1980 fattades, efter en folkomröstning, beslut om avveckling av kärnkraften i Sverige. Mot slutet av 1980-talet uppstod dock en spricka inom regeringen angående hur mycket man skulle lyssna på den folkliga opinionen när det gällde utvecklingen av kärnkraft. I denna uppsats undersöks vilken strategi staten har använt sig av i kärnkraftspolitiken 1986-2009, om de har låtit sig påverkas av opinionen eller ej och om de har agerat för samhällets intressen eller sina egna intressen. Undersökningen analyserar hur staten har använt sig av ekonomisk styrning inom kärnkraftspolitiken och om/hur samhälleliga opinionsskiften påverkat styrningen. Resultaten visar att den allmänna opinionen inte har påverkat politikernas beslut i kärnkraftsfrågan och att politikerna har fattat sina beslut i samhällets intresse.

Denna uppsats syftar till att visa på hur spädbarnsdödligheten skiljde sig åt mellan olika socio-ekonomiska grupper i stadsmiljö. Ämnet är tidigare studerat men det har inte hittats något tydligt mönster. Därför görs studien för att bredda forskningsläget och bidra till att förstå hur den sanitära förbättrigen påverkade spädbarnsdödligheten. Syftet uppnås genom en studie av Örebro mellan 1870-1895 där spädbarnens dödsorsaker jämförs med deras socio-ekonomiska ställning. Resultaten visar på en jämförelsevis liten skillnad mellan olika socio-ekonomiska grupper, framförallt under den senare tidsperioden.

This paper analyzes the Swedish labor market during the interwar and early postwar period within the framework of modern labor market theory. The development of unemployment during this period - according to the commonly cited source of labor union reports - represents a conundrum for research. The unemployment rate rose after the initial diverse shock of 1921 and stayed at a permanently higher level for the rest of the interwar period. This development was reversed after World War Two when the unemployment rate decreased and stayed permanently low for the rest of the postwar period until the oil price chock of the 1970s. In a first step the available sources of unemployment statistics is investigated and compared. The general conclusion is that the labor union reports overestimate the level of economy wide unemployment while being a reasonably good indicator of movements in the rate. While no assertion of absolute levels can be made the conclusion might be drawn that the equilibrium level of unemployment decreased from a higher interwar level down to a substantially lower postwar one. The paper then turns to the overarching question of the possible mainsprings of this development. The concept of the warranted wage - defined as total factor productivity growth divided by the labor share - have been used to explained the development of unemployment in the OECD from the 1970s. The theory pertains that movements in the bargained wage above or below the warranted wage will render movements in the equilibrium unemployment rate. This theoretical framework is used to analyze the Swedish inter- and early postwar experience. The warranted wage in the manufacturing sector and the whole economy is respectively estimated using historical national accounts and growth accounting. The development is then compared to the progress of real labor costs. The conclusion is that the 1920s experienced a negative growth in the warranted wage - and while real labor cost decreased during the period - wages were not cut enough in order to keep profits unchanged for firms. The opposite can be concluded for the succeeding 1930s and 1940s which instead saw a positive evolution of the warranted wage with real labor costs not growing at the same rate. The movements of real labor costs in relation to the warranted wage thus makes this factor a plausible candidate for explaining movements in the unemployment rate during the period understudy.

Diss. Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2007. / S. 261-273: Bibliografi.

Gick #MeToo för långt? Denna uppsats försöker sprida välbehövligt ljus över kvinnors förändrade rättsliga förutsättningar 1950–1980 genom att diskutera ämnet ur ett radikalfeministiskt perspektiv. Är det möjligt att ökningen av våldtäktsanmälningar i Sverige under perioden är ett tecken på, inte nödvändigtvis kvinnors förtryckta position, utan snarare deras växande ekonomiska och politiska makt? Uppsatsen argumenterar för att så är fallet och att ökningen reflekterar kvinnors förändrade förutsättningar som rättssubjekt under 1900-talet. Vidare dras slutsatsen att en korrelation mellan ökningen av våldtäktsanmälningar och kvinnors förvärvsarbetesfrekvens kan observeras och att detta är en viktig del i kvinnokampen, samt att #MeToo-rörelsen med fördel kan ses i ljuset av detta.

I denna uppsats undersöks levnadsstandarden på Anna Geijers barnhem i Uppsala mellan åren 1876 och 1895. Syftet är att genom en mikrohistorisk skildring och en ekonomisk analys belysa en liten del av Sveriges sociala historia. Det huvudsakliga källmaterialet är stiftelsen Anna Geijers barnhems arkiv som finns bevarat på Uppsala landsarkiv. Undersökningens frågeställning är denna: Hur god kan man säga att omsorgen var på Anna Geijers barnhem i förhållande till levnadsstandarden i samhället i övrigt mellan åren 1876 och 1895? Frågeställningen besvaras med en jämförelse av de utgifter som barnhemmet hade som användes för omsorg, den genomsnittliga bidragsnivån och medelinkomsten i Uppsala. Uppsatsen finner att barnen på barnhemmet hade det generellt bättre än bidragstagarna i staden men sämre än löntagarna.

The purpose of this study is to analyse three different innovations and the impact they had on the Swedish Magazine Industry 1995-2015. The framework for this thesis is the theories of Joseph Schumpeter on innovations but also many of his successors who over time have applied his theories and methods on various industries. The innovations in this thesis are (i) computerisation of production, on the effect desktop publishing software had on the magazine industry; (ii) lowering of VAT on magazines from 25 percent to 6 percent; (iii) the diffusion of internet and the effect it had on magazine industry. Using the theories on developments block by Erik Dahmén the thesis concludes that these three innovations can be sorted in the same development block: the process of the development of the CPU (Central Processing Unit), a technology required for each of these important media innovations.

Since Sweden joined the European labor market there has been an increase of posted workers, primarily in the construction industry. The aim of this thesis is to study how the EU has affected the Swedish health and safety regulation in the case of posted workers in the construction industry and what room for maneuver there was on the government agency level in the application of the EU-regulations, during the period of 1994–2018. Three research questions are examined: 1) How has the number of posted workers in the construction industry changed? 2) How has the work environment for the posted workers in the construction industry developed? and 3) How has the Swedish Work Environment Authority ap-plied the work environment regulation for posted workers in the construction industry? The results show that there are major gaps in the statistics and enforcement. Most alarmingly, while the posted workers’ share of employment, according to public records, at its highest is around 2 percent, in 2018, their share (together with unregistered foreign workers) of the death accidents in 2008–2017 is much higher, at 14 percent. The EU has weakened the regulation but there have also been hindrances on the national level.

Brands can be one of the most valuable assets a company holds. These intangible assets are difficult tovalue and brand valuation is today a debated subject. By register or incorporate a trademark you can getsole right to it. This legal protection is a big part of the brand. The purpose of this essay is to analysethe value of a brand in an economical historical perspective with institutional theory and law andeconomics. I will describe how the legal framework for accounting (Bokföringslagen andårsredovisningslagen) and trademarks (varumärkeslagen) changes from 1960 to 2010. By looking atarticles from Nordiskt immateriellt rättsskydd (NIR) about trademarks and brands from 1960 to 2010 Iwill try to analyse how the view of brand valuation changes during these years. My result is that brandsget more and more popular and the value of a brand is more important in 1990 and forward then it wasin the 1960’s. I also find it hard to decide whether brands should be activated in company’s balancesheet because of the uncertainty and subjectivity in brand valuation.

Ever since the introduction of the railway through Stockholm there have been issues regardingcapacity. Citybanan is a recently built railway tunnel for commuter trains that takes somepressure off the heavily frequented stretch of tracks in the center of Stockholm. The projecttook almost 30 years to complete and led to time delays as well as large cost increases. Usinga theoretic background of path dependence and megaproject theories the planning is beingexamined. The conclusions of this study are that the investigations are influenced by pathdependence, mainly because the Swedish government early on decided upon reserving moneyto a specific project which did not turn out to be the technically best project. This pathdependence is related to the megaproject theory that projects that lock onto a specific idea oftenget delayed. The overrun might have been prevented by comparing Citybanan to other finishedrailway projects during early stages of the investigation.