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In this thesis, the focus is to enhance our understanding of the collaboration process within film music production, with the intention of applying this knowledge to music education. Data were collected through video observations and analyzed using Biasutti's (2018) theory and thematic analysis. The results reveal that collaborative film music production comprises five key themes, initially derived from Biasutti (2018). However, modifications to these themes emerged as a result of the study's application in a music production scenario rather than a compositional scenario. The identified themes are experimenting, listening/evaluating, constructing, recording, and sound design/mixing. The results show that these various themes are interwoven in different ways. Together, they intricately shape the collaborative process of music production. The interplay between experimentation, listening/evaluating, constructing, recording, and sound design/mixing underscores the depth and complexity of collaborative music production.

I denna uppsats har jag fördjupat mig inom filmmusik och dess påverkan på handlingen och stämningen till det visuella. Frågeställningarna har främst syftat till att förstå vilka musikaliska parametrar som kan användas för att skapa olika känslor hos lyssnaren/tittaren. Jag ville också veta hur andra kompositörer arbetar för att nå de reslutaten. Med hjälp av intervjuer av filmproducenter och via litteratur har jag fått kunskaper i ämnet. Utifrån dem genomförde jag sedan ett experiment där jag till fyra korta filmklipp skrev två varianter av musik till vartdera klippet. Jag hade i förväg bestämt vilken känsla eller stämning de skulle ha och jag jobbade medvetet med det i åtanke. Med dessa exempel visas tydligt skillnaden med de musikaliska parametrarna och vilka effekter de ger. Vidare så går jag in i en diskussionsdel igenom intervjusvaren, litteraturen och artiklar och jämför, kommenterar och sammanfattar. / In this essay, I have delved into film music and its influence on the narrative and mood of the visuals. The questions have mainly aimed to understand which musical parameters can be usedto create different emotions in the listener/viewer. I also wanted t o know how other composers work to achieve those results. With the help of interviews with film music producers and via literature, I have gained knowledge on the subject. Based on them, I then carried out an experiment where I wrote variations of music to four short film clips, two for each clip. I had decided in advance what feeling or mood they would have, and I consciously worked with that in mind. With these examples, the differences with the musical parameters and the effects they produce are clearly shown. Furthermore, in a discussion part, I go through the interview responses, the literature and articles and compare, comment and summarize.

The Basilica Notre-Dame Choir accompanying screenings of The Hunchback of Notre Dame at the Regent in 1924, imaginative community prologues before Mary Pickford’s Pollyanna at the Russell in 1920, and costumed opera soloists singing alongside the showing of The Bohemian Girl at the Imperial in 1926: the history of Ottawa’s silent cinemas is an exciting mix of film, theatre, technology, music, and community. Unfortunately, Ottawa’s musical history in the early 1900s has been, by and large, forgotten, and local cinema histories are relatively sparse. In much the same manner that Ottawa theatres incorporated both North American and local elements into their programming, this thesis demonstrates that an examination of the musicians of local cinemas can not only provide information to understand the development of silent film music practices in general, but also unveil a network of musicians and a series of important histories. This thesis reconstructs parts of Ottawa’s silent film music history using a number of methodologies (digital research, archival research, and social network mapping) and primary sources (IATSE union documents, Department of Labour strike documents, newspapers, and trade journals). It also analyses several screenings where music and film were uniquely combined and introduces key figures in Ottawa’s silent film music scene (including violinist Rudolph Pelisek and organist Amédée Tremblay), showing how their training provided prestige to cinemas and how their involvement in military, religious, and communal activities added to cinemas’ appeal. ----- Le Chœur de la Basilique Notre-Dame accompagnant les présentations du film The Hunchback of Notre Dame au Regent en 1924, les prologues communautaires inventifs avant le Pollyanna de Mary Pickford au Russell en 1920, et les soloistes d’opéra chantant à côté de la projection de The Bohemian Girl à l’Imperial en 1926: l’histoire des cinémas muets d’Ottawa est un mélange excitant de film, théâtre, technologie, musique et communauté. Malheureusement, le passé musical d’Ottawa au début du vingtième siècle a été largement oublié, et les histoires locales du cinéma sont relativement rares. De la même façon que les théâtres d’Ottawa incluaient à la fois des éléments locaux et nord-américains dans leur programmation, cette thèse démontre qu’un examen des musiciens des cinémas locaux peut non seulement procurer des renseignements pour comprendre le développement de la musique du cinéma muet en général, mais encore lever le voile sur un réseau de musiciens et une série de récits d’importance. Cette thèse reconstruit des aspects de l’histoire de la musique du du cinéma muet à Ottawa en utilisant un plusieurs méthodologies (la recherche numérique, la recherche en archives, et la cartographie des réseaux sociaux) et de sources primaires (documents du syndicat ouvrier IATSE, documents de grève du ministère fédéral du Travail, quotidiens, et revues spécialisées). La thèse analyse aussi quelques instances uniques de combinaison de musique et de film, et présente des personnages clé de la scène musicale du cinéma muet d’Ottawa (incluant le violoniste Rudolph Pelisek et l’organiste Amédée Tremblay), tout en montrant comment leur formation procurait du prestige aux cinémas, et comment leur implication dans des activités militaires, religieuses, et communautaires ont ajouté à la popularité des cinémas.

"It Follows" (2014), written and directed by David Robert Mitchell, premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in 2014. It chronicles the story of Jay, a college student who contracts a curse through sexual intercourse. The curse manifests itself as a human whom only the infected persons can see, always following at a walking pace, and determined to kill if it catches up. This thesis demonstrates the score's crucial role in establishing affect, setting, and character in a film with sparse dialogue and a silent monster. Moreover, the score creates a sense of the uncanny by complicating the binary between music and sound effect and fulfills the need to create dread without resorting to the loud or sudden sounds traditionally heard in horror films. The score's composer, Richard Vreeland, achieves this effect by drawing on both classical film scoring techniques as well as more modern horror scoring styles. It is this interaction between styles that enhances the viewers' experience of dread and horror in the film. This thesis analyzes how Vreeland's score for "It Follows" exploits the poetics of the fantastical gap, of the uncanny, and of musical semiosis. I primarily focus on the "Heels" theme and use of drones in "It Follows," tracing how these musical features blur the distinction between what is score and what is sound effect. I also examine the use of melodic themes in a primarily non-melodic score. By analyzing these elements, I show how Richard Vreeland uses both classical and modern scoring techniques to answer his own question: "Why is this scary? What could push that emotion even further?"

Despite a gradual, albeit still hesitant turnaround in music and film studies, film music is considered a musical genre that, for a long time, was not seen without the associated medium of film. Film music was thus regarded as an accompaniment to the film narrative, more or less inseparably connected with it and not appreciated as a separate work of art. Nevertheless, with the spread of sound storage media such as the gramophone record, albums came onto the market on which “only” film music could be heard. Today, film music on CDs or as digital releases is an integral part of the distribution chain of film studios and is usually commercially available. In a niche segment, labels have also specialized in releasing film music outside of mainstream cinema or in completing film music that has only been released incompletely and bringing it back onto the market in a remastered version. In addition, there are numerous releases where film music is not released as original recordings but as re-recordings, sometimes in the form of suites or new arrangements. The paper would like to argue that through this work of labels and releases, film music is held in high esteem, which goes far beyond viewing film music as a mere accompaniment or underscore to the accompanying film. Instead, albums enable the listener to perceive film music independently of the film, which corresponds not least to the performance of film music in concert halls. In this paper, a few examples will be worked out and interviews with producers and label managers will help to find out to what extent film music can be regarded as independent works (which, like program music, are based on an extra-musical idea) and what advantages or disadvantages the tendency from CD to digital releases has.

Syfte Vårt syfte är att utreda och analysera vad som karaktäriserar filmmusik samt klarlägga musikens betydelse för film. Forskningsfrågor På vilket sätt kan film och musik influera varandra och hur kan samspelet mellan dem se ut? Hur kan musik användas som ett verktyg för att påverka helhetsupplevelsen av film?   Metod Vår studie är av en kvalitativ karaktär grundad i ett växelspel mellan en induktiv och en deduktiv ansats. Empirisk data baseras på sju semistrukturerade intervjuer.   Slutsats I studien har vi kommit fram till att filmmusik har stor betydelse för kundens slutgiltiga upplevelse av en film. Filmmusik kan fungera i ett sätt att guida konsumenten genom filmen och ta till sig det uttryck som vill förmedlas. För att musiken ska få sin ultimata kraft bör det finnas en fin balansgång i samspelet mellan komponenterna. Det finns ingen mall att följa när det kommer till musiksättande i samband med film, sammanhanget är det som spelar roll. De båda medieformerna kan vid rätt balans sinsemellan höja och även dra fokus till varandra. / Purpose          Our purpose of this study is to investigate and analyse what characterises film music and what makes the music significant for film.   Research questions In what way can film and music influence each other and how can the interaction between the two take form? How can music be used as a tool to influence the general experience of the film? Method Our method in this study is based on a qualitative approach with an interplay between an inductive and deductive hypothesis. Empirical data is based on seven semi structured interviews.   Conclusion Our study has shown that film music has great impact on the customer's experience of a film. Film music can work as a way to guide the consumer through the movie and absorb the expression that is transmitted. For the music to reach its full potential there should be a balance in the interaction between the components. There is no specific right or wrong when it comes to putting music into films, it is the context that matters. With the right balance both forms of media can accentuate and market each other.

From the very beginning of cinema, music always played an important role in the history of filmmaking. Nonetheless, film music is judged by critics as a kind of low-grade art form. However, the majority of film score composers enjoyed a classical education and composed as well for the silver screen as for the concert hall. Film music also has its roots in the musical era of romanticism. Therefore, symphonic film scores can be regarded as program music in a broader sense. These scores were influenced by a motion picture instead of a poem, a landscape, or a painting. It is neither necessary nor supposed that film music must be subordinate to its belonging film. In fact, a well-written film score may enhance the impact of a film by using its own language—the language of music. Film music is still not truly recognized as an own style of music which is to be performed regularly in a concert hall. There are still strong prejudices about film music—too nice, too industrial, full of clichés, and unworthy to be performed live by an orchestra. This book wants to explore the nature of film music and its relation to classical music in this volume. How is film music perceived today? Does film music have its place on its own—uncoupled from its original film—in the concert hall? And how does film music relate to other musical genres in the 19th and 20th century? With contributions by Emilio Audissino, Marco Cosci, Kristjan Järvi, Irena Paulus, Gene Pritsker, Jaume Radigales, Lorenzo Sorbo, Sebastian Stoppe, and Pascal Vandelanoitte.

Det här är ett konstnärligt arbete om att skriva ledmotiv baserade på bokkaraktärer ur boken Uprooted av Naomi Novik. Jag analyserar soundtracken från filmerna Guldkompassen och Sagan om Ringen: Härskarringen som är baserade på böcker och använder den informationen till mitt egna skapande av sammanlagt 13 ledmotivsdelar till fyra karaktärer. Analyserna av varje films soundtrack går in på instrumentering, melodi, harmonik och tempo. Dessa analyser tillämpades sedan på de fyra karaktärerna och jag kunde då skapa mina egna ledmotiv baserade på deras personligheter i boken.

Richard Wagner is one of the most important and influential composers for scholars of film music. His concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk or "total art work," which combined music, visuals and storytelling, played an indelible role in the creation of film aesthetics, especially with regard to music and sound design. Yet, Wagner's actual music has its own curious legacy in film history, in terms of how it is used to interact with a story that often bears no relation to those of Wagner's operas. This is particularly interesting with regard to the Der Ring des Nibelungen (aka "the Ring Cycle"). The Ring is his most ambitious and influential, and densest work, and perhaps the one with the greatest lingering legacy in popular culture. For example, "Ride of the Valkyries," an excerpt from Die Walküre made famous by Looney Tunes shorts and Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now, is still a frequent presence in film, television and advertising that want to evoke sounds of war and conquest--associations created more from its use in those contexts than the original opera. This thesis will examine films and television series of the last half-century that have used musical examples from the Ring in their soundtracks. Works given particular focus will include Apocalypse Now (1979), the Japanese anime series Princess Tutu (2002-2003) and Terrence Malick's historical romance The New World (2006). The examination will discern both how film media has influenced modern cultural perceptions of the original operas--and of Wagner's legacy in general--and also how said film media is itself a reflection of modern attitudes about Wagner and his masterwork.