[pt] Esta tese é composta por três artigos. O primeiro deles estuda os impactos de longo prazo de uma política de colonização implementada no estado de São Paulo. Ao final do século 19, quase 30 assentamentos coloniais foram criados no estado, colônias caracterizadas como vilas rurais, formadas por pequenos lotes de terra e povoadas por imigrantes europeus relativamente mais educados. Características únicas deste episódio nos permitem mostrar empiricamente que estes assentamentos estão associados ao desenvolvimento de longo prazo das regiões de colonização via especificamente o canal de capital humano. O segundo artigo examina em que medida choques idiossincraticos de precipitação durante o peródo de gestação afetam saúde infantil ao nascer e educação de alunos da escola primária no Semiárido nordestino. Os resultados mostram que choques climáticos adversos diminuem o peso ao nascer, e causam uma maior incidência de mortalidade infantil. Também encontramos impactos negativos sobre aprendizado, evasão e reprovação escolar. O terceiro artigo investiga o impacto da violência associada ao tráfico de drogas no Rio de Janeiro sobre o desempenho educacional em escolas mais expostas aos conflitos entre facções criminosas. Os resultados indicam que violência tem um impacto causal negativo sobre desempenho escolar em matemática, enquanto que nenhum efeito é encontrado sobre o desempenho em português. Também encontramos que a violência é associada a probabilidades mais altas de reprovação e evasão. / [en] This thesis is comprised of three empirical articles. The first article studies the long run development impacts of a colonization policy undertaken by public authorities in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. By the late 19th century, almost 30 settlement colonies were created across São Paulo, Neo Europes characterized as rural villages formed by small plots of land and populated by relatively higher-skilled European settlers. The unique features of this colonialism episode enable us to support empirically the view that settlement colonies fostered long run development of settled regions through improvements in early levels of human capital. The second article examines to what extent idiosyncratic weather patterns during the time in utero have affected infant health at birth and educational outcomes in the Semiarid Northeast Brazil.We build two parallel databases. The first one is a municipality by month of birth database that combines site-specific rainfall uctuations before birth with infant health and mortality rates. The second one combines the same weather outcomes with student level data on school attainment and achievement. We find statistically signifficant evidence that areas hit by negative rainfall uctuations experience higher incidence of low birth weight, preterm gestation and infant mortality rates. We also find that adverse rainfall uctuations when in utero are associated with lower academic test scores, higher incidence of delayed enrollment, dropout and grade repetition among young primary school students. The third article investigates whether and how armed conict among drug gangs in Rio de Janeiro s slums affect children s educational outcomes. We explore time and geographical variation in localized violent events in order to identify causal effects of exposure to violence on students achievement test scores and mobility across schools. We find that students from schools close to areas that experience more violence over time perform worse in standardized math exams, while no significant effect is found for language exams. Violence is also associated with higher grade repetition and dropout rates.

Background: The alcohol-attributable burden of disease is high among socially disadvantaged individuals. Interventional efforts intending to have a public health impact should also address the reduction of social inequalities due to alcohol. Objective: The aim was to test the moderating role of educational background on the efficacy of a computer-based brief intervention addressing the full spectrum of alcohol use. Methods: We recruited 1646 adults from the general population aged 18 to 64 years (920 women, 55.9%; mean age 31 years; 574 with less than 12 years of school education, 34.9%) who reported alcohol use in the past year. The participants were randomly assigned a brief alcohol intervention or to assessment only (participation rate, 66.9%, 1646/2463 eligible persons). Recruitment took place in a municipal registry office in one German city. All participants filled out a self-administered, tablet-based survey during the recruitment process and were assessed 3, 6, and 12 months later by study assistants via computer-assisted telephone interviews. The intervention consisted of 3 computer-generated and individualized feedback letters that were sent via mail at baseline, month 3, and month 6. The intervention was based on the transtheoretical model of behavior change and expert system software that generated the feedback letters automatically according to previously defined decision rules. The outcome was self-reported change in number of alcoholic drinks per week over 12 months. The moderator was school education according to highest general educational degree (less than 12 years of education vs 12 years or more). Covariates were sex, age, employment, smoking, and alcohol-related risk level. Results: Latent growth modeling revealed that the intervention effect after 12 months was moderated by educational background (incidence rate ratio 1.38, 95% CI 1.08-1.76). Individuals with less than 12 years of school education increased their weekly alcohol use to a lesser extent when they received the intervention compared to assessment only (incidence rate ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.05-1.62; Bayes factor 3.82). No difference was found between groups (incidence rate ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.84-1.07; Bayes factor 0.30) among those with 12 or more years of school education. Conclusions: The efficacy of an individualized brief alcohol intervention was moderated by the participants’ educational background. Alcohol users with less than 12 years of school education benefited, whereas those with 12 or more years did not. People with lower levels of education might be more receptive to the behavior change mechanisms used by brief alcohol interventions. The intervention approach may support the reduction of health inequalities in the population at large if individuals with low or medium education can be reached.

Bakgrund. Simning är en livsviktig kunskap och färskvara. Därför behöver förmågan underhållas livet ut. Simförmåga är inte ett binärt förhållningssätt, utan påverkas av olika förutsättningar. Exempelvis vattnets temperatur.  Syfte. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur sim- och vattenundervisning används i svenska gymnasieskolor och vilka utmaningar som påverkar dess implementering. Metod. Undersökningen är en kvantitativ webbaserad enkätstudie som genom ett stratifierat urval har besvarats av 135 idrottslärare på gymnasieskolor ifrån hela Sverige. Resultat. Resultatet påvisar att 75,6 % utav respondenterna använder någon form av simundervisning. Det är 25,9 % respondenter som enbart använder praktisk undervisning och 4,4 % som använder teoretisk. Flest lärare (45,2 %) använder bägge. Den praktiska undervisningen används vid få tillfällen, där majoriteten av lärarna använder det under genomsnittet (M = 3,01). Ett chi2-test (15,76; df = 3; p = 0,001) och ett Cramérs V (0,34) påvisade att det finns ett signifikant samband där kvinnor i en högre grad har ett uttalat intresse för sim- och vattenaktiviteter. De fem största utmaningarna i realiserings- och transformeringsarenan är tillgång till simhall/badplats, tidsaspekten, klassernas storlek, kroppsideal och genusaspekter. Livräddningsaktiviteter är den absolut vanligaste aktiviteten, följt utav traditionell motionssimning. Majoriteten av lärare kunde koppla ämnesplanen till simundervisningen. Kopplingen är dock svag och påverkar därför simundervisningens användande och utformning. Slutsats. Studiens resultat påvisar att nästan alla respondenter anser att simundervisning är viktigt. En stor andel av dem använder sim- och vattenundervisning i skolan och majoriteten av dem vill ha mer simundervisning. Yttre ramfaktorer och att det saknas starka kopplingar till ämnesplanen kan försvåra simundervisningens implementering i praktiken. / Background. Swimming is a lifesaving skill. It is a dynamic process that needs to be practiced throughout life. Swimming ability is not on a binary scale but on a continuum that depends on different factors, such as water temperature. Aim. This study aims to research the usage of swimming and aquatic education in upper-secondary Swedish schools and its challenging factors.  Method. The study uses a quantitative web-based survey that has been responded to by 135 upper-secondary school PEH teachers from all over Sweden through a stratified selection. Results. The results show that 75.6 % of the respondents use some form of aquatic education. Of the educators, 25.9 % only use practical swimming education, and 4.4 % use theoretical Aquatic education. Most of the respondents (45.2 %) use both. Swimming education is used on rare occasions, where most teachers use it below average (M = 3.01). A Chi2 test (15.76, df = 3, p = 0.001) and a Cramér’s V test (0.34) show that there is a statistically significant relationship that indicates that women tend to have a higher interest in aquatic activities than men. The five most common challenges for implementing aquatic education are in the transformation arena and the realization arena. These challenges include access to swimming facilities, time, class size, body image, and gender perspectives. The most common activity used is lifesaving, followed by traditional swimming. Most teachers could connect swimming to the curriculum. However, the connection was tenuous and affected the implementation of aquatic education in PEH. Conclusion. The result of the study shows that most teachers believe swimming education to be important. Many teachers use swimming education in school, and most of them want more of it. Factors such as the curriculum and distance to water make it challenging to implement swimming in education.

How do teachers’ attitudes and beliefs impact how HIV/AIDS education is implemented in Kenyan schools for the deaf? How do these attitudes and beliefs reflect how teachers think about Deafness? While there is extensive literature exploring in-school HIV/AIDS-related education in East Africa, there are few studies focusing on segregated schools for the deaf. There are also few studies exploring how educators think about Deafness as culture in this region. Western Kenya offers a useful site for the exploration of these topics with mandated, in-school HIV/AIDS curriculum and a high density of schools for the deaf. Related research also argues that teachers’ attitudes and beliefs and the politics of schooling are useful in exploring socio-cultural constructions of Deafness. While previous studies have argued that “Deaf-friendly” HIV/AIDS education is not occurring in this region, this study found examples in these schools. Data from this study also revealed that this education was shaped by the beliefs and attitudes teachers held about sexuality, and Deafness and sign language. Furthermore, this study found that these attitudes and beliefs revealed underlying beliefs about Deafness that illustrate a range of constructions within this group of teachers. This study spanned 15 weeks of fieldwork gathering data through interviews, questionnaires and observations with 81 participants. Data focused primarily on interviews and questionnaires with 43 teachers in three segregated schools for the deaf in the Nyanza and Western provinces. There were 8 Deaf teachers who participated from these school sites supplemented by an additional 24 Deaf participants working in schools across Kenya to balance data. This study found that while the nationally-mandated HIV/AIDS course curriculum was not implemented in these schools, there was a significant presence of “embedded” and informal HIV/AIDS education. Teachers had a range of feelings about this education, some of which were unique to teaching Deaf children and children using sign language. They also reported how “Deaf stereotypes” shaped how they approached and implemented this education. In some cases these beliefs and attitudes simply heightened preexisting concerns about HIV/AIDS education in similar ways to parallel studies of “regular” schools in this region. However the most striking conclusion from this research was that the presence of “Deaf culture” and the use of sign language among the student population changed the way teachers approached, implemented and reflected upon this education in unique ways not seen in “regular” schools. Interviews also showed that some teachers rationalized their approach to this education because they felt that the Deaf were “different” in certain ways, especially in terms of sexuality. These conclusions are helpful for those in HIV/AIDS education, Comparative and International Education, Disability Studies, Deaf Studies and Medical Anthropology.

For adolescents with asthma, adhering to asthma regimes implies not only taking medications to relieve asthma attacks, but also adjusting their life styles in order to prevent asthma attacks. These life style modifications, such as avoiding allergens or having to limit physical activity, sometimes force adolescents to compromise their social life. On the other hand, the impact of such life style modifications on their social life may in turn force adolescents to give up adhering to asthma regimes. Indeed, adolescents are learning to be more independent while they enjoy a more complicated social life at home and at school than previously, and this rapid social development may thus be a great life challenge to adolescents with asthma. This thesis reports four studies which investigated the relationship between multi-dimensional asthma management (in medication and life style regimes) and the social life of young people with asthma at the transitional age from childhood to adolescence (or early adolescence, age 9-14), which also marks the transition from primary school to secondary school. In line with the literature on other adolescent chronic illnesses, study 1 demonstrated a downward trend of multi-dimensional asthma management in early adolescence. This developmental change was further investigated in study 2, 3 and 4, in which theories in behavioural psychology were followed to emphasise human behaviour influenced by the social activities and social relationships in the living environment, or the social environment. This was supplemented by theories in developmental psychology to identify relevant aspects of the social environment in early adolescence, especially the social relationships with parents, school staff and peers. Using quantitative and qualitative approaches, the studies not only supported the direct influence of asthma-specific social support, but also explored some mechanisms with which social relationships influenced asthma management in a more subtle and context-dependent way. By approaching asthma management behaviour with theories from behavioural and developmental psychology, it is also hoped that this thesis could be an example that shows the importance of recognising and to understanding the social life of young adolescents when adolescent behaviour is concerned.

The overall purpose of this thesis is to investigate, discuss and problematise different aspects of movement ability. The four sub-studies of the thesis deal with various issues concerning assessment of movement ability. First, the focus is on how the concept of physical literacy has influenced the steering document of the subject physical education and health (PEH) in Sweden. The question is: What kind of tensions and conflicts arise when different approaches and interpretations of movement ability are used in an educational context? Second, a structural validation is conducted of the NyTid test, an assessment tool developed to assess basic and complex movement skills at the ages of 12-16 years. The question is: Which categories of movement skills are identified through the validation of the NyTid test? Third, the study examines how ‘ability’ is conceptualised, configured and produced in movement tests and movement assessment tools. Finally, an investigation of how or whether an assessed low or high movement ability at the age of 15 matters for developing an interest in, or taste for, sport and physical activities nine years later, in young adulthood. Movement ability is studied from different perspectives, including a multidisciplinary sport science approach using mixed methods. The theoretical standpoint in the sociocultural analyses is inspired by Bourdieu’s theories and concepts of habitus, capital, field and doxa, which are used as analytical tools. Different theories relating to the evaluation of movement abilities as product- or process oriented assessment are also made use of. Movement abilities tests and assessment tools are also found to construct a specific and narrow form of physical capital strongly related to traditional sports. Accordingly, the social construction of movement ability through assessment tools is far from neutral and could affect how children see themselves and their sense of ‘ability’. Furthermore, the assumption that an acquired high level of movement ability plays a central role for being physically active is challenged in the thesis. Even though pupils at the age of 15 had a low level of assessed movement ability, it did not prevent them from acquiring a taste for sport and physical activity later in life. However, more studies on movement ability and the underlining mechanisms and factors for engaging in physical activities are necessary. / Forskningslinjen Utbildning

Concept of health education in kindergarten This thesis deals with the concept of a healthy lifestyle for preschool children and of health education in nursery schools. The first part of this work is the definition of "health" and individual determinants of health such as lifestyle, environment and health. The thesis deals with the various components of health education in kindergarten, the movement of children in kindergarten, nutrition, inner comfort and overall environment of the nursery school in the context of the Framework Curriculum for preschool education. The subject of research of this thesis is two-stage evaluation process and questionnaire, which is presented to teachers of kindergartens.

Introdução: Os grupos educativos de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional tendem a contemplar os propósitos da Promoção da Saúde quando se configuram como ambientes de interação harmoniosa que prezam pelo alcance da autonomia e do empoderamento dos participantes. Entendendo o processo comunicativo como fator que interfere nessa interação, considera-se pertinente os profissionais da saúde, que atuam como mediadores de grupos, produzirem conhecimentos sobre comunicação verbal e não verbal, a partir da autoavaliação, a fim de desenvolverem competências que fortaleçam a prática profissional. Objetivo: Identificar a aplicabilidade do vídeo feedback como técnica de qualificação do processo comunicativo para Educação Permanente em Saúde de mediadores de grupos educativos realizados na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória à luz da abordagem qualitativa, sob a perspectiva teórica do Interacionismo Simbólico, realizada em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de São Paulo com mediadores de grupos em cujo(s) encontro(s) fosse abordado o tema alimentação e nutrição. O estudo envolveu 2 momentos de investigação correspondentes a 2 dias de produção de dados com cada profissional, sendo que o primeiro dia contemplou as etapas: (I) observação sistemática, por meio de filmagem, do profissional da saúde mediando um grupo educativo; (II) vídeo feedback; (III) entrevista semi-estruturada; e (VI) qualificação do processo comunicativo. Já o segundo dia envolveu apenas as etapas I, II e III. Os dados gerados a partir das entrevistas foram transcritos e sistematizados segundo o método da Análise de Conteúdo Temática, proposto por Bardin. Resultados: Onze profissionais participaram do estudo, tendo suas respostas contemplado a formação de 4 categorias em cada um dos 2 momentos da investigação: o vídeo feedback e a autopercepção da comunicação, as implicações da comunicação na mediação de grupos educativos, considerações sobre a utilização do vídeo feedback na prática educativa em saúde e o vídeo feedback e a percepção dos mediadores de grupos sobre sua aplicabilidade. Conclusão: O vídeo feedback é uma técnica capaz de qualificar o processo comunicativo de profissionais da saúde que atuam como mediadores de grupos educativos, em especial por evidenciar características da comunicação que interferem na efetividade das interações harmoniosas no cuidado em saúde. / Introduction: Educational groups of Food and Nutritional Education tend to contemplate the Health Promotion purposes when configured as harmonious interaction environments that value the reach of autonomy and empowerment of the participants. Understanding the communication process as a factor which affects this interaction, it is considered relevant to the health professionals working as groups mediators to produce knowledge about verbal and nonverbal communication, by means of self-assessment in order to develop skills to strengthen the professional practice. Objective: To identify the applicability of the video feedback as a qualification technique of the communicative process for Permanent Education in Health of educational groups mediators working in Primary Health Care. Methods: Exploratory research with qualitative approach, -under the theoretical perspective of Symbolic Interactionism, held in one Basic Health Unit of São Paulo with groups mediators in which meeting addressed the issue of food and nutrition. The study involved two research moments corresponding to two days of data production with each on of the professionals.The first day included the steps: (I) systematic observation of the health professional conducting the educational group, through filming; (II) video feedback; (III) semi-structured interview; and (VI) qualification of the communicative process. The second day involved only steps I, II and III. The data generated from the interviews were transcribed and systematized according to the method of Thematic Content Analysis proposed by Bardin. Results: Eleven professionals participated in the study, and their responses contemplated the formation of four categories in each of the two stages of research: \'the video feedback and perception of communication\', \'the implications of communication in mediation educational groups\', considerations on the use of video feedback in educational practice in health, and video feedback and perception of groups mediators on its applicability\'. Conclusion: The video feedback is a technique that allow to qualify the communicative process of health professionals who act as mediators of educational groups, in particular by highlighting the communication features that interfere in the effectiveness of harmonious interactions in health care.

A presente dissertação, inserida na área temática da Saúde Pública de Regulação e Fiscalização em Saúde (categoria SP1.011.127), destacou aspectos relacionados à política nacional de regulação em saúde. Com base na revisão da literatura relacionada com o tema, o estudo teve como objetivo principal apresentar e discutir os desdobramentos da realização de intervenção no sistema de regulação do acesso à assistência às especialidades médicas de um município de 250 mil habitantes no período de 2009 a 2011. Teve também, como objetivo secundário, analisar estratégias de desenvolvimento e operacionalização de protocolos de regulação do acesso à assistência ambulatorial em perspectiva municipal. Como referencial metodológico foi adotado o estudo de caso com abordagem descritiva predominantemente qualitativa. O capítulo de introdução versou sobre o cenário relacionado com a regulação do acesso à assistência e as intervenções aplicadas. Como resultados foram apresentadas as ações desenvolvidas no município no campo de infraestrutura e tecnologia da informação, aperfeiçoamento logístico e de processos, educação permanente e o desenvolvimento de protocolos de regulação do acesso. Na discussão, foram analisados os processos desenvolvidos, escolhas e ferramentas adotadas para o aperfeiçoamento do acesso à atenção ambulatorial, suas características e vulnerabilidades, discutindo-se as potencialidades desta implementação e o impacto no acesso aos serviços de saúde municipal / This dissertation, inserted in the thematic area of Health Care Coordination and Monitoring (SP1.011.127 category), emphasized issues related to national policy health regulation in Brazil. Based on a review of literature related to the topic, the study had, as main objective, present and discuss the unfolding of intervention performed in the medical specialties accessibility settled in a city of 250 000 inhabitants in the period from 2009 to 2011. Also sought, as a secondary objective, examine strategies to develop and manage regulatory access protocols in that city. The methodological framework was a case study with predominantly qualitative descriptive approach. The introductory chapter was about the scenario related to the regulation of access to care and interventions applied. Results presented the actions developed in the field of municipal infrastructure and information technology, logistics and process improvement, Public Health Professional Education and the development of regulatory access protocols. In the discussion were analyzed the processes developed, choices and tools used for the improvement of Health Services Accessibility, their characteristics and vulnerabilities, discussing the potential of this implementation and the impact on local health services

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-09-13T12:51:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Carvalho.pdf: 3015378 bytes, checksum: 541ce4ea15595d0d753b3657f12feac3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-13T12:51:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Carvalho.pdf: 3015378 bytes, checksum: 541ce4ea15595d0d753b3657f12feac3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work deals with the pedagogic discourse in Distance Higher Education focusing on the Permanent Education in Health. The general goal is based on the reflection about the use of digital technologies while structuring the pegagogic discourse in distance Higher Education to analyze underlying mechanisms in the pedagogical practices developed in virtual learning environments, and having as the study’s object the post-graduation course (specialization) EPS em Movimento. The research topic questions the characteristics of the pedagogic discourse in Distance Higher Education courses and analyzes the work in a course of permanent education that comes from the students’ knowledge. For the characterization and analysis of these pedagogical practices, this work used as the main methodological and theoretical reference, the theory of Basil Bernstein based on the concepts of code, classification and framing, specifically in the aspects that concern the established relations among subjects, discourses and spaces in regulating and instructional contexts of the pedagogic discourse. The work is based on the hypothesis of the existence of a weak framing without previous definitions of content, organization/sequence and the way the students work, strong defining classification of contents – which were confirmed in the results – as well as weak framing in relation to evaluation criteria that were partially confirmed. It is a documental research, conducted according to a mixed approach of investigation that associates qualitative and quantitative aspects regarding the approximation of investigation through the analysis of the virtual environment of the course hosted on Plataforma para Comunidades de Prática (OTICS) (in English: Platform for Communites of Practices). The data collection was composed of documents that compose the structure of the course about administrative and regulatory aspects, besides pedagogical material and teaching/learning practices registered on the integration forums. The obtained results demonstrated, in general, similar characteristics in both contexts. In the instructional content the control over communication in the learning process of the three related abilities developed in the course - responsibility, cooperation and autonomy - was centered in the students who conducted the selection and presentation sequence of the contents, as well as the acquisition period. The evaluation criteria presented variations in relation to the clarity of what was expected from the students and in the relation between discourses. An absence of interconnection was observed between the contents of the abilities and the promition of EPS. The regulating context was characterized by interpersonal communication relations which were open and democratic between tutor and students and also among students. In relation to the spaces occupied in the virtual learning environment, well-established frontiers between the students and the tutors were identified and sharing of free spaces among the students / Este trabalho trata do discurso pedagógico na educação a distância do ensino superior com foco na Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS). O objetivo geral parte da reflexão sobre o uso de tecnologias digitais na estruturação do discurso pedagógico para analisar mecanismos subjacentes às práticas desenvolvidas em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, tendo o curso de pós-graduação lato sensu EPS em Movimento como objeto de estudo. O problema de pesquisa questiona as características do discurso pedagógico em cursos de educação a distância e se preocupa em analisar o trabalho de um curso superior de educação permanente que funciona a partir dos conhecimentos do alunado. A teoria de Basil Bernstein foi a principal referência teórico-metodológica utilizada para a caracterização e análise das práticas pedagógicas, com base nos conceitos de código, classificação e enquadramento, especificamente nos aspectos que incidem sobre as relações estabelecidas entre sujeitos, discursos e espaços nos contextos instrucional e regulador do discurso pedagógico. O trabalho é pautado nas hipóteses da existência de fraco enquadramento sem definições prévias de conteúdo, organização/sequenciamento e forma de trabalho do alunado; forte classificação definidora dos conteúdos – que foram confirmadas nos resultados – assim como fraco enquadramento em relação aos critérios de avaliação que foram parcialmente confirmadas. Trata-se de pesquisa de cunho documental, conduzida segundo uma abordagem mista de investigação, que associa aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos na aproximação às questões de investigação por meio da análise do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem do curso, hospedado na Plataforma para Comunidades de Prática OTICS. A coleta de dados ocorreu em documentos que compõem a estrutura do curso sobre aspectos administrativos e normativos, além do material didático e das práticas de ensino e aprendizagem registradas nos fóruns de interação. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram, em geral, características semelhantes em ambos os contextos. No contexto instrucional, o controle sobre a comunicação no processo de aprendizagem das três competências relacionais desenvolvidas no curso – responsabilidade, cooperação e autonomia – ficou centrado nos alunos, que conduziram a seleção e a sequência de apresentação dos conteúdos, assim como o tempo de aquisição. Os critérios de avaliação apresentaram variações com relação à clareza do que era esperado dos alunos e, na relação entre discursos, observou-se ausência de interligação entre os conteúdos das competências e a promoção de EPS. O contexto regulador caracterizou-se por relações interpessoais de comunicação aberta e democrática entre tutora e alunos e entre alunos. Com relação aos espaços ocupados no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem identificaram-se fronteiras bem demarcadas entre os espaços da tutora e dos alunos e compartilhamento de espaços livres entre os alunos