[pt] Esta pesquisa analisa a dificuldade que os alunos de Faculdades de Design de Moda do Rio de Janeiro demonstram na transposição das representações mentais (ideia) para a representação real (desenho), redundando em um produto final, a roupa, desvinculado da representação mental inicial. Nossa hipótese é a de que a maioria carece de experimentar com reflexão, de perceber o todo e as partes que o constituem, de ser incentivado a explorar e desenvolver suas competências, ampliando suas habilidades, desenvolvendo uma visão holística do processo do Design de Moda. O ponto de partida deste estudo foi a experiência da autora, em sala de aula, fazendo uso da observação, da investigação e da identificação, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevista e questionário, dos fatores que impedem o trânsito livre no processo de construção de uma roupa. Assim, o objetivo é propor subsídios facilitadores a partir de uma metodologia que visa propiciar a autonomia e consequente liberdade do aluno em um processo que envolve a Prática aliada à Teoria, na tríade proposta: ideia – desenho – produto, à luz do ver, do perceber e do construir. Tendo como suporte a aplicação de algumas técnicas artísticas, a partir de constante experimentação, buscou-se promover, num primeiro momento, a liberação de aspectos que bloqueiam a criatividade e que ampliam a visão espacial. Concluímos também que é necessário desenvolver conhecimentos de técnicas/arte de Modelagem, de Desenho Técnico, de Costura, que influenciarão na materialização da ideia, representada no Desenho/Ilustração de Moda. / [en] This research analyzes the difficulty that students from Faculties of Fashion Design in Rio de Janeiro demonstrate in transposing mental representations (idea) to real representation (drawing), resulting in a final product, clothing, unrelated to the initial mental representation. Our hypothesis is that the majority needs to experiment with reflection, to perceive the whole and the parts that constitute it, to be encouraged to explore and develop their skills, expanding their skills, developing a holistic view of the Fashion Design process. The starting point of this study was the author s experience, in the classroom, making use of observation, investigation and identification, from bibliographic research, interview and questionnaire, of the factors that prevent free transit in the process of building a clothes. Thus, the objective is to propose facilitating subsidies based on a methodology that aims to provide the student s autonomy and consequent freedom in a process that involves Practice allied to Theory, in the proposed triad: idea - design - product, in the light of seeing, of perceiving and building. Based on the application of some artistic techniques, based on constant experimentation, we sought to promote, at first, the release of aspects that block creativity and expand the spatial view. We also concluded that it is necessary to develop knowledge of techniques / art in Modeling, Technical Drawing, Sewing, which will influence the materialization of the idea, represented in Fashion Design / Illustration.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

<p> As space exploration continues to advance, so does the drive to inhabit celestial bodies. In<br> order to expand our civilization to the Moon or even other planets requires an enormous amount of research and development. The Resilient Extra-Terrestrial Habitat Institute is a NASA funded project that aims to develop the technology needed to establish deep-space habitats. Deep-space inhabitation poses many challenges that are not present here on earth. The Moon, for example, has temperatures that range from -233−123°C. Aside from the extreme temperatures, a variety of thermal loads will need to be handled by the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS). Aside from the research and architecture of the International Space Station’s ECLSS, very little information is known about disturbances related to the thermal management of extra- terrestrial habitats.<br> </p> <p>RETHi is developing a Cyber-Physical Testbed (CPT) that represents a one-fifth scale<br> prototype of a deep space habitat. In order to answer difficult research questions regarding ECLSS and thermal management of a deep-space habitat, a heat pump was modeled and validated with the physical part of the CPT. Once validated, the heat pump model is able to accurately predict the steady state behavior given the indoor and outdoor conditions of the testbed. When coupled with the interior environment (IE) model, it gives insight into the system’s requirements and response. Experimental testing was conducted with the heat pump in order to validate the model. After the model was validated, a series of parametric studies were conducted in order to investigate the effects of varying thermal loads and dehumidification. Since the groundwork was laid through model development and experimentation, future work consists of designing a more versatile heat pump to test a variety of disturbance scenarios. Although the heat pump model is specifically designed for the CPT, it proves to be versatile for other closed and pressurized environments such as aircraft and clean rooms according to the analysis of dehumidification and dependence on pressure. </p>

[pt] No contexto atual, de um mundo cada vez mais digital, os fazeres manuais sofrem um isolamento no que diz respeito ao ato de projetar. Partindo de autores como Adélia Borges (2011), Tomás Maldonado (2009) e Richard Sennett (2013), temos o plano de fundo para começar a entender as relações entre o fazer manual e os preconceitos existentes em relação a tais práticas. Por sua vez José Luiz Ripper (apud COUTO, 1991) e Lorraine Wild (2015) defendem a importância de manualidades como parte fundamental do processo de Design. A presente dissertação expõe, uma investigação sobre tal fazer e a sua importância no ato de projetar. Com foco específico no uso e apropriação dos laboratórios de ensino práticos como complemento ao ensino teórico, e as habilidades manuais como ferramenta de desenvolvimento do aluno durante a sua formação como designer. Valendo-se da metodologia da prática reflexiva definida por Donald Schön (2000), entendemos as práticas manuais experimentais, como sendo fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do aluno de Design, onde o fazer e o analisar durante todo o processo se tornam partes indissociáveis. Para o desenvolvimento da dissertação realizamos uma pesquisa de natureza aplicada, com uma abordagem qualitativa. Executando uma pesquisa de tipologia exploratória que se apropriou dos procedimentos de pesquisa bibliográfico, pesquisa de campo e pesquisa-ação. Com o intuito de alcançar o objetivo geral de propor a experimentação prática no âmbito dos laboratórios de ensino, como forma de construção de repertório. / [en] In the current context of an increasingly digital world, manual making is isolated from Design. Taking advantage of authors such as Adélia Borges (2011), Tomás Maldonado (2009) and Richard Sennett (2013), we have the background to begin to understand the relationship between manual making and existing prejudices regarding such practices. In turn José Luiz Ripper (apud COUTO, 1991) and Lorraine Wild (2015) argue the importance of manual practices as a fundamental part of the Design process. This dissertation presents an investigation about manual making and its importance in the act of designing. With specific focus on the use and appropriation of practical teaching laboratories as a complement to theoretical teaching, and manual skills as a student development tool during their training as a designer. Using the methodology of reflexive practice defined by Donald Schön (2000), we understand experimental manual practices as fundamental to the development of the Design student, where doing and analyzing throughout the process become inseparable parts. For the development of the dissertation we conducted a research of an applied nature, with a qualitative approach. Performing an exploratory typology research that appropriated the procedures of bibliographic research, field research and action research. In order to achieve the general objective of proposing practical experimentation within the teaching laboratories, as a form of repertoire construction.

In this paper, a roll stability controller (RSC) is presented based on an eight degree of freedom dynamic vehicle model. The controller is designed for and tested on a scaled vehicle performing obstacle avoidance maneuvers on a populated test track. A rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm is used for the vehicle to execute a trajectory around an obstacle, and examines the geographic, non-homonymic, and dynamic constraints to maneuver around the obstacle. A model predictive controller (MPC) uses information about the vehicle state and, based on a weighted performance measure, generates an optimal trajectory around the obstacle. The RSC uses the standard vehicle state sensors: four wheel mounted encoders, a steering angle sensor, and a six degree of freedom inertial measurement unit (IMU). An emphasis is placed on the mitigation of rollover and spin-out, however if a safe maneuver is not found and a collision is inevitable, the program will run a brake command to reduce the vehicle speed before impact. The trajectory is updated at a rate of 20 Hz, providing improved stability and maneuverability for speeds up to 10 ft/s and turn angles of up to 20°.

[pt] Esta é uma investigação em torno de possibilidades de ativação de potências poéticas individuais através da experimentação visual e suas implicações no contexto do ensino de graduação em Design. Ela apresenta uma reflexão em torno de processos criativos, trabalhando com a questão norteadora de que o investimento simultâneo na literacia visual, no conhecimento da História da Cultura e no exercício de práticas reflexivas que trabalhem a visualidade no ensinoaprendizagem, pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da autopoiese do indivíduo. O processo apresentado tem como objetivo estimular os agentes envolvidos a encontrarem suas potências poéticas e, desse modo, envolve a experimentação visual da própria pesquisadora. Para tanto, trabalharemos com os autores que vão de Paulo Freire, Bell Hooks e Jorge Larrosa Bondía, a Ailton Krenak e Humberto Maturana, passando por Geroges Didi-Huberman e Jacques Rancière. Artistas como Robert Rauchenberg, Francis Alÿs, Vija Celmins, Janine Antoni e Marcelo Moscheta acompanham o mergulho pessoal da autora em sua atividade poética a fim de atestar suas premissas de pesquisa. / [en] This is an investigation around possibilities of activation of individual poetic powers through visual experimentation and its implications in the context of undergraduate teaching in Design. It presents a reflection around creative processes, working with the hypothesis that the simultaneous investment in visual literacy, knowledge of the History of Culture and in the exercise of reflexive practices that work visuality in teaching-learning, can contribute to the development of the individual s autopoiesis. The process presented aims to stimulate the agents involved to find their poetic powers and, thus, involves the visual experimentation of the researcher herself. To this end, we will work with authors ranging from Paulo Freire, Bell Hooks and Jorge Larrosa Bondía, to Ailton Krenak and Humberto Maturana, as well as Georges Didi-Huberman and Jacques Rancière. Artists such as Robert Rauchenberg, Francis Alÿs, Vija Celmins, Janine Antoni and Marcelo Moscheta accompany the author s personal dive into her poetic activity in order to attest to the premises of her research.

The southern Appalachian Mountains have among the highest salamander diversity in the world, largely due to local speciation in the family Plethodontidae. Plethodontid salamanders (i.e., lungless salamanders) are particularly sensitive to habitat climate conditions due to their reliance on cutaneous respiration, and their immediate environmental conditions (microhabitat) likely influence their dispersion and activity more than the large-scale atmospheric conditions. The Northern Gray-cheeked salamander (Plethodon montanus) is restricted to high elevations in the Appalachian Mountains. Our goal was to investigate the relationship between P. montanus and its microhabitat by examining behavioral preference for climatic conditions, characterizing the microclimate with small-scale models, and testing for differences in stress hormones at different elevations. We found that behavioral preference is most restricted by relative humidity, microclimate models predicted far less prevalence at lower elevations than typical coarse-scale models, and stress hormones were elevated at a low elevation plot compared to a high elevation plot.

No description available.

The circular economy has during the last decade gained traction within academia, politics, and business as it is expected to promote sustainable economic growth and tackle resource scarcity. Further, established firms have to be sustainable to create a future return and be competitive. The circular economy can help firms reduce their environmental impact from business activities and enhance the value of resources. Yet, there is a general lack of understanding of the actions leading towards a circular economy and how the adoption of circular economy principles generates value in a business context. The literature argues that through experimentation of circular novelties, established firms can take the first steps in their transition towards a circular business. This thesis aims to contribute with novel empirical data to the literature field of circular economy, strategic niche management, and business model, where the research questions are framed to address the following purpose: explore how established firms experiment with circular economy and how this experimentation influences the firms’ value proposition and creation. To understand its value chain, the firm must realize its context by adopting a meso-level perspective. Grounded on the empirical setting, the empirical findings and the discussion, an analysis allow us to conclude ten propositions of how circular economy experimentation unfold within firms and how circular economy implementation at the micro-level impact the value chain. The propositions can be divided into three areas of contributions. First, the findings contribute with knowledge on how circular experimentation evolves within the established firm. Second, the thesis contributes with an increased understanding of how the circular economy experimentation within the established firms is affected by the surrounding sectoral actors. Third, the study makes analytical contributions of how circular economy experiments within the established firms influence their value proposition, creation, and capture. / Cirkulär ekonomi har under det senaste decenniet fått en stark attraktion inom den akademiska, politiska och industriella världen, eftersom den förväntas främja hållbar ekonomisk tillväxt och tackla den växande resursbristen. Fortsatt måste företag vara hållbara för att skapa framtida avkastning och för att vara konkurrenskraftiga. Dock finns det generellt en brist på förståelse för de åtgärder som leder till en cirkulär ekonomi samt hur implementeringen av cirkulär ekonomi principer genererar värde i ett affärssammanhang. Litteraturen hävdar att genom experimentering av cirkulära innovationer kan etablerade företag ta de första stegen i sin övergång till en cirkulär verksamhet. Avhandlingen syftar till att bidra med nya insikter till litteraturfältet cirkulär ekonomi, strategic niche management och affärsmodeller, där forskningsfrågorna är utformade för att adressera syftet med denna studie: utforska hur etablerade företag experimenterar med cirkulär ekonomi och hur detta påverkar företagens värde erbjudande och skapande. För att förstå dess värdekedja måste företag förstå sitt sammanhang genom att anta ett perspektiv på mesonivå. Den empiriska utformningen, de empiriska resultaten och diskussionen, tillåter oss att konkludera tio propositioner uppdelade i tre områden om hur experiment med cirkulär ekonomi utvecklas inom företag och hur implementering av cirkulär ekonomi på mikronivå påverkar värdekedjan. Således ger denna avhandling tre huvudsakliga bidrag. Först bidrar resultaten med kunskap om hur cirkulära experiment utvecklas inom det etablerade företaget. För det andra bidrar avhandlingen med en ökad förståelse för hur den cirkulär ekonomins experiment inom de etablerade företagen påverkas av de omgivande sektoriella aktörerna. För det tredje ger studien analytiska bidrag till hur experiment med cirkulär ekonomi inom de etablerade förtegen påverkas deras värde erbjudande, skapande och fångande.

The Supreme Court of the United States has recently determined that assigning students to schools and classrooms based on racial identity is unconstitutional. However, it also left the door open for further and different rulings. If researchers are able to show that lack of consideration of race has deleterious effects on federally mandated programs and initiatives, the ruling may be modified or opened up to specific circumstances. Among its many consequences, this ruling brings a focus onto the question of student-teacher matching in classrooms. Over the years, there has been a great deal of discussion in the literature about matching teacher and student by race, ethnicity, gender, and language. Some people claim that matching is crucial for student success while others dispute this claim. The current study examines the question of racial and ethnic matching empirically in the context of a large-scale randomized controlled study of an innovation for middle school mathematics learners. It extends the literature by (1) focusing on the relationship between student-teacher match and a specific, heavily documented situation with targeted learning goals, (2) adding information about Hispanic students to the discussion, and (3) helping evaluate factors that may be important in determining the validity of large-scale experiments. Alone and in conjunction with other similar empirical evidence, it will also have a significant effect on federal and state educational policy. The sample consists of the 92 teachers and 1576 7th grade students on 76 school campuses throughout 8 Texas regions who participated in the Scaling-Up SimCalc project. Teachers and students either used SimCalc Mathworlds™ curriculum and technology or a control for a two-week replacement unit. The crux of the current analysis was a match between aggregated and individual teacher and student characteristics and an inquiry into how these matches influence student math performance in the classroom within and between our experimental and control group. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) analysis was used to investigate the differences in student mathematics performance, modeled as students nested in classrooms nested in schools. / Ph. D.