The Nigerian banking industry has recently witnessed a major scandal resulting from financial impropriety of some corporate leaders in the industry. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) invested the sum of N620 billion ($4.1 billion) as part of a direct bailout package to 8 banks, and removed top executives of those banks for gross leadership ineptitude. The leadership ineptitude is an indication of the need to better understand effective leadership practices in the Nigerian banking industry. Grounded in transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore bank leaders' effective leadership practices used to sustain bank growth in Nigeria beyond 5 years. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 5 Nigerian bank CEOs, direct observation, and document reviews. During thematic analysis, 4 themes emerged including establishing a direction, inspiring and motivating employees, raising other leaders, and developing and using leadership competence. The implications for positive social change include the potential for bank leaders to identify sustainable leadership practices, improve profitability, create more job opportunities, and ease unemployment problems in the community.

Establishing parentage The subject of this master thesis is the issue of establishing parentage. The thesis targets areas of establishing parenthood, issues of three legal presumptions and last but not least, parenthood denial. The question of establishing maternity is examined mainly from perspectives including surrogate maternity, assisted reproduction method and secret and anonymous delivery. All matters are reviewed based on the valid amendment to Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code that has come into effect on 1.1.2014. The goal of the thesis is it to introduce, describe and analyze the new amendment to the Family Act. Further, it aims to compare individual institutions with respect to changes made to the Family Act in the past and those made as a part of the new amendment. The thesis consists of eight key chapters. The initial chapter targets relationships among parents and their children, protection of children's legal rights as well as a child's right to know its biological origin. Following, the second and the third chapters concentrate in depth on legislation of the paternity establishment per se. While the second chapter covers the historical development of the legislation from the ancient Rome era until present, the latter chapter intends to introduce the legislation from domestic,...

This thesis focuses on the collectivization of Czechoslovakian countryside from 1949-1960. The current knowledge of agricultural policy of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia has been extended with the findings from a former Prague Region, present-day Central-bohemian Region. The first part consists of the analysis of the term collectivization in the international context, where a particular attention is paid to the process of collectivization in the Soviet Union. The author follows two main lines of the collectivization in the Czech environment. The former is the establishment of collective farms which formed the main pillar of the countryside socialization, the latter concentrates on the persecution of those who resisted the socialization, i.e. private landowners, known as kulaks. Part of the thesis deals with the agitation which accompanied the creation and running of the collective farms. Last but not least, the thesis includes the reflection of the fight against the kulaks on the pages of the then agricultural press - regional as well as nationwide.

Mit der Arbeit wird der Versuch unternommen, den Zusammenhängen von Biographie- und individuellen Lernprozessen nachzugehen. Dies erfolgt am Beispiel von acht ostdeutschen ExistenzgründerInnen, die sich nach der Wende in den neuen Bundesländern im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel selbständig gemacht haben. Hierbei interessiert die Frage, inwieweit Erfahrungen den Lernprozeß behindert oder gefördert haben. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit bestätigen die hohe Relevanz von Erfahrungen, Handlungsmustern und Verhaltensweisen und weisen auf die Bedeutung emotionaler Faktoren im Lernprozeß hin, die den Lernprozeß sowohl behindert, als auch gefördert haben. Die Autorin zieht hieraus den Schluß, daß individuelle Lernprozesse durch Lernberater zu begleiten und durch den Aufbau von Netzwerken zu unterstützen seien. Voraussetzung hierfür ist eine neue Lernkultur, die an den Biographie- und Kompetenzressourcen der Lerner ansetzt und dem Lehrenden eine beratende und moderierende Rolle im Lernprozeß zuweist. Wesentliche Grundlage sind kooperative und reflexive Kompetenzen und die Fähigkeit, eine vertrauensvolle Atmosphäre zu schaffen, in der sich beide Seiten öffnen können. / This paper attempts to look into the interrelationships between biographical and individual learning processes. The work is based on the example of eight female persons who, following German reunification, became self-employed within the food retail trade in the former East German states. The question of interest here is, in how far past experiences have promoted or impeded the learning process. The results of this work confirm the high relevance of experiences, action patterns and behaviour, and point out the significance of emotional factors within the learning process, through which this process was both impeded as well as promoted. The author comes to the conclusion that individual learning processes should be accompanied by educational consultants and supported through the establishment of networks. A pre-requirement for this is a new learning culture that starts out with the biographical and competence resources of the learning person and assigns to the teaching person a counselling and presenting role within the process of learning. The essential fundamentals are co-operative and reflexive competencies and the ability to create a trusting atmosphere within which both sides can open themselves up.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Basqueira.pdf: 800967 bytes, checksum: 1a6124c77d7fe5944bfd44ddf58de09e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Michael (1982, 1988, 1993, 2000) defines establishing operation as a change in the environment that alters the effectiveness of some object or event as reinforcer and, simultaneously, alters the momentary frequency of the response which have been followed by that reinforcer. According to Michael (1982), the formulation of this new scientific term has more value than mere terminological convenience; the absence of an appropriate term such as establishing operations may have lead to the disregard of the effects mentioned above or to their labeling under other headings. Furthermore, the author suggests that our verbal behavior may be improved if it would be possible to identify in the same term all environmental operations which alter the effectiveness of events as reinforcers and point to the evocative effects of such operations. The present study s objective was to analyze the effects of a change in the form of a verbal response the elaboration of a new term or expression, in this case, establishing operations - in the analytical behavior of analysts behavior. To do this, 31 articles of B. A. Iwata, published in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) between 1990 and 2005 were considered. Results showed a) non- systematic use of the term, b) different analysis when establishing operations were considered, and c) use of the term to refer only to unconditioned establishing operations / Michael (1982, 1988, 1993, 2000) define operação estabelecedora como uma mudança no ambiente que altere a efetividade de algum objeto ou evento enquanto reforçador e, simultaneamente, altere a freqüência momentânea da resposta que tem sido seguido pelo reforçador. Segundo Michael (1982), a formulação desse novo termo científico possui um valor maior do que a mera conveniência terminológica; para ele, a ausência de um termo adequado tal como operações estabelecedoras - pode ter feito com que os efeitos citados tenham sido desconsiderados ou tenham sido classificados em outra nomenclatura. Além disso, o autor sugere que nosso comportamento verbal pode ser melhorado se for possível identificar em um mesmo termo todas as operações do ambiente que alteram a efetividade dos eventos enquanto reforçadores e explicitam também os efeitos evocativos de tais operações. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos de uma alteração na forma do comportamento verbal a elaboração de um novo termo ou expressão, no caso, operações estabelecedoras sobre o comportamento analítico de analistas do comportamento. Para isso, 31 artigos de autoria ou co-autoria de B. A. Iwata publicados no Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) entre 1990 e 2005 foram analisados. Resultados mostraram a) uso não-sistemático do uso do termo, b) diferentes análises quando as operações estabelecedoras foram consideradas, e c) uso do termo para se referir apenas às operações estabelecedoras incondicionadas

The research reported here provides an introduction to a theoretical model of socio-affective competence. This conceptual model of social effectiveness consists of four competencies that are related to the development of effective interpersonal relationships in the workplace. These competencies include: establishing rapport, promoting acceptance of differences, developing trust and cultivating charismatic influence. The socio-affective competence model was formulated in an attempt to integrate research on social and emotional skills that have been linked to performance in organizations. The current research proposed the model and defined its competency areas, designed a socio-affective competence situational judgment test (SAC-SJT), identified the variables that were theoretically related and unrelated to the construct, and provided initial evidence in support of the criterion-related validity of the socio-affective competence framework. Results from two different studies established the foundation of the socio-affective competence nomological network and demonstrated the predictive validity of the SAC-SJT on job performance, relational behaviors, and organizational citizenship performance. The author discusses the benefits of developing interpersonal relationship skills and the relevance of these findings in organizational settings.

Following the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) integrated catchment management plans must be prepared for all river basins, in order to achieve 'good ecological status' (GES) in all EU waters. This concept is a broader measure of water quality than the chemical and biological measures, which were previously dominant in EU water policy. The Directive also calls for a consideration of the economic costs and benefits of improvements to ecological status in catchment management plans, along with the introduction of full social cost pricing for water use. In this thesis, the primary focus is on the use of the Choice Experiment (CE) method. The CE method is reviewed and then used to estimate the value of improvements in a number of components of ecological status on two Irish waterways (the Boyne and the Suir). Apart from CE method another stated preference approach to environmental valuation is also considered; the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). This thesis determines what value the targeted population of the two catchments place on the nonmarket economic benefits of moves towards GES by employing both approaches and various model specifications, while the applicability of Benefit Transfer (BT) method is also assessed under different tests. In addition, the design of the questionnaire used in the survey stage of the research, offered the possibility of investigating issues related to the effect of cognitive ability and psychometric factors on choice. Respondents with discontinuous preferences are identified and analysis is conducted to investigate the implications of not accounting for these preferences. Finally, due to experiencing protesting behaviour by a proportion of the sampling population an attempt is made to investigate the parameters that contributed to this inclination.

The objective of this thesis is to evaluate European States&rsquo / efforts to develop a coherent and effective foreign and security policy in the context of historical evolution of the CFSP. In this thesis, European States&rsquo / efforts to develop a coherent and effective foreign and security policy will be evaluated in three international political contexts. First period is Post World War II Period, second one is Post-Cold War Period and third one is Post September 11 Period. In the context of Post World War II period, European States&rsquo / efforts to develop a coherent and effective foreign and security policy is shaped by the conditions of Cold War, Bipolar World and threat of Soviet expansionism towards Western Europe and characterized by the attempts such as European Defence Community, Fouchet Plan and European Political Cooperation. In the context of Post-Cold War period, European States&rsquo / efforts to develop a coherent and effective foreign and security policy were shaped by ex-Yugoslavian Conflict in early 90s which brought new security challenges such as ethnic conflicts and instability in the ex-Communist States in Central and Eastern Europe. EU&rsquo / s attempts were characterized by the CFSP which was launched by the Maastricht Treaty and the CESDP which emerged after Kosovo War with Saint Malo Declaration as defence dimension of the CFSP. In the context of Post September 11 period, European States&rsquo / efforts to develop a coherent and effective foreign and security policy were shaped by global fight against international terrorism. EU&rsquo / s attempts were characterized by adoption of European Security Strategy which accepted international terrorism, organized crime and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction as key threats towards Europe and aimed at developing a coherent vision of strategic objectives, shared threat assessment for European States in order to prevent divisions among EU States in future international events. The main argument of this thesis is that in order to be an important and effective actor in global politics, EU Member States should act coherently and speak with one voice. Their influence on important international issues is greater if they act as a coherent actor rather than acting individually.

Bakgrund: Vårdrelationen tycks ha stor betydelse för patientens välbefinnande och många faktorer kan påverka utvecklingen av relationen i en positiv riktning. Relationen ses främst som ett medel för att uppnå omvårdnadsmålen, men kan även utgöra ett mål i sig. Tidigare forskning fokuserar på när och hur vårdrelationen innebär ett vårdande för patienten. Studier som har ett helhetsperspektiv och en generell utgångspunkt i patienters preferenser avseende hur sjuksköterskan kan utveckla en god vårdrelation är få. För att kunna utveckla goda vård- relationer till sina patienter behöver sjuksköterskor förstå de faktorer som patienter upplever som betydelsefulla i den goda vårdrelationen. Syfte: Att beskriva faktorer som ur ett patientperspektiv har betydelse för en god vårdrelation mellan patient och sjuksköterska. Metod: För att få fördjupad kunskap om de faktorer patienter finner betydelsefulla för att en god vårdrelation ska utvecklas genomfördes en litteraturstudie av vårdvetenskapliga artiklar om patienters erfarenheter av vårdrelationen. Resultat: Studien resulterade i sex teman som beskriver patienternas förväntningar på sjuk- sköterskans kunskaper, egenskaper och handlingar inom ramen för den goda vårdrelationen. Patienterna värdesätter fysisk närvaro vid omvårdnaden, ett medmänskligt och respektfullt bemötande, att sjuksköterskan är professionell och förtroendeingivande, har ett personcent- rerat engagemang samt kommunikationsförmåga. Av sjätte temat framgår att patienten, och inte bara sjuksköterskan, lägger ner stora ansträngningar på att en vårdrelation ska utvecklas. Diskussion: Patienter vill bli sedda och respekterade som unika individer, med sina behov och förutsättningar. De vill möta en sjuksköterska som är intresserad och engagerad, inte bara i patienten som person, utan även i sin profession och utvecklingen av den, för att uppnå patientens främsta mål – nämligen förbättrad hälsa. Patienterna vill uppleva symmetri i engagemanget för relationen och utifrån detta gemensamt arbeta mot ökat välbefinnande. Resultatet har många beröringspunkter med Travelbees teori om mellanmänskliga relationer.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of conditions for establishing a company in the European Union. This work defines basic business terms and discusses the historical development of the business environment and conditions for establishing a company in the territory of today's European Union. Surveys the legal forms of businesses and analyzes the procedure of founding a company in Czech Republic, in selected EU member states and in the European Union. It deals with taxes and the impact of the tax policy on the establishment of companies. The work identifies and evaluates the criteria which determine conditions for starting up a business and their development in time. It compares the results of the EU member states and based on the analyzed data helps to decide whether it is better and for what kind of a company to establish a company in Czech Republic or in another country in EU.