Sama Dilaut are a marginalized, ethnic group in Malaysia and are known as seafaring nomads. The group is found in the whole Coral Triangle. Many groups around the world who share a history of nomadic origin, also face marginalization by society. One cannot help but wonder why these different groups face similar repercussions.   In Malaysia, the Sama Dilaut are stateless and considered to be in the country illegally, despite the fact that the group has been documented to live in the area as far back as the 16th Century. The future prospects for the stateless children in the country due Malaysia’s statement to ratify UN Convention for the Rights of Children but not UN Convention for Stateless People. The NGO, PKPMM, Sabah provides formal schooling for marginalized children in the state of Sabah. It thus seems paradoxical that the state aims to provide educational opportunities, while at the same time attempting to arrest and deport members of the Sama Dilaut.     This study is conducted as a deductive qualitative field study based on semi-structured interviews to collect empirical data. I traveled to Sabah, on Eastern Borneo in Malaysia, to visit PKPKM Sabah. The qualitative tradition of ethnomethodology provided my approach. Furthermore, the analysis is a thematic text analysis which is primary based on the explanations by Monica Dalen in the book Interview as Method (2011).   The theory the Established and the Outsiders, and the Durable Inequality theory provided the base for this research. These two theories have been used as theoretical framework and analytical assistance. With the awareness that the perspective of western sociology could become indistinct to apply globally. Yet, these two theories are most suitable.   The inequality between, the two categories, Sama Dilaut and the majority society is a natural routine and is manifested in most social contacts them between. This also consolidates and legitimizes the situation and the various positions, the members from each category, are in. Furthermore, it is presented how this takes place over generations; individuals are replaced within the categories, but the categorical behavior consistent. The group of Sama Dilaut does not only deviates from the majority society but also lacks a strong cohesion within their own ethnic group (Elias & Scotson 1999:50-51), which can be applied to other marginalized groups who share a similar history of nomadic traditions.   The organization, PKPKM Sabah, which has been working to legalize their operations, can now provide formal education for the underprivileged children of Sama Dilaut. At the same time, the policy pursued by the government towards illegal immigrants, deprives them of their educational rights, which are granted to them by Education for All. Despite the presence of the PKPKM schools and education centers, the children of Sama Dilaut have very little educational opportunities.

Several studies have shown that the Swedish labour market for different reasons is characterized by ethnical discrimination and that people who have another cultural background than Swedish are being excluded. Most studies done within this area have been focused on why it is harder for immigrants to enter the labour market and identifying the contributing mechanisms for this phenomenon. Instead the aim of this study was to see how the immigrants view their own cultural identity and background and how they perceive that their cultural competences are being valued when they apply for a job. To examine this, the following problematic was used: How does a person who has been brought up with both the Swedish culture and another culture look at using this as a cultural competence when they apply for a job. Two different theories were then applied to analyze the problematic, Erving Goffman´s theory about Stigma and Norbert Elias theory about the Established and the Outsiders. To carry out the study, a qualitative method with interviews was used and 8 people from 6 different cultural backgrounds participated. The results show that if the knowledge that had emerged from a persons cultural background turned out to benefit that person in his or her work situation than that person was more likely to see cultural background as a competence. Although if the condition was the opposite then there was no need to see it or to use it as a competence. Therefore cultural competence seems to be useful in specific situations and in interaction with certain people or groups of people rather than being viewed as an overall, general competence. To accentuate cultural competence also proved to be difficult due to the stereotyped conceptions about immigrants that exist in society. The conclusion of this study is that emphasizing cultural competence can sometimes benefit a person although there is always a risk that it could lead to increased stigmatization.

<p>Several studies have shown that the Swedish labour market for different reasons is characterized by ethnical discrimination and that people who have another cultural background than Swedish are being excluded. Most studies done within this area have been focused on why it is harder for immigrants to enter the labour market and identifying the contributing mechanisms for this phenomenon. Instead the aim of this study was to see how the immigrants view their own cultural identity and background and how they perceive that their cultural competences are being valued when they apply for a job. To examine this, the following problematic was used: How does a person who has been brought up with both the Swedish culture and another culture look at using this as a cultural competence when they apply for a job. Two different theories were then applied to analyze the problematic, Erving Goffman´s theory about Stigma and Norbert Elias theory about the Established and the Outsiders. To carry out the study, a qualitative method with interviews was used and 8 people from 6 different cultural backgrounds participated. The results show that if the knowledge that had emerged from a persons cultural background turned out to benefit that person in his or her work situation than that person was more likely to see cultural background as a competence. Although if the condition was the opposite then there was no need to see it or to use it as a competence. Therefore cultural competence seems to be useful in specific situations and in interaction with certain people or groups of people rather than being viewed as an overall, general competence. To accentuate cultural competence also proved to be difficult due to the stereotyped conceptions about immigrants that exist in society. The conclusion of this study is that emphasizing cultural competence can sometimes benefit a person although there is always a risk that it could lead to increased stigmatization.</p>

The integration policy in Sweden shall encourage individuals to support themselves and take part in society. It shall alsocontribute to equal rights and opportunities for women as well as for men. In Borlänge this has resulted in a program ofintroduction for new arrivals from other countries. However, at the unit responsible for economic support, they havediscovered that women with immigrant background more often than men seem to have trouble starting or became to anending of the program, which then especially leads women to a long-term dependence for economic support. The purpose of this study has therefore been to investigate what factors affect immigrant women’s participation in theintroduction, and what significance this participation has for their possibilities to become economically self-supporting,and integrated into Swedish society. Previous research shows that some of the obstacles for the integration of immigrant women can be that they give birthto many children, are unskilled or have a low degree of education and that they tend to be living under patriarchalgender patterns. Another problem seem to be that some women are not even known as members of the municipalities.All of these problems are as well what was shown in my own study. I have used theoretical perspectives from Bourdieu, Elias & Scotson, Giddens, Roman and al-Baldawi in my analysis.Bourdieu have interesting thoughts about capital, habitus and field, which can help us to understand how individuals arebeing shaped and are given different opportunities to act in a special way or direction. Elias & Scotson describesthrough their study around established and outsiders how the process of integration can take place and what effects thatcan be shown for the opportunities to succeed in that part. Giddens, Roman and al-Baldawi then give us different waysto look at the patriarchy and family structures around the world. The result of this study shows that the willingness to integrate and be able to take care of your own support for living isan important part for the women for succeeding. For the other women, that don’t succeed, it turns out to be just like theprevious research has been shown. Gender patterns, many children and a low or no education skill all seems to be partof the issue. It is also suggested that the generosity of the Swedish welfare system might hinder rather than help someimmigrant women to become integrated into Swedish society.

This qualitative text analysis has studied medias portrayal of Taimour Abdulwahab, Anders Behring Breivik and their respective terrorist attacks. The purpose of the essay was to study the newspapers portrayal of the terrorists, with one terrorist being part of an us group and the other one part of a them group. It also aspires to uncover whether the medias portrayal of the terrorists reproduce mechanisms which help sustain the gap between us and them. To answer the essays research questions we have used the media theory about agenda setting and the sociologists Norbert Elias’ and John L. Scotsons theory about established and outsiders. The analysis of news articles the first two days after the terrorist attacks in Swedish newspapers Expressen and Aftonbladet showed a difference in the portrayal of the established Breivik, whos persona and actions were explained on an individual level, whereas the outsider Abdulwahab was connected to groups and his acts explained on a more structural level. The results have also shown how deeply connected terrorism and Islam are, which especially came through in the articles about Breivik, a Christian ethnic Norwegian man. / Denna kvalitativa textanalysstudie har undersökt medias framställning av Taimour Abdulwahab, Anders Behring Breivik och deras respektive terrordåd. Syftet var att undersöka tidningars framställning av terrorister, där ena terroristen tillhör en vi-grupp och den andra en dem-grupp. Den avser även att se om media reproducerar mekanismer som upprätthåller klyftan mellan vi och dem i sin rapportering av terrordåden. För att svara på forskningsfrågorna har vi tagit hjälp av den medievetenskapliga teorin om dagordningen och dess byggstenar samt sociologerna Norbert Elias och John L. Scotsons teori om etablerade och outsiders. Analysen av artiklar från de två första dagarna efter dåden i Expressen och Aftonbladet visade en skillnad i framställningen hos den etablerade Breivik, som framställdes på ett individuellt plan, medan outsidern Abdulwahab kopplades ihop med grupper och förklarades av strukturella skäl. Resultaten har även visat att terrorism är starkt ihopkopplat med religionen islam, även i Breiviks fall, som inte är muslim.

Since 2015, Greece has been in an unprecedented position. The Syrian civil war triggered the movement of more than 850,000 arrivals into Greece during 2015 (UNHCR, 2015). Being geographically situated as the closest European country to the east of Syria, Greece had to deal with a large increase in the number of migrating peoples to the country and by proxy, the European Union. This research seeks to understand how power relations between the island’s local population and its asylum seeker population are represented through an analysis of the discourse produced by the local daily press. In particular, the research reviews the discourse surrounding the island’s main square occupation by asylum seekers in April 2018. The theory of the established and outsiders is the framework used for the analysis, while Critical Discourse Analysis and General Inductive Approach constitutes the methodological ground of the thesis. The analysis showcases that Lesvos’ local daily press reproduces a discourse in line with the established and outsiders theory, attributing the local population as being established and the asylum seekers as being outsiders.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:42:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rudy Heitor Rosas.pdf: 3661861 bytes, checksum: 906e5775e702dda91c87441329c5b4c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / The following dissertation is the result of an approximation between rap and violence. The initial spark of the research process was Cultural Criminology which, presenting several researches on rock and violence, showed that would be possible a similar research, but with a more national style. Rap was selected because it is currently the music of a stigmatized part of the population, just as the rockers were. To approach the social, it was defined that the research would ally theoretical knowledge on the central themes (rap and violence), with empirical research, to really approach reality and theory. After some incursions into the research, it was defined that the object of this work would be the social representations of rappers about violence. The selected field was CREAS II of Londrina - Paraná. The venue was chosen for sheltering rap composers who are in a situation of violence, either through committing or through living in areas considered violent. The methodology that guides the whole process is the Case Study, with qualitative approach to the research problem. Participant observation, semi-structured interview and documentary research were selected as collection techniques and Bardin content analysis as a technique for the analysis of collected data. The field research was from April to August of 2016, in addition to other virtual contacts. To support the analysis, some theoretical references were chosen: Norbert Elias, with the concepts of mimesis, sociodynamics of power and relationship between established and outsiders; Serge Moscovici with the Social Representations, thus facilitating a better use of what is shared in the common sense of the rappers; And Slavoj Zizek with his categories of violence. The research made it possible to perceive the violence through the reports and experiences of five interviewed subjects, both in their speeches and in their compositions, which often give vent to subjects that they cannot share in daily life. / A dissertação que segue na sequência é fruto de uma aproximação entre o rap e a violência. A fagulha inicial do processo de pesquisa foi a Criminologia Cultural que, ao apresentar diversas pesquisas sobre o rock e a violência, acenderam um alerta no sentido de que seria possível uma pesquisa semelhante, porém com uma roupagem mais nacional. O rap foi selecionado por ser atualmente a música de uma parcela estigmatizada da população, assim como já o foram os rockeiros. Para se aproximar do social, foi definido que a pesquisa aliaria os conhecimentos teóricos sobre as temáticas centrais (rap e violência) com a pesquisa empírica, para aproximar de fato a teoria da realidade. Após algumas incursões na pesquisa, foi definido que o objeto desse trabalho seria as representações sociais de rappers sobre a violência. O campo selecionado foi o CREAS II de Londrina – Paraná. O local foi escolhido por abrigar sujeitos que são compositores de rap e se encontram em situação de violência, ou através do cometimento ou através da habitação em zonas consideradas violentas. A metodologia que norteia todo o processo é o Estudo de Caso, com abordagem qualitativa do problema de pesquisa. Para dar conta da metodologia, foram selecionadas a observação participante, a entrevista semiestruturada e a pesquisa documental como técnicas de coleta e a análise de conteúdo de Bardin como técnica de análise dos dados coletados. Houve permanência em campo de abril a agosto de 2016, além de outros contatos virtuais. Para dar suporte à análise foram eleitos alguns referenciais teóricos, sendo os principais: Norbert Elias, por conta dos conceitos de mimesis, sociodinâmica do poder e relação estabelecidos e outsiders; Serge Moscovici com as Representações Sociais, facilitando assim um melhor aproveitamento do que é partilhado no senso comum dos rappers; e Slavoj Zizek com suas categorias de violência. A pesquisa permitiu perceber a violência através dos relatos e experiências de cinco sujeitos entrevistados, tanto em suas falas como em suas composições, que muitas vezes dão vazão a assuntos que eles não podem ou não conseguem partilhar no cotidiano.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:49:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danile Visnieski.pdf: 1353456 bytes, checksum: 05b0063f367eb23b97f443bf92be26a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-12 / The quiet little town of Palmeira, in the interior of Paraná, allows through a letter that their disputes and tensions are exposed. The formation of a workers association represents more than a place of support and recreation after work, is a space of political disputes. Tensions and conflicts are evidenced throughout the dance of a society that is reconstructed from the early twentieth century, all printed by period changes have not gone unnoticed by the local elite, who insists on remaining in their dominant role and refuses to legitimize representativeness of the new individuals who come to occupy their roles in the political and social landscape of small Palmeira. / Pacata a pequena cidade de Palmeira, no interior do Paraná, permite a partir de um relato contido em uma carta, que suas disputas e tensões sejam expostas. A formação de uma associação mutual operária é muito mais que um espaço de auxílio ou de lazer após o trabalho, é um espaço de disputas políticas. Tensões e conflitos são evidenciados ao longo da baila de uma sociedade que se reconstrói a partir do início do século XX, com todas as mudanças imprimidas pelo período, as quais não passaram despercebidos para a elite local, que insiste em permanecer em seu papel dominante e nega-se a legitimar a representatividade dos novos sujeitos que passam a ocupar seus papeis no cenário político e social da pequena Palmeira.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka boendes egna upplevelser av att bo i Tjärna ängar och undersöka vilka föreställningar de har om hur utomstående ser på bostadsområdet för att se om dessa föreställningar påverkar de boende. Studien är en kvalitativ undersökning där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts. Materialet har analyserats utifrån tre olika tolkningsramar, territoriell stigmatisering, etablerade och outsiders samt media. Resultatet som framkom i studien är att bilden av bostadsområdet Tjärna ängar skiljer sig mellan de boende och samhället. De boende upplever området som tryggt medan samhället ser området som oroligt. De boende menar att medias rapportering är en stor faktor till skapandet av bilden i samhället av bostadsområdet. Vidare framkom att området Tjärna ängar är utsatt för en territoriell stigmatisering. / The purpose of this study is to investigate residents own experience of living in Tjärna ängar and examine the notions they have about how outsiders think of Tjärna ängar to see if these notions affect the residents. The study is a qualitative study in which semi-structured interviews were used. The material has been analyzed from three different theoretical perspectives, territorial stigmatization, established and outsiders and the media. The result showed that the image of the area Tjärna ängar differ between the residents and the community. The residents experience the neighborhood as safe while the community sees it as disordered. The residents think that a major factor in the creation of the image that exists in the community is what media reports about the neighborhood. Furthermore the result showed that the neighborhood Tjärna ängar are subject to a territorial stigmatization.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate segregation from an accommodation perspective. The essay questions how the residents of Ronna feel about their neighborhood and what they think of other people's views of their area. Our purpose is to conduct a qualitative study of whether or not individuals experience residential segregation in Ronna. The essay is based on qualitative interviews, which were conducted with five people who have lived in Ronna for at least five years and who define themselves as Assyrians/Syrians. To analyze our empirical data, we have used two theoretical perspectives. One by Westin and Elias &amp; Scotson, which is the theory about social groups - established and outsiders. The second theory explains how ethnic boundaries and enclaves occur. With the support of previous research, we highlight and define the fundamental factors causing segregation. After analyzing our empirical data, we concluded that residential segregation is a broad concept and that there are several factors that lead to segregation. The result of the study indicates that all informants thrive in their neighborhood and feel a solidarity and cohesion with each other. In Ronna the Assyrian/Syrian is a dominant ethnic community which has formed a strong “We” – group in their neighborhood. / Syfte med denna studie är att belysa boendesegregationen i Ronna ur de boendes perspektiv. Med stöd av några teoretiska perspektiv besvaras frågan om hur invånare i Ronna upplever sitt bostadsområde, samt hur de förhåller sig till andras uppfattningar och föreställningar om sitt område.Studiens syfte uppnås genom en kvalitativ studie om individers upplevelser kring boendesegregationen i Ronna. Uppsatsen är uppbyggd utifrån kvalitativa intervjuer, vilka har genomförts med fem personer i åldrarna 30-45 som för närvarande bor i Ronna sedan minst fem år tillbaka, alla dessa individer definierar sig som assyrier/syrianer. För att analysera intervjumaterialet har vi använt oss av två teoretiska perspektiv. Den ena av dessa är det samhällsvetenskapliga forskningsinriktning som studerar sociala grupper - etablerade och outsiders, därefter har denna teori kompletterats med ett ytterligare teoretiskt perspektiv som redogör för hur etniska gränser och enklaver uppstår. Med hjälp av tidigare forskning belysas och definieras olika bakomliggande faktorer som kan orsaka boendesegregation inom ett bostadsområde. Analysen av intervjumaterialet visar att boendesegregation är ett omfattande fenomen där flera faktorer ger upphov till att segregation uppstår. Studieresultatet påvisar att i Ronna är assyrier/syrianer en dominerande folkgrupp som har skapat en stark vi-grupp i sitt bostadsområde. Samtliga informanter trivs bra i sitt bostadsområde, samt känner en stark gemenskap och tillhörighet.