<p>  </p> <p>Food system STEM projects have the capacity to motivate high school students in urban schools. This study explored food as a context to engage students because everyone interacts with food on a daily basis and has had cultural experiences related to food. An integrated STEM approach in combination with a systems thinking approach challenged students to make transdisciplinary connections, view problems from different perspectives, analyze complex relationships, and develop 21st-century and career skills (Hilimire et al., 2014; Nanayakkara et al., 2017). The purpose of this study was to describe and explain the relevance students perceive in Ag+STEM content by measuring high school students' self-efficacy, intrinsic value, attainment value, cost value, and utility value after participating in a food system STEM project. The study was informed by Eccles and Wigfield’s (2020) Situated Expectancy Value Theory. The convenience sample of this study was comprised of high school students from metropolitan area schools. High school students completed a food system STEM project with a food system context. Quantitative data was collected using the developed Food System Motivation questionnaire. Data were collected through a retrospective pre-test and a post-test. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data including means and standard deviations. Relationships were explored by calculating correlations.</p> <p>There were four conclusions from this study. First, high school students were somewhat interested, felt it was important to do well, and agreed there were costs regarding participation in the food system STEM project. Second, high school students reported higher personal and local utility value motivation after completing the food system STEM project. Third, high school students were somewhat self-efficacious in completing the project tasks and completing the project tasks informed by their cultural identity and experiences. Fourth, intrinsic value and attainment value motivation (independent variables) were related to personal and local utility value motivation and project and cultural self-efficacy motivation (dependent variables). Implications for practice and recommendations for future research were discussed.</p>

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Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka vilka arbetssätt lärare upplever bidrar till att elever känner motivation till läsning av skönlitteratur samt att ta reda på vilka utmaningar lärare står inför i det arbetet. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio informanter. Den tidigare forskningen som ligger till grund för studien handlar om hur skönlitteratur och läsning hänger ihop, hur läsning och motivation hänger ihop samt hur lärare arbetar med läsning. Studiens teoretiska grund bygger på den sociokulturella teorin av Lev Vygotskij samt expectancy-value theory som är grundad av Jacquelynne Eccles och hennes kollegor. Det resultat som studien visade var att lärarna som deltog i studien har flera metoder för att försöka ge eleverna motivation till läsning av skönlitteratur som placering, arbete med val av böcker, använda yttre aktörer och högläsning. De utmaningar som lärare upplever beskriver de som arbetet mot hemmen, elevens sociala situation, gruppstorleken samt dynamiken i gruppen. / The purpose of this study was to explore what working methods teachers consider having a contribution to the feeling of motivation in students regarding reading fiction and also what challenges teachers face with this work. This study was conducted using a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews with ten informants. The previous research that is the foundation for this study reflects how reading of fiction and reading are connected, how reading and motivation are connected and how teachers work with reading in the classroom. The study's theoretical basis is based on the sociocultural theory of Lev Vygotsky and expectancy-value theory, which was founded by Jacquelynne Eccles and her colleagues. The result of this study showed that the teachers that were participating used multiple methods in their work trying to motivate students to read fiction. Among these are placement in the classroom, thought into choosing books, the usage of external actors and reading aloud. The challenges that teachers face are described by the informers in this study as the collaboration with the home, the students social situation, group size and the dynamic of the group.

Au cours des dernières années, les communautés virtuelles de patients se sont énormément développées sur l'Internet. Ces communautés permettent des échanges fréquents entre les patients, qui peuvent partager des informations liées à la santé dans un environnement interactif. Alors que beaucoup s'accordent sur l'opportunité représentée par ces communautés pour ses utilisateurs, les connaissances sur ce qui détermine l'action collective en ligne des patients ainsi que sur les fondamentaux de l'action collective en ligne dans ces espaces virtuels sont relativement peu développées. En conséquence, ce travail doctoral examine les raisons pour lesquelles les patients interagissent entre eux et comment ils procèdent. En nous appuyant sur le modèle du comportement orienté vers un but, la théorie de la valeur de l'attente, la théorie des forces du champ, les concepts de dons et les interviews menées, nous avons développé un modèle qui examine les interactions en ligne des patients dans un contexte d'action collective en ligne. Une approche multi-méthode, qualitative et quantitative, permet d'explorer les interactions des patients et de mesurer les déterminants de l'action collective en ligne sur ces espaces virtuels. L'analyse qualitative de 54 entretiens menés avec des patients, des proches de patients, des professionnels de la santé 2.0, des médecins et des soignants permet d'affiner le modèle de recherche, qui a ensuite été testé au travers d'une enquête quantitative auprès de 269 patients. Cette recherche contribue à la recherche en systèmes d'information en augmentant nos connaissances sur la dynamique individuelle et les interactions qui entourent les communautés de patients en ligne. / Over the last few years, virtual patients’communities have been developing tremendously over the Internet. These Web 2.0 communities allow frequent interactions among patients, who can share health-related information within an interactive environment. While many agree on the opportunity represented by those communities for its users, we know very little about what determines patients’ online collective action, specifically on virtual communities as well as the fundamentals of online collective action in these virtual spaces. Accordingly, this doctoral work examines why patients interact with others and how they interact on topics related to their disease through these virtual communities. Drawing on the goal-directed behavior (MGB), the expectancy-value (EVT) theories, the field force theory, gift concepts and field interviews, we have developed a model for examining patients’ online interactions and identified gift-giving behaviors in the context of online collective action. A multi-method, qualitative and quantitative approaches, enables us to explore patients’ interactions and measures the determinants of online collective action on these virtual spaces. The qualitative analysis of 54 interviews conducted with patients, patient’s relatives, Health 2.0 professionals, doctors and caregivers allows refining the research model, which has then been tested through a survey handled with 269 patients, members of patient’s communities. This research contributes to IS research by increasing our knowledge regarding the individual dynamics and interactions that surround online patients’ communities.