Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The many and varied links between student socioeconomic status and educational outcomes have been well documented in the South African economics of education literature. The strong legacy of apartheid and the consequent correlation between education and wealth have meant that, generally speaking, poorer learners perform worse academically. The links between affluence and educational quality in South Africa can partially explain this outcome since the poor receive a far inferior quality of education when compared to their wealthier counterparts. This disadvantages them in the labourmarket and entrenches their poverty. This thesis uses the recent Southern and Eastern African Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ III) dataset for South Africa to answer three important questions: (1) Is South African primary education efficient? (2) Is South African primary education equitable? and (3) What are the main factors that have a significant effect on student mathematics and reading performance in Grade 6. The thesis shows that a high proportion of the country’s learners are functionally illiterate and functionally innumerate. The research confirms previous findings that socio-economic status, and particularly school socioeconomic status, is important when understanding student success or failure. Other factors which significantly affect student performance are homework frequency, grade repetition, and the availability of reading textbooks. In contrast, teacher-subject knowledge was found to have only a modest impact on Grade 6 performance. Policy interventions associated with the findings are also highlighted. The study concludes that South Africa is still a tale of two school sub-systems: one which is wealthy, functional and able to educate students, while the other is poor, dysfunctional, and unable to equip students with the necessary numeracy and literacy skills they should be acquiring in primary school. Finally, the thesis suggests that there are some options available to policy-makers which are expected to have a positive effect on learner performance. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die vele en diverse verbande tussen studente se sosio-ekonomiese status en onderwysuitkomste is goed gedokumenteer in die Suid-Afrikaanse literatuur oor die ekonomie van onderwys. Die sterk nalatenskap van apartheid en die gevolglike korrelasie tussen onderwys en rykdom beteken dat armer leerlinge in die algemeen akademies swakker vaar. Die verband tussen welvaart en onderwysgehalte in Suid-Afrika kan hierdie uitkoms gedeeltelik verklaar, omdat arm mense ʼn veel swakker gehalte van onderwys ontvang as rykes. Dit plaas hulle in ʼn swakker posisie in die arbeidsmark en bevestig daarmee hulle armoede. Die tesis gebruik die onlangse SACMEQ III datastel vir Suid-Afrika (SACMEQ is die akroniem vir die Southern and Eastern African Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality) om drie belangrike vrae te beantwoord: (1) Is Suid-Afrikaanse primêre skole doeltreffend? (2) Is Suid-Afrikaanse primêre onderwys regverdig verdeel? (3) Wat is die belangrikste faktore wat studente se wiskunde en leesvermoë in Graad 6 beduidend beïnvloed? Die tesis toon dat ʼn groot proporsie van die land se leerlinge funksioneel ongeletterd en ongesyferd is. Die navorsing bevestig vorige bevindinge dat sosio-ekonomiese status, en veral die sosioekonomiese status van die skoolgemeenskap, ʼn belangrike bepaler van studente se sukses is. Ander faktore wat studente se prestasie beduidend beïnvloed is hoe gereeld hulle huiswerk doen, of hulle die graad herhaal, en die beskikbaarheid van handboeke. In teenstelling daarmee is bevind dat onderwysers se vakkennis net ʼn beskeie impak op Graad 6 prestasie het. Daar is ook klem op beleidsingrypings wat uit die bevindinge spruit. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat Suid- Afrikaanse onderwys steeds die storie van twee sub-stelsels is: een wat ryk is, goed funksioneer en in staat is om studente ʼn goeie opvoeding te bied, terwyl skole in die ander deel van die stelsel arm is, wanfunksioneel, en die vermoë ontbreek om studente toe te rus met die syfer- en leesvaardighede wat skole hulle behoort te bied. Ten slotte identifiseer die tesis opsies vir beleidmakers wat leerlinge se prestasie sou kon verbeter.

本研究目的在於瞭解幼兒就學準備度之內涵，並以實證方式進行幼兒學前教育經驗、幼兒園品質、家庭背景、家長參與的現況瞭解，以及與幼兒就學準備度之間的差異情形、相關情形、預測情形。依隨機抽樣方式，以問卷調查進行兩階段實施，第一階段，抽取632位文山及萬華區小ㄧ學童為研究對象，進行幼兒就學準備度的施測，可用率為75.5%，共477位學童；第二階段根據學童分布的141家公私立幼兒園(幼稚園或托兒所)，進行幼兒園品質調查，可用率為51.8%，共計73家幼兒園。本研究採用量化方法，以SPSS 14.0套裝軟體進行分析，包括獨立樣本t考驗、卡方分配、單因子變異數分析、Scheff’e事後比較、皮爾森基差相關、多元逐步回歸等方式做資料的處理。 研究結果顯示：1、幼兒園屬性及類型對就學準備度有顯著差異，就讀私立幼兒園者其就學準備度高於就讀公立幼兒園者；就讀不同幼兒園類型的孩子其就學準備度有顯著差異。2、幼兒就讀幼兒園年數與學準備度呈現正相關。3、幼兒園品質與就學準備度的無顯著相關。4、家庭背景中的「每月收入」、「父母教育程度」、「父母職業類型」、「父母社經地位」皆與幼兒就學準備度有顯著差異。5、幼兒園與小學時期家長參與呈正相關，兩時期的家長參與與就學準備度也呈現正相關。6、「家庭每月收入」、「幼兒園時期家長參與」、「就讀幼兒園年數」對就學準備度達顯著預測性。 另外其他研究發現部分：1、幼兒園及小學時期家長參與度中偏高。2、幼兒就讀幼兒園類型與家庭環境及區域分佈有關，且家庭背景會影響幼兒園類型選擇。3、幼兒進入小學後就學準備度「學業成績」方面表現不錯，「生活適應」方面表現中等。4、家長參與和家庭背景因素呈現正相關，父母教育程度、職業、社經地位、家庭每月收入月高的家庭，家長的參與程度會越高。5、各類型的幼兒園其幼兒園品質有顯著差異。 本研究並根據研究結果提出建議，以提供家長、學校、政府機關以及未來研究者之參考。 / The main purpose of this study is to understand the concept of school readiness, and examine the experience of early childhood education, the educational quality in ECE (early childhood education), the background of family, parents participate, and the relationships of these items. This study adopts literature analysis and questionnaire investigation to achieve the goal. This study are 2 steps, the first step, 632 first grade elementary school students in Wenshan district and Wanhua district of Taipei City, and 477 samples were received, making the return rate of 75.5%. The second step, basing on 141 early childhood education centers the children attended in last year, and 73 samples were received, making the return rate of 51.8%. The sample results were analyzed by means, standard deviations, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Person’s product-moment correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Depending on the result, the conclusions are as fallows: 1. The children study in private center is better than in public. And the school readiness of children in different types childcare centers has obvious different. 2. The correlation analysis found that there is moderate positive relationship between “How long are children in childcare centers” and “early childhood school readiness”. 3. The correlation analysis found that there is no moderate relationship between “the educational quality in ECE” and “early childhood school readiness”. 4. There were significantly different perceptions towards school readiness to different background family. 5. The correlation analysis found that there is moderate positive relationship between parents participate in early childhood time and elementary school time. “The parents participate in two step” and early childhood school readiness” also show positive relationship. 6. The income of the family per month, the participation of parents in early childhood time and how long children in childcare centers are were appropriate indicators in predicting early childhood school readiness. Otherwise, there are other researches results are discovered as follows: 1. The participation of parents in early childhood time and elementary school time are obviously high. 2. Family backgrounds can affect the choice of the type of the early childhood centers, and the type of the early childhood centers are concerned with family backgrounds and which areas they are in. 3. After children enter the elementary school, their school readiness in” study achievements “are good, and in “live hood adaption” show average. 4. There were moderate positive relationship between “the participation of parents” and “the factors of family backgrounds”, the higher level of education of their parents, their occupations, their position of social and economics and the income per month, the participation of parents show higher. 5. There were significantly different perceptions between types of early childhood centers and their qualities. According to previous conclusions, the researcher proposes some suggestions for parents, school, administration and researchers in the future.

This thesis attempted to develop insight into why, contrary to expectation and predictions, learners in Rundu obtained better scores in a standardised English comprehension test than learners in Katima Mulilo, given that the conditions of teaching and learning were judged to be least favourable in Rundu.

The current approach to assessing the educational quality applicable to assessing objects and processes formed and realized in producing spheres is widely spread. However, as education is a much more complicated anthropological, social and cultural object in comparison to that of production, the above mentioned approach is least effective. In education both \"strong\" and \"weak\" models are used. There do not exist measurement instruments for accurate assessing mild results. Self control, expert assessing method and portfolio are being put forward.

This thesis attempted to develop insight into why, contrary to expectation and predictions, learners in Rundu obtained better scores in a standardised English comprehension test than learners in Katima Mulilo, given that the conditions of teaching and learning were judged to be least favourable in Rundu.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:35:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5623.pdf: 10421509 bytes, checksum: 24acbe4fecdc368bca5ff4ca738c898d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-19 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / In 2008, the Education Department of São Paulo State (SEE/SP) started the implementation process of the "School Quality Program" and the "Curricular Proposal Project" in all São Paulo State public schools. According to SEE/SP, the purpose of the program is to evaluate each school through annual aims, which are pre-established by SEE/SP and based on two criterias: the school flow and the student s performance in the Evaluation System of São Paulo State (SARES). The aim ends up in an index of Education Development of São Paulo State (IDESP), for each level of education. In this paper, we discuss the School Quality Program from 2008 to 2012, having as parameters the objectives proclaimed by SEE/SP, taking the empirical research data analysed under the theoretical framework composed by Claus Offe and Antonio Gramsci, in relation to the educational improvement quality. The empirical cutting to data collection included eight of the nine poles that made up the Teaching Coordination of São Paulo Contryside and the case study happened in three pre-selected schools, under Pirassununga Teaching Board responsability. We notice the emphasis on the product overlapping the educational process, both for the SEE/SP, through IDESP, and in the surveyed schools organization. Intra and extra factors make up the educational quality for the subject researched and the teacher s evaluation is considered an important quality factor for parents. We see as positive aspects of "School Quality Program", the SEE/SP trying to improve educational quality at public schools and the network-wide deployment of a single curriculum with essential skills and competences for student learning. The Bonus for Results (BR) established with the objective of motivating school teams to achieve the aims of IDESP, is a contradiction. It doesn t motivate teachers, but, provide places and pedagogical time to prepare students for the SATS. The schools surveyed had difficulties to maintain a track record of IDESP improving. Educational quality has a potential converter of social and economical reality, but for that, we have to provide enough public funding for education, enhance the teaching profession and teachers, improve the initial and recurrent training, enable other spaces and times of learning. / No ano de 2008, a Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo (SEE/SP) iniciou o processo de implantação do Programa de Qualidade da Escola e do projeto Proposta Curricular em todas as escolas estaduais paulistas. De acordo com a SEE/SP, a finalidade do Programa é avaliar cada escola por meio de metas anuais, pré-estabelecidas pela própria SEE/SP, com base em dois critérios: o fluxo escolar e o desempenho dos alunos no Sistema de Avaliação do Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (SARESP). A meta concretizase em um Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação do Estado de São Paulo (IDESP), para cada nível de ensino. Neste trabalho, discutimos o Programa de Qualidade da Escola , no período de 2008 a 2012, tendo como parâmetros os objetivos proclamados pela SEE/SP, tomando os dados da pesquisa empírica analisados sob o referencial teórico composto por Claus Offe e Antonio Gramsci, em relação à melhoria da qualidade educacional. O recorte empírico para a coleta de dados abrangeu oito dos nove polos que compunham a Coordenadoria de Ensino do Interior da SEE/SP e o estudo de caso deu-se em três escolas pré-selecionadas, jurisdicionadas à Diretoria de Ensino Região de Pirassununga. Verificamos a ênfase no produto sobrepondo-se ao processo educativo, tanto para a SEE/SP, por meio do IDESP, como na organização das escolas pesquisadas. Fatores intra e extraescolares compõem a qualidade educacional para os sujeitos pesquisados e a avaliação docente é considerada um fator de qualidade para os pais. Percebemos como aspectos positivos do PQE a tentativa da SEE/SP de melhorar a qualidade educacional nas escolas públicas e a implantação, em toda a rede, de um currículo único com habilidades e competências essenciais para a aprendizagem do aluno. A Bonificação por Resultados (BR), instituída com o objetivo de motivar as equipes escolares a alcançar as metas do IDESP, é uma contradição. Essa bonificação não motiva os professores; todavia, eles cedem lugares e tempos pedagógicos para preparar os alunos para as provas. As escolas pesquisadas apresentaram dificuldades para manter uma trajetória de melhoria do IDESP. A qualidade educacional tem um potencial transformador da realidade social e econômica, mas, para isso, temos que viabilizar formas de financiamento público suficientes, valorizar a escola pública e o seu magistério, melhorar a formação inicial e continuada dos professores, viabilizar outros espaços e tempos de aprendizagem.

Si la proportion d'adultes analphabètes dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne a décliné entre 1985 et 2008, le nombre d’individus analphabètes a en réalité augmenté au cours de cette période. C'est dans ce contexte que depuis avril 2000, la communauté internationale poursuit les objectifs du processus Education Pour Tous, dont l’un vise, d’ici à 2015, à améliorer de 50 % les niveaux d'alphabétisation des adultes. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’analyser dans quelle mesure la scolarisation primaire et les programmes d’alphabétisation, deux processus sur lesquels la politique éducative peut intervenir, permettent aux individus des pays d’Afrique subsaharienne d’acquérir des compétences de base en lecture. Dans la grande majorité des pays africains, les analyses, menées sur la base d’enquêtes de ménages, montrent qu’il ne suffit pas d’être allé à l’école jusqu’à la fin du cycle primaire pour savoir lire une fois adulte et qu’il est primordial d’avoir bénéficié d’une certaine qualité de l’éducation. De plus, pour un même temps d’enseignement, le degré d’alphabétisme des individus est très différent selon les pays, indiquant donc de fortes disparités en termes de qualité de l’éducation. Ces disparités ne s’expliquent pas par des niveaux différents de ressources allouées aux systèmes éducatifs, mais paraissent plutôt liées à des différences liées d’une part, au temps d’enseignement dont ont bénéficié les individus, et d’autre part, à l’organisation du contexte scolaire à l’intérieur de ce temps. Si la scolarisation primaire ne suffit pas, dans son fonctionnement actuel, à assurer un savoir lire durable aux individus, cela implique un rôle significatif des activités d’alphabétisation. Il ressort des analyses des enquêtes de ménages que la participation à des programmes d’alphabétisation reste en moyenne assez limitée en Afrique subsaharienne. De plus, il existe une très forte variabilité entre les pays, des impacts des activités d’alphabétisation sur le savoir lire des individus. Ceci s’explique sans doute par la grande diversité des programmes d’alphabétisation mis en œuvre. Cette diversité, à laquelle s’ajoute la quasi-absence de véritable politique nationale de développement de l’alphabétisation, rend très difficile l’identification des modalités efficientes d’organisation des activités d’alphabétisation. / Despite the proportion of illiterate people in sub-Saharan Africa having declined between 1985 and 2008, the number of illiterates has actually increased during the period. It is within this context, that since April 2000, the international community has been committed to six Education for All goals. One of these goals is to achieve a 50 per cent improvement in adult literacy levels by 2015. This thesis aims to analyse how primary education and literacy programs (two processes on which educational policy can intervene) enable the populations of sub-Saharan Africa to acquire basic reading skills. In the vast majority of African countries, the analysis based on household surveys shows that schooling to the end of the primary cycle is not sufficient to enable literacy as an adult, and the former also show that it is critical to have had education of some quality. Furthermore, the individual literacy levels can be very different from one country to another, even with the same teaching time. This shows significant disparities in terms of educational quality. These disparities cannot be explained by differences in the levels of resources allocated to educational systems. The former would rather appear to be related to differences on the one hand, in the teaching time received by individuals, and on the other, to how the school is organized within this time. If primary education, as it currently operates, is not enough to ensure sustainable literacy for individuals, thus this implies that literacy activities play a significant role. The analysis of household surveys shows that participation in literacy programs is, on average, quite limited in SSA. In addition, there is high variability between countries in terms of the impacts of literacy activities on reading skills. This is probably due to the wide variety of the literacy programs that are implemented. This diversity, combined with no real national policy on the development of literacy, makes it very difficult to identify possible efficient ways of organizing literacy activities.

Esta dissertação vincula-se à Linha de Pesquisa: Saberes e Práticas Educativas, do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação – PPGED, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi investigar como a avaliação sistêmica mineira tem contribuído para a produção da qualidade educacional, a partir de um estudo de caso. Objetivou também identificar que tipo de influência o Simave tem exercido sobre a escola pesquisada e como ela tem se organizado para alcançar bons resultados nessas avaliações; conhecer como o Simave vem sendo compreendido pelos diferentes segmentos da escola; compreender a concepção de qualidade presente na proposta desse sistema de avaliação e evidenciar, a partir de sua implementação, o tipo de cultura avaliativa que tem predominado na escola pesquisada. A pesquisa é caracterizada por um estudo de caso de tipo etnográfico. Para tal finalidade realizamos estudo bibliogáfico e pesquisa de campo. Nesta última, utlizamos a observação, a entrevista e a pesquisa documental. Trouxemos reflexões sobre o que os estudos apontam em relação à avaliação externa da educação básica em âmbito federal (Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica – Saeb) para contextualizar a discussão e depois aprofundamos nossa compreenção em âmbito estadual abordando o Sistema Mineiro de Avaliação da Educação Pública – Simave. Em seguida, refletimos sobre a ideia de qualidade que vem sendo implementada na educação brasileira, revelamos a concepção de qualidade da educação que tem sido defendida pelo Simave e chamamos a atenção para a necessidade de pensarmos em uma educação de qualidade socialmente referenciada. Por fim, apresentamos a análise dos dados construídos no interior da escola pesquisada. Constatamos que as condições materiais de trabalho pouco favoráveis da escola pesquisada intervia bastante no trabalho das professoras e principalmente na aprendizagem dos(as) estudantes; que a variedade de recursos pedagógicos disponíveis na escola e os materiais que ela conseguia fornecer para os(as) estudantes, influenciavam positivamente o trabalho que vinha sendo desenvolvido; que os sujeitos da escola tinham diversas preocupações com as avaliações externas, dentre elas com as do Simave; que nem todos(as) percebiam e sentiam a pressão estimulada por essas avaliações e que as professoras e os(as) estudantes das turmas avaliadas eram os(as) que mais sofriam com essa lógica; que um bom tempo foi disponibilizado para a preparação e/ou treinamento dos(as) estudantes para a realização da prova do Proalfa, que avalia somente a Língua Portuguesa; que a avaliação da aprendizagem aplicada nas turmas avaliadas está seguindo o modelo das avaliações do Simave; entre outras. Assim, os dados revelaram que as avaliações do Simave têm interferido e influenciado na realização do trabalho da escola pesquisada, principalmente no que diz respeito à construção da qualidade educacional. / This dissertaton is related with the Research Line: Knowledge and Educative Practices, of the Pos-Graduation Programme in Education – PPGED, of Federal University of Uberlândia – UFU. The general objective of this research was inestigate how the systemic evaluation of Minas Gerais has been contributing to the quality production of education, from a case study. Also aimed to identify what kind of influence the Simave has been exerced above the investigated school, andhow it has organized itsef to reach good results in these evaluations; knowing how the Simave has been understood by the different traces in school; understand the conception of quality present in the propose of this system of evaluation and evidence, from its implementation, the kind of evaluative culture has been predominating in the investigated school. The research is characterized by a case study of a etnographic kind. For this aim we realized a bibliographic study and field research. In the field research, we used the observation, interview and documental research. We brought reflections about what the studies point in relation to the external evaluation of basic education in federal scope (Evaluation Sistem of Basic Eduction – Saeb) to put into context the discussion and later, deepen our comprehention in state scope approaching the Miner Sistem of Evaluation of Public Education – Simave. Afterwords, we reflected about the idea of quality which has been implemented in Brazilian education, we revealed the conception of education quality which has been defended by the Simave and warned for tne necessity of thinking of an education with quality socially referenced. Finally, we present the analizis of data constructed inside the investigated school. We realized that the unfavourable materials conditions to work of the reserarched school interfered a lot in the teachers work and, mainly, in the learning of the students.We realized tha the financial condition of the students, an extrascolar factor, several times dieregarded by the Simve in the conception of educational quality tha its defends, intervened considerable in the eachers work and mainly in their learning; that the variety of pedagogical resources available in the school and the materials wich the school could give to the students, influenced positively te work that has been developed; that the subjects of the school has different concerns with the extern evaluation, among them, the ones of Simave; that not all realized ad felt the stimulated pression for these evaluations and that the teachers and the students os the evaluated classes were who soffered more with this logic; that most time delivered to the preparation and/or training od the students for the realization of the text of Proalfa, wich evaluate just Protuguese Language; that the evaluation of the learning applied in the evaluated classes are following the model of the evaluations of Simave; among others. Therefore, the data reveals that the evaluations of Simave has been interfering and influencing in the realization of the work in the investigated school, mainly with respect to the construction of a educational quality. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

This document presents the results of the exploration and contextualization phase of the project “Rutas de emergencia del talento docente, estudio de casos en maestros con un uso sobresaliente de las TIC” (“Teaching talent emergency paths, case study in teachers with outstanding use of ICTs”). It is a mixed sequential explicative study. The first phase clas- sifies participants utilizing a multiple correspondence analysis. The second phase performs and analyzes three different interviews to nine teachers, utilizing the Gagné model (2009, 2015) to analyze content. This phase identifies itineraries, figures, and significant events in the participants’ histories, which can understand the emergence of teaching talent in the Colombian context. / Este artículo presenta los resultados de la fase de exploración y contextualización del proyecto “Rutas de emergencia del talento docente” estudio de caso en maestros con un uso sobresaliente de las TIC. Este es un estudio mixto-secuencial explicativo. En la primera fase se clasifica a los participantes utilizando un análisis de correspondencia múltiple; y, en la segunda y fase principal, se analizan tres entrevistas diferentes realizadas a nueve maestros, utilizando el modelo de Gagné (2009, 2015) como marco analítico para el análisis de contenido de ellas. Esta fase identifica itinerarios, figuras y eventos significantes en las historias de los participantes, los cuales son determinantes para comprender la emergencia del talento docente. / Este artigo apresenta os resultados da fase de exploração e contextualização do projeto “rotas de emergência do talento docente: estudos de caso com professores com uso excelente das TIC”. Esta é uma pesquisa mista-sequencial explicativa. Na primeira fase os participantes foram classificados usando um analise múltiplo de correspondências; e na segunda fase, foram analisadas três entrevistas diferentes realizadas a nove docentes, usando como marco para o analise de conteúdo das mesmas, o modelo de Gagné (2009, 2015). Esta fase iden- tifica roteiros, figuras e eventos significativos em as histórias dos entrevistados, as quais são determinantes para compreender a emergência do talento docente.

The current approach to assessing the educational quality applicable to assessing objects and processes formed and realized in producing spheres is widely spread. However, as education is a much more complicated anthropological, social and cultural object in comparison to that of production, the above mentioned approach is least effective. In education both \"strong\" and \"weak\" models are used. There do not exist measurement instruments for accurate assessing mild results. Self control, expert assessing method and portfolio are being put forward.