INTRODUCCIÓN: El manejo de los diabéticos es complejo debido a múltiples factores de riesgo asociados y complicaciones que disminuyen su calidad de vida. OBJETIVOS: Determinar si la prevalencia de actividad física y tiempo sentado viendo TV difieren según el estado de glicemia en población entre 30 a 69 años residentes de Tumbes. METODOLOGIA: Análisis de datos secundarios de un estudio de base poblacional. Dos fueron las variables de respuesta, nivel de actividad física y tiempo sentado viendo TV. La exposición fue estado de glicemia categorizada en euglicémico, disglicémico y diabético tipo 2, dividida en diabético no consciente y consciente de su enfermedad. Se reportó el análisis con razones de prevalencia e intervalos de confianza al 95% utilizando modelos de regresión de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Los datos de 1607 participantes se analizaron, 809 (50.3%) fueron mujeres, la edad media fue 48.2 años (DE 10.6). La prevalencia de diabetes total fue 11.0% (IC95% 9.5% - 12.6%) y disglicemia 16.9% (IC95% 15.1% - 18.8%). Un total de 605 (37.6%; IC95% 35.2% -39.9%) reportaron bajos niveles de actividad física y 1019 (63.3%; IC95% 60.9% - 65.7%) pasar ≥2 horas al día sentados viendo TV. En modelo multivariado, no se encontró asociación significativa entre estado de glicemia y niveles de actividad física (RP= 1.14; IC95% 0.95-1.36); igualmente entre estado de glicemia y tiempo sentado viendo TV. Sin embargo, los diabéticos conscientes fueron más probables de tener bajos niveles de actividad física comparados con los euglicémicos (RP= 1.31; IC 95% 1.06-1.61). CONCLUSIONES: No se encontró asociación significativa entre estado de glicemia, nivel de actividad física y tiempo sentado viendo TV, hallándose niveles similares de actividad física entre euglicémicos, disglicémicos y diabéticos. Los diabéticos conscientes tienen 30% más probabilidad de presentar actividad física baja respecto a euglicémicos. Se recomienda aumentar los niveles de actividad física para prevenir complicaciones de DM2. / INTRODUCTION: The management of diabetics is complex due to multiple associated risk factors and complications that decrease their quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the prevalence of physical activity levels and sitting time watching TV differ depending on glycemia status in population between 30 and 69 years old living in Tumbes. METHODS: A secondary analysis using data from a population-based study was conducted. Two were the outcomes: physical activity levels and sitting time watching TV. The exposure was glycemia status categorized into euglycemia, dysglycemia and T2DM. The T2DM group was further split into: aware and unaware of T2DM diagnosis. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% CI were reported using Poisson regression models. RESULTS: Data of 1607 individuals, mean age 48.2 (SD:10.6) years, 809 (50.3%) females, were analyzed. Dysglicemia and T2DM was present in 16.9% (95% CI: 15.1% 18.8%) and 11.0% (95% CI: 9.5%-12.6%) of participants, respectively. A total of 605 (37.6%; 95% CI: 35.2%-39.9%) had low levels of physical activity and 1019 (63.3%; 95% CI: 60.9%-65.7%) spent ≥2 hours per day sitting watching TV. In multivariable model, there was no significant association between glycemia status and physical activity levels (PR =1.14; 95% CI: 0.95- 1.36). Similarly between glycemia status and sitting time watching TV. However, those aware of T2DM diagnosis were more likely to have low levels of physical activity (PR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.06-1.61) compared to the euglycemics. CONCLUSIONS: We found a no relationship between glycemia status and physical activity level or sitting time watching TV, pointing out similar levels of physical activity among those with euglycemia, dysglicemia and T2DM. Individuals aware of having T2DM were 30% more likely to have low physical activity levels compared to the euglycemics. There is a need to increase physical activity levels among T2DM individuals to prevent DM2 complications. / Tesis

Introducción: El consumo de bebidas azucaradas (SSB) se ha relacionado con un incremento en el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), lo cual sería especialmente preocupante en poblaciones con un potencial de exposición prolongada, tales como estudiantes. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre el consumo calórico proveniente de SSB medido mediante el cuestionario Bevq-15 e IMC en estudiantes de carreras de ciencias de la salud de una universidad peruana. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico en base a la medición del consumo calórico de 15 bebidas mediante la administración del cuestionario BEVQ-15 y la toma de medidas antropométricas a universitarios durante 2018 - 2019. Se evaluó la asociación cruda y ajustada usando modelos de regresión lineal. Resultados: Se incluyó a 350 personas. La mediana fue de 21 años y el 58.29% fueron mujeres. La mediana del IMC fue de 24.00 (21.75 - 26.90). El consumo promedio de calorías provenientes de bebidas azucaradas fue de 25.35 kcal/día. Se asoció un IMC menor con el sexo femenino (p<0.001), la carrera de nutrición (p=0.002) y nunca haber consumido tabaco (p=0.027). Se asoció un IMC mayor a la dislipidemia (p=0.014) y a un mayor consumo de calorías diarias provenientes de SSB (p<0.001). En el análisis multivariado se encontró asociación significativa entre el consumo de calorías provenientes de SSB y el IMC, ajustado por edad, sexo y tabaquismo (coeficiente β: 0.68; IC95% 0.04-1.33; p=0.037). Conclusiones: Se encontró asociación entre el consumo de calorías derivadas de SSB y un mayor IMC. Se debe impulsar intervenciones destinadas a la disminución de su consumo en estudiantes. / Introduction: The consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) has been related to an increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI), which would be especially worrisome in populations with a prolonged exposure potential, such as students. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the caloric intake from SSB measured by the Bevq-15 questionnaire and BMI in health sciences students at a Peruvian university. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study based on the measurement of the caloric consumption of 15 beverages based on the administration of the BEVQ-15 questionnaire and the measurement of college students’ anthropometric measurements during 2018-2019. The crude and adjusted association were evaluated using linear regression models. Results: We enrolled 350 participants. The median age was 21 years and 58.29% were women. The median BMI was 24.00 (21.75 - 26.90). The average consumption of calories from SSB was 25.35 kcal/day. A lower BMI was associated with the female sex (p <0.001), the nutrition career (p = 0.002) and never having used tobacco (p = 0.027). A higher BMI was associated with dyslipidemia (p = 0.014) and a greater consumption of daily calories from SSB (p <0.001). In the multivariate analysis, a significant association was found between the consumption of calories from SSB and BMI, adjusted for age, sex and smoking (β coefficient: 0.68, 95% CI 0.04-1.33, p = 0.037). Conclusions: An association was found between the consumption of calories derived from SSB and a higher BMI. Interventions aimed at reducing student consumption should be promoted. / Tesis

El presente trabajo de investigación aborda los principales factores que influyen en la intención de compra de productos orgánicos. Para su desarrollo se utilizaron investigaciones previas con las que se pudo conocer la exploración académica e información obtenida hasta el momento por diversos autores. A partir de ello, se definieron y conceptualizan las variables más relevantes: Producto alimenticio orgánico, conocimiento orgánico, normas subjetivas, estilo de vida saludable, intención de compra seleccionadas en base las investigaciones previas que han estudiado el tema aplicado en diversos países. Asimismo, se pudo delimitar el significado académico de cada factor involucrado en la presente indagación y se ha expuesto la relación evidenciada entre las variables para identificar cómo impactan en la intención de compra hacia los alimentos orgánicos. / This research work addresses the main factors that influence the purchase intention of organic products. For its development, previous research was used with which it was possible to know the academic exploration and information obtained so far by various authors. Based on this, the most relevant variables were defined and conceptualized: organic food product, organic knowledge, subjective norms, healthy lifestyle, purchase intention selected based on previous research that has studied the issue applied in various countries. Likewise, it was possible to delimit the academic meaning of each factor involved in this investigation and the relationship evidenced between the variables has been exposed to identify how they impact the purchase intention towards organic foods. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente estudio relaciona las estrategias cognitivas de regulación emocional, estilos de vida y satisfacción con la vida en una muestra de 191 estudiantes universitarios de Lima, de sexo femenino y masculino, entre 18 y 26 años de edad. Se utilizaron la Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionarie (CERQ-18), el Cuestionario de Estilos de Vida en Jóvenes universitarios (CEVJU-R) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la vida (SWLS). Lo resultados reportaron que existe una correlación significativa entre la Satisfacción con la vida con el uso de las estrategias cognitivas de regulación emocional de Culpar a otros (r=-.120), Catastrofización (r=-.247), Focalización Positiva (r=.242), Reinterpretación Positiva (r=.417) y Refocalización en los planes (r=.333). Asimismo, existe una correlación significativa con los estilos de vida de alimentación (r=-.247), Sueño (r=-.128), Relaciones interpersonales (r=-.258), Afrontamiento (r=-.256), y Estado emocional (r=-.418). Por otra parte, las Estrategias Cognitivas de Regulación Emocional correlacionaron significativamente con los Estilos de Vida. Al comparar la SWLS, las ECRE y el CEVJU-R según género, se reportó que hay una diferencia significativa (p < .05) en la Actividad Física y Consumo de Alcohol, Cigarrillo y Drogas entre hombres y mujeres. Además, existe una diferencia significativa en la dimensión de Catastrofización (p < .05) entre hombres y mujeres. / The present study relates the cognitive strategies of emotional regulation, lifestyles and satisfaction with life in a sample of 191 university students from Lima, female and male, between 18 and 26 years of age. The Emotional Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-18), the University Youth Lifestyle Questionnaire (CEVJU-R) and the Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) were used. The results reported that there is a significant correlation between Satisfaction With Life with the use of cognitive strategies of other emotional regulation of Blaming (r = -. 120), Catastrophizing (r = -. 247), Positive Focusing (r = .242), Positive Reinterpretation (r = .417) and Refocusing on the planes (r = .333). And a significant correlation with Eating Lifestyles (r = -. 247), Sleep (r = -. 128), Interpersonal relationships (r = -. 258), Coping (r = -. 256), and Emotional State (r = -. 418). On the other hand, Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies have a significant correlation with Lifestyles. When comparing SWLS, ECRE and CEVJU-R according to gender, it was reported that there is a significant difference (p <.05) between Physical Activity and Consumption of Alcohol, Cigarettes and Drugs between men and women. And a significant difference in the Catastrophization dimension (p <.05) between men and women. / Tesis

Con el inicio de la pandemia del covid19, toda la humanidad pasó por momentos muy complicados en sus vidas, muchísimo más las personas que necesitan de alguna ayuda por diferentes problemas y no tienen con quién desahogarse; en medio de todo el caos nace la idea de crear un espacio en donde las personas puedan comunicarse con un profesional de la salud mental que los ayude a pasar por estos procesos tan complicados, no solo durante esta pandemia transitoria sino también luego de la misma, ayudarlos a pasar por los diferentes problemas que se crean por estar encerrado tantos meses, por no tener contacto con absolutamente nadie con quien no vivas, por perder a diferentes seres queridos de forma tan abrupta e inesperada, por el dolor tan profundo de la soledad en la que se encuentran millones de personas dado a estos acontecimientos. D´Mente es el nombre que se le dio al presente proyecto desarrollado en medio de la pandemia mundial del covid19, que tiene como función principal que jóvenes entre 18 y 28 años de edad tengan un espacio seguro en el cuál puedan hablar con los diferentes psicólogos contratados, estas charlas individuales o grupales se realizarán por medio de una aplicación desarrollada específicamente para este proyecto, los jóvenes no solo tienen la opción de tener sesiones semanales entre 45 y 60 minutos dependiendo del plan por el que opten (Standard y Premium), sino también podrán descargar música, participar de sesiones grupales, realizar actividades que los ayuden a distraer su mente, entre otras. Cabe resaltar que la salud mental es un tema del cuál se debería poder hablar abiertamente y por el cual se debería tener mucha más información sobre ayuda de la que se encuentra hoy en día, es dado a la falta de información encontrada que se le ha concedido una gran importancia en los últimos años y se ha creado una aplicación para que se faciliten muchos temas, todos se merecen estar tranquilos, poder conversar de sus problemas y ser felices con sus vidas día a día. / With the beginning of covid-19, the pandemic to be more specific, all of humanity went through very complicated moments on their lives, a lot of people needed more help for different problems and have no one to vent to. In the middle of all the chaos and death, it was born the idea of ​​creating a space where people could communicate with a professional of mental health to help them go through these complicated processes, not only during this transitory pandemic but also after everything, this space is to help them go through different problems that are created by being locked up for so many months, by not having contact with absolutely anyone whom you do not live with, by losing different loved ones so abruptly and unexpectedly, by the deep pain of loneliness in which millions of people are now a days. D'Mente is the name given to this project developed in the middle of the global covid-19 pandemic, whose main function is that young people between 18 and 28 years old have a safe space in which they can talk with different psychologists, this individual or group talks will be carried out through an application developed specifically for this project, young people not only have the option of having weekly sessions between 45 and 60 minutes depending on the plan they choose (Standard and Premium), but also they will be able to download music, participate in group sessions, perform activities that help them distract their minds, among others. We have to be very aware that mental health is a topic that should be openly discussed and for which there should be much more information about help than is found today, due to the lack of information found an application has been created to facilitate many topics, everyone deserves to be calm, everyone deserves to be able to talk about their problems and be happy with their life’s day by day. / Trabajo de investigación

En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un plan de negocio basado en la creación de un aplicativo que ofrece una alternativa para incentivar en trabajar un estilo de vida saludable en peruanos que quieran este cambio. Mediante este aplicativo, los usuarios podrán acceder a una variedad de recetas, rutinas de entrenamiento, asistencia con nutricionistas y psicólogos, asimismo, contempla el seguimiento a través de estadísticas de los objetivos planteados. Como parte del análisis, se identificó una tendencia en aumento, la alimentación saludable a partir de la toma de conciencia sobre lo que consumen, no obstante, las actividades que desarrollan en su día a día complican la preparación de una dieta equilibrada y nutritiva. Por ende, Nutritime se posiciona como una propuesta de bienestar integral, con un servicio completo que acompañe en el logro de los objetivos que se proponen. Asimismo, se validó el modelo de negocio, para conocer la viabilidad del Business Model Canvas, por ende, se ejecutó entrevistas que ayudaron a analizar y evaluar la posibilidad de realizar mejoras. Para validar la idea de negocio, se requirió un análisis a nivel financiero, por lo que para su implementación se requiere una inversión de S/.58,999.75 compuesta por gastos preoperativos, gastos administrativos y capital de trabajo; en donde el 84.75% es financiado por las accionistas y se optó por el capital ángel como una forma atractiva para financiar el monto restante y que no requiere de altas tasas como lo son los préstamos por entidades bancarias. / This project is a business plan for the creation of an application that offers an alternative to encourage and contribute to working a healthy lifestyle in Peruvians who want to make this change. Through this app users will be able to access a variety of easy recipes, training routines, assistance with health professionals: psychologist and nutritionist, belonging to the community and monitoring with statistics of the proposed objective. As part of the analysis, it was possible to identify an increasing trend of healthy eating, because people have become more aware of foods that they eat and want to find a balance. However, the activities that they do in their day to day complicate the preparation of a balanced diet with necessary nutrients. Therefore, Nutritime’s offer is an integral wellness proposal physically and mentally, providing a complete service that accompanies the user to achieve the goals that have been proposed. Thus, the business model was validated, to validate the viability of the Business Model Canvas, therebefore, interviews were carried out that helped to analyze and evaluate the possibility of making improvements. To validate the business idea, a financial analysis was required, so its implementation requires an investment of S/.58,99.75 composed of pre-operating expenses, administrative expenses and working capital was chosen. 84.75% is financed by shareholders and angel capital was chosen as an attractive way to finance the remaining amount and that does not require high rates such as loans from banks. / Trabajo de investigación

[pt] Dentre as inúmeras transformações nas relações humanas neste século, o papel dos animais domésticos tem demonstrado expansão singular em significado, as atuais conexões entre humano e animal evoluíram, assumindo características de relações sociais. A consequente repercussão deste fenômeno é observada no mercado de produtos e serviços. A alimentação oferecida aos animais por décadas, a ração seca, passa a ser questionada e atributos associados antes apenas a humanos passaram a ser buscados também para os animais de estimação. Tutores passaram a adotar a alimentação natural como alternativa mais saudável. Este trabalho através de exploração temática qualitativa, oferece uma visão mais profunda das características e estilo de vida, as motivações e implicações desta decisão. Como oportunidade de determinar estratégias mais assertivas de satisfação para esses tutores. / [en] Among the many transformations in human relationships in this century, the role of domestic animals has demonstrated a singular expansion in meaning, the current connections between human and animal have evolved, assuming characteristics of social relationships. The consequent repercussion of this phenomenon is observed in the market of products and services. The food offered to animals for decades, dry food, is now being questioned and attributes previously associated only with humans are now also sought for pets. Pet owners started to adopt natural food, as a healthier alternative. This work through qualitative thematic exploration, offers a deeper vision of the characteristics and lifestyle, the motivations, and implications of this decision. As an opportunity to determine more assertive satisfaction strategies for these tutors.

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) tem atividade física reduzida. Barreiras que limitam a atividade física e a medida objetiva da limitação ainda são pouco estudadas nesta população. Conhece-las permite um planejamento adequado para incremento da atividade de vida diária (AVD). OBJETIVO: Comparar a AVD de portadores de DPOC e controles com um sensor de movimento, identificar barreiras que impedem a AVD e correlaciona-los à gravidade da dispneia, ao teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6) e um escore de limitação da AVD. MÉTODOS: O número de passos, a distância percorrida em quilômetros e o tempo de caminhada foram registrados por um acelerômetro de bolso e um pedômetro durante 7 dias consecutivos. Um questionário de barreiras percebidas e a escala AVD (LCADL) foram utilizados para qualificar fatores que impedem a AVD. A dispneia foi medida por duas escalas distintas e a capacidade física submáxima pelo TC6. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 40 sujeitos com DPOC e 40 controles saudáveis. Os pacientes com DPOC realizaram tempo menor de caminhada (68,5 ± 25,8 minutos/dia vs. 105,2 ± 49,4; p < 0,001), menor distância (3,9 ± 1,9 km/dia vs. 6,4 ± 3,2; p < 0,001) e menor número de passos/dia. A falta de estrutura, influência social e falta de vontade foram as principais barreiras referidas para realização de AVD. O TC6 correlacionou-se com os resultados do acelerômetro, mas o LCADL não. CONCLUSÃO: Portadores de DPOC são menos ativos quando comparados a adultos saudáveis. Sedentarismo e as barreiras para atividade física tem implicação imediata na prática clínica indicando medidas de intervenção precoce / INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have reduced physical activity. Barriers that limit physical activity and objective measures of limitation are poorly studied in this population. The knowledge of them allows a proper planning for increased physical activity. OBJECTIVES: To compare ADLs in COPD patients and controls using a motion sensor, identify perceived barriers that prevent AVD and correlate them to the severity of dyspnea, to the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and a score of AVD limitation. METHODS: An pocket accelerometer and a pedometer recorded the number of steps, distance in Km and walking time for seven consecutive days. A survey of perceived barriers and the ADL scale (LCADL) were used to describe factors that prevent AVD. Dyspnea was measured by two different scales and submaximal exercise capacity by 6MWT. RESULTS: 40 subjects with COPD and 40 healthy controls were evaluated. Patients with COPD performed less time walking (68.5 ± 25.8 minutes / day vs. 105.2 ± 49.4; p < 0.001), shorter distance (3.9 ± 1.9 km / day vs. 6.4 ± 3.2; p < 0.001) and a smaller number of steps/day. The lack of infrastructure, social influences and unwillingness were the main barriers to performing ADLs. The 6MWT correlated with the results of the accelerometer, but not LCADL. CONCLUSION: Patients with COPD are less active compared to healthy adults. Sedentary and barriers to physical activity has immediate implications in clinical practice indicating early intervention measures

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-10-02T14:18:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLA LOUREIRO MIGUEL.pdf: 964855 bytes, checksum: 6616e8f7c99078e2a6c72141143400a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-02T14:18:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLA LOUREIRO MIGUEL.pdf: 964855 bytes, checksum: 6616e8f7c99078e2a6c72141143400a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-08-01 / The relationship that young student workers establish with fashion in clothes is discussed, given that there is a field (of fashion) with all its specificities and strategies which constructs values and belief in its goods. Both the classified and classifying goods as well as the hierarchical and hierarchizing goods create a cultural necessity and legitimize the dominant culture. This study is based on Bourdieu’s theory of practice. It analyses the meaning of family, school and work for these young workers when drawing up their values and choices (habitus), and recognizes in the type of work that they carry out (domestic help and sales women), the fundamental structure in the formation of their likes, their life style, and, especially, of the meaning that fashion in clothes acquires, depending on the place in the social strata where they find themselves. / Discute-se a relação que jovens estudantes trabalhadoras estabelecem com a modavestimenta, sendo que existe um campo (da moda) com suas especificidades e estratégias construindo valores e a crença em seus bens. Bens classificados e classificantes, hierarquizados e hierarquizantes, criando a necessidade cultural e legitimando a cultura dominante. Fundamenta- se na teoria da prática de Bourdieu. Esse trabalho analisa o significado da família, da escola e do trabalho para essas jovens na construção de seus valores e escolhas (habitus), reconhecendo no tipo de ocupação (domésticas e vendedoras) que exercitam, a estrutura fundamental na formação do gosto, do estilo de vida e, principalmente o sentido que a modavestimenta adquire, a partir da posição que se encontram no espaço social.

GADELHA, Kaciano Barbosa. Um barulho na cidade: culturas juvenis e espaço urbano. 2007. 138f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Liliane oliveira (morena.liliane@hotmail.com) on 2011-11-29T10:34:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_DIS_KBGADELHA_noPW.pdf: 4446608 bytes, checksum: f332468e708395d47d98a55b28eefa94 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2011-11-29T14:55:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_DIS_KBGADELHA_noPW.pdf: 4446608 bytes, checksum: f332468e708395d47d98a55b28eefa94 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-11-29T14:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_DIS_KBGADELHA_noPW.pdf: 4446608 bytes, checksum: f332468e708395d47d98a55b28eefa94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / This dissertation deals with the relation between youth cultures and urban space in reference to the leisure spaces. The empirical reference area chosen was Noise 3D club, a night club in the area of Centro Cultural Dragão do Mar in Fortaleza. The author discusses the relations between musical styles and the symbolic appropriation forms of the city, with emphasis in the subjective aspect and in the temporal dynamic of youth cultures. The methodological procediments consisted in interviews, fieldwork (participant observation) and research in archives. The author concludes with a perception of the youth cultures in the contemporary city where the ephemeral character of the established social links is every more time present. / Essa dissertação trata da relação entre as culturas juvenis e o espaço urbano a partir dos espaços de lazer. O espaço investigado foi o Noise 3D Club, estabelecimento localizado na área do entorno do Centro Cultural Dragão do Mar. O autor discute as relações entre os estilos musicais e o modo de apropriação da cidade, dando ênfase ao aspecto subjetivo e às dinâmicas temporais das culturas juvenis. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados consistiram na realização de entrevistas, trabalho de campo (observação participante) e pesquisa em arquivos. O autor conclui apontando uma percepção das culturas juvenis na cidade contemporânea cada vez mais atravessadas pela efemeridade e transitoriedade dos laços sociais que se estabelecem.