactoring needs is the concept of code smells within a software system. Recent studies have used single model machine learning to combat this issue. This study aims to test the possibility of improving machine learning code smell detection using ensemble methods. Therefore identifying the strongest ensemble model in the context of code smells and the relative sensitivity of the strongest perfoming ensemble identified. The ensemble models performance was studied by performing experiments using WekaNose to create datasets of code smells and Weka to train and test the models on the dataset. The datasets created was based on Qualitas Corpus curated java project. Each tested ensemble method was then compared to all the other ensembles, using f-measure, accuracy and AUC ROC scores. The tested ensemble methods were stacking, voting, bagging and boosting. The models to implement the ensemble methods with were models that previous studies had identified as strongest performer for code smell identification. The models where Jrip, J48, Naive Bayes and SMO. The findings showed, that compared to previous studies, bagging J48 improved results by 0.5%. And that the nominally implemented baggin of J48 in Weka follows best practices and the model where impacted negatively. However, due to the complexity of stacking and voting ensembles further work is needed regarding stacking and voting ensemble models in the context of code smell identification.

Soar! is a musical composition written for wind ensemble and computer music. The total duration of the work is approximately 10 minutes. Flocking behavior of migratory birds serves as the most prominent influence on the imagery and local structure of the composition. The cyclical nature of the birds' journey inspires palindromic designs in the temporal domain. Aesthetically, Soar! portrays the fluid shapes of the flocks with numerous grains in the sounds. This effect is achieved by giving individual parts high degree of independence, especially in regards to rhythm. Technically, Soar! explores various interactions among instrumental lines in a wind ensemble, constructs overarching symmetrical structures, and integrates a large ensemble with computer music. The conductor acts as the leader at several improvisational moments in Soar! The use of conductor-initiated musical events in the piece can be traced back through the historic lineage of aleatoric compositions since the middle of the twentieth century. [Score is on p. 54-92.]

Syftet med studien är att ta reda på vilka motivationsfaktorer som elever i olika ensembler på kulturskolan erfar och om det skiljer sig något mellan fokusgrupperna. Bakgrundskapitlet belyser litteratur och tidigare forskning inom området motivation, instrumentalspel och gruppsykologi. Arbetets vetenskaps- och kunskapsteoretiska utgångspunkter är interpretativism och konstruktionism. Studiens teoretiska perspektiv är fenomenologi med inriktning mot livsvärldsperspektivet. Studiens forskningsmetod innefattar semistrukturerade interjuver med fyra olika fokusgrupper från fyra olika ensembler på kulturskolan. Materialet analyserades utifrån tematisk analysmetod. I analysen av resultatet har två övergripande teman, sociala- och musikaliska faktorer, framkommit. De sociala faktorerna berör elevers erfarande av att det är att umgås med vänner i ensemblen, träffa människor i olika åldrar, ha en god relation med sina lärare och att ha eget ansvar i ensemblen. Det framkom också att musicera tillsammans, att utvecklas på sitt instrument, lära sig av varandra och att medverka i konsertsamanhang var motiverande faktorer för att spela i ensemble. Ett antal icke motiverande faktorer framkom även bland annat tidsbrist, för svåra eller lätta låtar, olika åsikter i ensemblen och att vänner slutar i ensemblen. Skillnader gällande synen på medbestämmande, ensemblens funktion och medverkan på konserter har också framkommit. Avslutningsvis diskuteras, i förhållande till tidigare presenterad litteratur och forskning inom området, betydelsen av det sociala umgänget, musikaliska upplevelsen, medbestämmandet och tidsbristen. / The purpose of this study is to find out what motivational factors pupils in different ensembles at the cultural school experience and if there is any difference between the focus groups. The background chapter illustrates literature and previous research in the area of ​​motivation, instrumental playing and group psychology. The work's scientific and knowledge theoretical principles are interpretativism and constructionism. The theoretical perspective of the study is phenomenology with a focus on the life-world perspective. The study's research method includes semi-structured interviews with four different focus groups from four different ensembles at the culture school. The material was analyzed based on the thematic analysis method. In the analysis of the result, two overarching themes, social and musical factors, have emerged. The social factors affect students' experience of being with friends in the ensemble, meeting people of different ages, having a good relationship with their teachers and having their own responsibility in the ensemble. It also emerged that playing music together, developing on their instrument, learning from each other and participating in concert contexts were motivating factors for playing in an ensemble. A number of non-motivational factors also emerged including lack of time, too difficult or easy tunes, different opinions in the ensemble and that friends quit the ensemble. Differences regarding the view of co-deciding the function of the ensemble and participation in concerts have also emerged. Finally, the results are discussed in relation to previously presented literature and research in the field. The significance of social interaction, musical experience, co-determination and lack of time was discussed in the concluding chapter.

In Part I of this thesis, I examine the use of Latin American rituals, ceremonies, and traditional folklore as conceptual and compositional material; studying and re-contextualizing concepts, cultures, and ideologies, and introducing them to foreign audiences. I explore issues such as laptop improvisation, interaction with other performance forces, and the utilization of the social elements of non-western celebrations, as explored in Clestrinye, a work for live and fixed electronics, mixed ensemble, dancers, and painters.

Das bereits in Bachs Kantate BWV 134 angelegte dialogische Prinzip verschärft die Kölner Schriftstellerin Carola Moosbach in ihrem poetischen Kommentar zu konfrontativ gegeneinander gesetzten Aussagen von lapidarer Kürze. Diese werden in der Vertonung auf den zunächst ausschließlich einstimmig singenden Chor und die beiden Solisten verteilt. Die schroffe Gegenüberstellung kurzer, sich inhaltlich im Widerspruch zueinander befindlicher Phrasen wird auch von der Komposition durch starke Kontraste vollzogen. Jedoch werden die einzelnen Abschnitte, die den Gedichtzeilen entsprechen, im weiteren Verlauf zunehmend länger; die Wechsel zwischen den verschiedenen musikalischen Charakteren erfolgen daher in größeren Abständen. So nimmt die letzte Textzeile, an der Chor und Solisten gemeinsam beteiligt sind, mehr als ein Drittel der gesamten Spieldauer von gut sechs Minuten in Anspruch. Das dialogische Prinzip wird in einigen (vorrangig) rein instrumentalen Abschnitten auch auf die Gegenüberstellung von Bläsern und Streichern übertragen, die im raschen Wechsel agieren. Zu Johann Sebastian Bachs Vorlage hat die Komposition keinerlei konzeptionelle oder motivische Berührungspunkte. In zweierlei Hinsicht wird dies besonders deutlich: 1. Die Orgel pausiert die meiste Zeit, sie ist also kaum Continuoinstrument. Ihr erster Einsatz findet erst zu Beginn des ausgedehnten Schlussabschnitts statt, dann aber solistisch. 2. Im Gegensatz zu seinen meisten anderen Kantaten verzichtet Bach in BWV 134 auf einen Choral. Durch die Entscheidung, den Schlussabschnitt als Choralfantasie über „Christ ist erstanden“ (EG 99) zu gestalten, wird im vorliegenden Kantatensatz der im poetischen Kommentar kaum greifbare Bezug zu Ostern wesentlich verstärkt. Aus „Osterzweifel“ wird am Ende „Osterhoffnung“ oder auch „Osterzuversicht“. (Matthias Drude)

Title: Effect of acid-base equilibria on the association behaviour of polyelec- trolytes Author: Roman Staňo Department: Department of physical and macromolecular chemistry Supervisor: RNDr. Peter Košovan, Ph.D., Department of physical and macro- molecular chemistry Abstract: Macromolecules bearing charged monomeric units are omnipresent in the nature. Living systems utilize complex mechanisms to regulate the charge on biomacromolecules, hence controlling their structure or activity. Recently, there has been a surge in the preparation of bioinspired macromolecular mate- rials, such as drug delivery systems or self-healing hydrogels, possessing a high degree of responsivity to the external stimuli, such as pH. However, the fundamen- tal understanding of pH-based charge regulation in both natural and synthetic systems seems to be lacking, presumably because of the deficiency of suitable theoretical models and computational methods. Herein, we used coarse-grained simulations to shed light on the underyling physical principles of the relation between the pH, ionization, multivalency and structure of macromolecules. We presented a novel model of complex coacervates, and used it to describe phase equilibria and ion partitioning in such systems. Next, we explored the effects of multivalent ions and charged...

Syftet med denna studie var att sammanställa aktuell och relevant forskning inom ensembleundervisning på grundskola och gymnasium. Vidare så ämnade studien att genom detta identifiera den i den sammanställda forskningen mest framträdande lärandeteorin. För att uppnå syftet enligt ovan, formulerades följande frågeställningar: Hur framställs ensembleundervisning på grundskola och gymnasium i svensk, musikpedagogisk forskning? Vilka epistemologiska perspektiv blir synliga i svensk, musikpedagogisk forskning om ensembleundervisning i grundskola och gymnasium i Sverige? Frågeställningarna besvarades genom att genomföra en systematisk litteraturstudie, där forskning valdes ut och sammanställdes efter tydliga kriterier för att sedan tolkas med hjälp av en hermeneutisk analysmetod. Samtliga av de inkluderade forskningsstudierna visade på ett eller annat sätt att den svenska ensembleundervisningens natur främst grundar sig i musiklärarnas erfarenheter av att arbeta som musiker, samt att ensembleundervisningen medvetet eller omedvetet utformas för att förbereda eleven för musikerns roll, uppgift och arbete i samhället. En sådan utformning av undervisningen visar sig såväl gynna som missgynna elever på ett betydande sätt. När ovan beskrivna musikerkontext som grund för undervisningen sattes i relation till tidigare forskning, läroplansteori och kunskapsteori, synliggjordes epistemologiska perspektiv på ensembleundervisningen i form av en teknisk-instrumentell kunskapssyn, social effektivitet, techne samt pragmatism.