Lietuvai tapus ES nare didelis dėmesys bei lėšos nuolatos yra skiriamos aplinkosaugai. Susidarančių problemų analizė skirstant lėšas projektams, jų statybai ir eksplotacijai, turi padėti išvengti jų ateityje. Jau prieš įstojant 2004 m. Lietuvai į Europos Sąjungą, buvo galimybė naudotis jos finasine parama, kuria Lietuva ir naudojosi. ES fondų lėšų administravimui bei veiksmingam šiomis lėšomis finansuojamų projektų įgyvendinimui užtikrinti Lietuvoje 2002 metais buvo įsteigta ISPA programos įgyvendinimo agentūra prie Aplinkos ministerijos. Šiuo metu ES lėšų iš ISPA/Sanglaudos fondų panaudojimą, projektų rengimus, pirkimus, administruoja Aplikos projektų valdymo agentūra (APVA). Vandentvarkos projektus per „kaimo infrastruktūros tobulinimo“ kryptį prižiūri Nacionalinė mokėjimo agentūra (NMA). Darbo tikslas- apžvelgti ES fondų lėšų panaudojimą nuotekų valyklų projektams ir jų įgyvendinimui, išanalizuoti nuotekų valyklose taikomas technologijas ir iškylančias statybos ir eksplotacijos problemas. Uždaviniai: Išanalizuoti senųjų nuotekų valyklų pritaikymą šiuolaikinėms technologijoms, išnagrinėti ES fondų lėšų panaudojimą nuotekų valyklų statyboms, atlikti naujose projektuose taikomų technologijų analizę. / In May 2004 Lithuania became the member of the European Union; therefore now it has more opportunities for using the financial assistance provided by the European Union. New members are concerned with the utilisation of support funds of the European Union. The Ministry of Environment in 2002 established ISPA Implementing Agency that controls utilisation of EU assets from ISPA/Cohesion funds, organizes project preparation, procurements, consultations etc. In 2004 the Agency was renamed to Environmental Projects Management Agency. The National Paying Agency was established for administration of SAPARD support. Main investment targets in the field of water resource protection are: improvement of fresh water quality, reduction of surface water contamination with domestic waste, reduction of underground water pollution. Goal of work is to review the usage of EU funds for wastewater treatment projects and their implementation. This work describes the technological and regulatory changes that have occurred over the last ten years in this discipline, including: improved techniques for the characterization of wastewaters, fundamental understanding of many of the existing unit operations and processes used for wastewater treatment, especially those processes used for the biological removal of nutrients, greater implementation of several newer treatment technologies.

Research object: Farms producing ecological production, participating in “Agrarian environment protection” instrumentality ecological farming programme of Plan for Rural Development for 2004–2006 year. Research subject: impact of European Union Compensatory Support for Ecological Farming. Research aim: to evaluate influence of European Union Compensatory Support for Ecological Farming development. Objectives: 1. To sift condition of Ecological Farming and support amount till membership in European Union. 2. To sift Ecological Farming development potentiality after membership in European Union and changes in amount of European Union Compensatory Support. 3. To evaluate influence of European Union Compensatory Support for Ecological Farming development during first year of membership in European Union. Research methods: to sift influence of European Union Compensatory Support for Ecological Farming development nonfiction analysis, statistical analysis, comparative analysis, logical abstract, monographic, graphical depiction and other research methods were used. Using support, emerge possibility to develop production for domestic demand and to integrate it into the common market of Europe Union. Purpose of the Ecological Farming support is that major part of Lithuanian Agriculture became orientated to the sparing, harmonious with environment and human farming.

Ao longo dos 32 anos de vigência da Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente, a repartição de competências para a proteção do meio ambiente tem sido um grande desafio para o Federalismo Cooperativo no Brasil. Em função disso, uma enorme gama de atividades que apresentam potencial de impacto menor, de âmbito local, permanecem em grande parte, fora do controle. Tal situação configura-se como um entrave para a garantia da Cidade Sustentável, direito garantido em nosso ordenamento jurídico. A inclusão do ente municipal no rol de entes competentes para defender e preservar o meio ambiente, indica uma tendência do legislador à aplicação do Princípio da Subsidiariedade como forma de solução para o problema. O presente estudo, propõe-se a analisar essa problemática, a partir do sistema federalista cooperativo de distribuição de competências, em especial a partir do advento da Lei Complementar 140 de 8 de dezembro de 2011, com ênfase especial na política de descentralização adotada pelo Estado do Rio de Janeiro desde 2007.

Ao longo dos 32 anos de vigência da Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente, a repartição de competências para a proteção do meio ambiente tem sido um grande desafio para o Federalismo Cooperativo no Brasil. Em função disso, uma enorme gama de atividades que apresentam potencial de impacto menor, de âmbito local, permanecem em grande parte, fora do controle. Tal situação configura-se como um entrave para a garantia da Cidade Sustentável, direito garantido em nosso ordenamento jurídico. A inclusão do ente municipal no rol de entes competentes para defender e preservar o meio ambiente, indica uma tendência do legislador à aplicação do Princípio da Subsidiariedade como forma de solução para o problema. O presente estudo, propõe-se a analisar essa problemática, a partir do sistema federalista cooperativo de distribuição de competências, em especial a partir do advento da Lei Complementar 140 de 8 de dezembro de 2011, com ênfase especial na política de descentralização adotada pelo Estado do Rio de Janeiro desde 2007.

Orientador: Carmen Zink Bolognini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T00:12:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis_IanOliveirade_M.pdf: 15784289 bytes, checksum: 29698860141ffa4f6ece26810ba5a82d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A partir de postulados da Análise do Discurso tais como: Efeitos de verdade estão relacionados ao poder, estão estabelecidos discursivamente por ele e fora dele inexistem (Foucault, 1969); Todo sujeito fala a partir de lugares de interlocução constituídos discursivamente e ideologicamente definidos ¿ ou seja, todo sujeito é constituído pelo discurso e, ao falar, põe em movimento a memória e a história da sua cultura, da sua sociedade, do seu país (Orlandi, 1993); Há sempre um jogo de força na memória sob o choque do acontecimento: jogo que visa manter uma regularização pré-existente, com os implícitos que ela veicula, que visa confrontá-la como estabilização parafrástica, negociando a integração do acontecimento até absorvê-lo e, eventualmente dissolvê-lo, mas também, ao contrário, jogo de força de uma desregulação que vem perturbar a rede de implícitos (Pêcheux, 1983), e com base na pesquisa efetuada por Zink (1996), acerca das relações de contato entre brasileiros e alemães, este trabalho analisa características das relações diplomáticas oficiais de contato Brasil/Alemanha, no que tange a parcerias de ação para a preservação do meio ambiente e da qualidade de vida no Planeta. Nele, além de serem pesquisadas características desse discurso oficial, investigamos em que medida a necessidade de não ignorar os danos ambientais produziu deslocamentos no funcionamento de discursos estabilizados nessas relações de contato e se o discurso sobre a necessidade de preservação ambiental reorganiza, ou não, as redes de memória anteriormente estabelecidas. Os resultados indicam, por um lado, oscilação entre um discurso afiliado ao chamado ¿paradigma social dominante¿ e um discurso preservacionista, de preocupação com o meio ambiente e contra a miséria e, por outro, oscilação entre a repetição dos lugares de interlocução anteriormente estabilizados e uma tendência à alteração desses lugares. Tal situação aponta para o alerta de Pêcheux (1983), de que para a caracterização da memória impregnada pelo acontecimento discursivo novo é necessário que se leve em conta ¿um espaço móvel de divisões, de disjunções, de deslocamentos e de retomadas, de conflitos de regularização (...), um espaço de desdobramentos, réplicas, polêmicas e contra-discursos¿ / Abstract: Based on premises of Discourse Analysis such as the following : Truth-effects are related to power, are established by power through discourse and outside its realm are inexistent (Foucault, 1969); Every subject speaks from interlocutory positions, which are discursively constituted and ideologically defined ¿ that is, every subject is constituted by discourse and, when speaks, the memory and history relative to the subject¿s culture, society and country are set in motion (Orlandi, 1993); There is always a power play within memory under the shock of events: such power play aims at maintaining a preexisting regularization, along with the implicit it coveys, it seeks to confront it as paraphrastic stabilization, negotiating the integration of the event until it is absorbed and, eventually dissolved, but also, in opposition, a power play from a deregulation which perturbs the implicit network (Pêcheux, 1983). And based on the research conducted by Zink (1996), about the relationship between Brazilians and Germans, the present work analyzes the characteristics of the contacts in official diplomatic relations betwee Brazil /Germany, in relation to partnerships for the protection and conservation of the environment and quality of life on Earth. Not only the characteristics of such official discourse were examined in the present work, but also how the need to recognize environmental damage produced dislocations in the functions of discourse established in such contact relations and, if the discourse concerning environmental preservation fosters, or not, a reorganization in the previously established memory networks. The results indicate, on one hand, an oscillation between a discourse affiliated to the so-called ¿dominant social paradigm¿, and a conservationist discourse, which is concerned with the environment and against misery, and on the other, an oscillation between the repetition of the previously stabilized interlocution places and a tendency towards the alteration of such places. Such situation points in the direction of Pêcheux¿s (1983) warning, that for the characterization of memory impregnated by a new discursive event it is necessary to take into account ¿a mobile space of divisions, disjunctions, dislocations, and reclaims, of regularization conflicts (...), a space of expansions, replicas, polemics and counter-discourses¿ / Mestrado / Lingua Estrangeira / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

O novo contexto do Direito Internacional tem buscado acomodar interesses econômicos às exigências de proteção ambiental, em linha com o desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesse particular, o investimento estrangeiro é elemento-chave e contribui para a aproximação entre Direito Internacional do Investimento Estrangeiro e Direito Internacional Ambiental, tanto em relação à elaboração de normas substantivas quanto aos processos de adjudicação. Embora já existam diversos trabalhos voltados a demonstrar como os investimentos estrangeiros podem contribuir com a preservação ambiental, pouco se tem escrito sobre os aspectos mais práticos dessa interação. Durante muito tempo, o caráter vago e impreciso da redação dos tratados ambientais dificultava sua aplicação às operações dos investidores. Contudo, a crescente consciência de parcela significativa da população mundial sobre a proteção ao meio ambiente está dando vida a cláusulas com conteúdo ambiental até então dormentes. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar empiricamente qual o tratamento concedido às questões ambientais suscitadas nos casos decididos pelos tribunais do Centro Internacional para Resolução de Disputas de Investimento (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes), o ICSID, no período entre 2000-2013. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi dividida em três partes. A primeira parte é dedicada ao contexto histórico que permitiu a aproximação entre Direito Internacional do Investimento Estrangeiro e do Direito Ambiental Internacional. Na segunda parte o ICSID é apresentado, de modo a compreender sua organização e funcionamento e, principalmente, de que forma as questões ambientais podem ser suscitadas no âmbito das disputas de investimento. E, por fim, os resultados obtidos a partir da pesquisa empírica das decisões proferidas pelos tribunais do ICSID são apresentados, sistematizando os argumentos apresentados pelas partes, bem como aqueles utilizados pelos tribunais ao decidir os litígios de investimento compreendendo a matéria ambiental. / The new context of International Law pursues the accommodation of economic interests to the needs of environmental protection, in line with the sustainable development. To that particular, the foreign investment is a key element and contributes to a closer relation between the Foreign Investment International Law and the Environmental International Law, inasmuch as in relation to the enactment of substantive laws, as towards to enforcement procedures. Although there are several studies aiming at demonstrating how foreign investments may contribute to the environmental protection, few has been written about the most practical aspects of such interaction. For a long time, the vague and imprecise character of the provisions in environmental treaties turn harder their enforcement towards the investment transactions. However, the growth in conscience on environment protection of a substantial portion of the world population has given life to clauses with environmental content that were dormant until recently. In this context, the objective of this study is to make an empiric analysis on the treatment granted to environmental matters raised in cases decided by the tribunals of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, the ICSID, in the period between 2000 and 2013. For that, this research is divided in three parts. The first one is dedicated to the historical context that allowed the approximation between Foreign Investment International Law and Environmental International Law. In the second part the ICSID is presented, to allow a better comprehension of its organization and functioning and, mainly, the forms in which environmental matters can be raised within the scope of investment disputes. And, finally, the results obtained with the empiric research on the decisions enacted by the ICSID tribunals are presented, with a systematization of the arguments used by the involved parties, as well as the arguments adopted by the tribunals to decide the investment disputes comprising environmental matters.

The aim of the diploma thesis is the description and analysis of legal aspects of gold mining. The thesis is divided into 7 chapters including the introduction and the conclusion. The second chapter provides the elementary overview of the characteristics of gold, its extraction and gold ore processing methods. The third chapter deals with the sources of legal regulation of mining and reminds the historical development of this legal branch. The fourth chapter is in detail concerned with individual phases of the reserved minerals mining. The fifth chapter introduces the main impacts of gold mining and mineral raw material extraction respectively on the environment and people. The sixth chapter analyzes basic legal instruments of environmental protection exercised in mining, focuses on their application and deals with their suitability. The conclusion of this thesis is focused on evaluation of topics discussed in previous chapters, primarily summarizes particular aspects of gold mining and problematics of legal regulation of mining and environmental protection used in this field. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

<p>Predmet ove doktorske disertacije je kompleksno i sveobuhvatno istraživanje uticaja turizma na životnu sredinu, na primeru dva jugoslovenska turistička centra Budvanske rivijere i Nacionalnog parka Kopaonik. Prilikom istraživanja kori&scaron;ćeni su komparativni indikatori održivog turizma Evropske Unije, putem kojih se analizira razvoj turizma i njegovi uticaji na životnu sredinu u nizu evropskih zemalja. Na osnovu obavljene analize posredstvom indikatora EU, utvrđeni su i razrađeni najpogodniji instrumenti za upravljanje održivim turizmom, usklađenim sa za&scaron;titom životne sredine i socio-kulturnim obeležjima lokalne zajednice. Rezultati istraživanja međusobnog odnosa turizma i životne sredine imaju nagla&scaron;en aplikativni karakter i mogu poslužiti kao uputstvo za budući rad svih činilaca involviranih u probleme razvoja turizma i za&scaron;tite životne sredine - državni organi, turistička privreda, naučne i stručne institucije, domicilno stanovni&scaron;tvo, turisti. Rezultati ovih istraživanja mogu da pruže smernice i sugestije za dono&scaron;enje planskih dokumenata neophodnih za razvoj turizma na nacionalnom, regionalnom i lokalnom nivou.</p> / <p>The abstract has been processed with OCR optical text recognition technology:</p><p>he subject of this doctoral dissertation is a complex and comprehensive research of influcncesof tourismon environment, in cases of two Yugoslav tourist centres- the rivicra of Budva and the National park Kopaonik. In the researching process I used the comparative indicators of sustainable tourism of the European Union, by which tourism development and its impacts on environment arc being analysed in many European countries. Analysing impacts of tourism on environment, I used a comparative method and compared the experiences of Budva and the NP Kopaonik with the foreign destinations of the similar type, to achieve a complete view of risks and benefits which tourism produces in the environment. On the basis of the analysis caried out by the indicators of the EU, I defined and worked out the most suitable instruments for managing tourism, which will enable its sustainabledevelopment, harmonized with environmcntalprotection and social and cultural features of local communities. I paid special attention to an integral approach to tourist planning, spatial aspects of tourism development, programmes for managing the environment in tourist areas, economic instruments for environmental protection and tourism development, education and training of all participants in tourist activities, etc. Results of research of interrelationship between tourism and environment have a significant applicable character and can serve as a guidance for future work of all factors involved in issues of tourism development and environmental protection - authorities, business sector, scientific and experts institutions, local communities, tourists. Results of this researching process may give suggestionsand instructions for preparing important planning documents needed for tourism development on national, regional and local level.</p>

Background: The protection of the environment requires everyone in this world to act together. If more individuals have the intention to protect the environment, then more individuals and a higher probability of taking action to protect the environment. In order to arouse individuals' attention to environmental issues, some non-profit organizations and government agencies have released public service advertisements. As a way of constructing advertisements, message framing can awaken individuals' emotional responses to the content of public service advertisements by conveying positive or negative information. Positive information can arouse individuals' positive emotions, while negative information can cause individuals' negative emotional reactions. Emotional responses could have an impact on individuals. Therefore, this article focuses on whether there is a relationship between emotional responses and intention.  Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to explain how the emotional response to the message framing in public service advertisement impact individuals’ intention to protect the environment.  Methodology: This thesis followed a deductive approach; thus, the quantitative research method is applied to this paper. The data collection method is the questionnaire, the authors designed a self-completed questionnaire, and it was sent out online. Before the questionnaire sent, there was a small-scale pretest of the questions was conducted. Then, the questionnaire was posted online, and the authors received 590 valid responses as a result. Afterward, the authors used SPSS as the technical tool to analyze the data. Coding, descriptive analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data and test the hypothesis.  Findings: This study found that positive emotional responses to positive message frames in PSAs had a positive impact on individuals' intentions to protect the environment. In addition, negative emotions were found to have no positive effect on negative message framing in PSAs in relation to individuals' intentions to protect the environment.  Conclusion: This study shows that positive emotional responses to PSA images depicting positive messages have a positive impact on environmental conservation intentions. From a positive emotional response perspective, the researchers found that the use of natural environments in PSA images elicited strong positive emotions in respondents and could trigger higher levels of pleasure and happiness, as well as lower levels of awe.  In addition, although negative messages in PSA images can trigger negative emotions in individuals (fear, guilt, and sadness), they do not affect individuals' intention to protect the environment. Thus negative emotional reactions do not affect the intention to protect the environment.

The method for environmental risks assessment in case of accidents with presence of dangerous chemical substances and the concept of the problem solutions in connection with the dangerous goods transport on routes in order to protect environment and inhabitants was proposed in the dissertation thesis. The method was applied in the location of Brno city to estimate possible impact on the environment and inhabitants. ADR accidents and technical conditions of ADR vehicles were statistically evaluated. The new unique code list for accident causations was proposed and will be used in practise. The dissertation thesis includes overview of the valid legislature and the legislature before 1989, overview of harmful substances dispersion in the environment and their decontamination and system of accidents treatment.