Föremålet för denna undersökning är en isländsk handskrift från 1300-talet, AM 231 VII fol., som innehåller ett fragment av Barlaams saga ok Josaphats. Fragmentet består av två skadade pergamentblad och flera forskare har hävdat att dess upphovsman är densamme som har skrivit Uppsala-Eddan, även kallad DG 11. AM 231 VII fol. har dock aldrig givits ut separat eller stått i fokus för en ingående undersökning om dess paleografiska och ortografiska drag. Syftet med uppsatsen är att presentera en diplomatarisk utgåva av handskriften, granska dess paleografi och språkformer och bilda ett pålitligt underlag för en jämförelse mellan den och DG 11. En sådan jämförelse faller emellertid utanför ramen för denna uppsats. På grundval av den paleografiska undersökningen har jag på en makropaleografisk nivå kunnat etablera handskriftens graftyper och på en mikropaleografisk nivå dess graftypsvarianter. Dessutom har jag ur skrifthistoriskt perspektiv kategoriserat skriften i fragmentet som tillhörande den gotiska skrifttypen Northern Textualis, även om vissa kursiva drag också går att iaktta. Resultaten av den ortografiska undersökningen motsäger delvis de tidigare redogörelserna av handskriftens språkformer. I synnerhet gäller detta: 1) representationen av den bakre trycksvaga vokalen, som oftast är \o\, medan \v\ bara förekommer några gånger; 2) den främre trycksvaga vokalen skrivs alltid \i\, förutom i ett fall där graftypen \e\ används; 3) reflexivändelsen i verben skrivs både \z\ och \zt\; 4) norvagismerna är fler än man tidigare hade iakttagit: den oomljudda ordformen \mannoþvm\; skrivningarna med \e\ för förväntat /æ:/ efter velar och nasal konsonant; \þ\ för förväntat /d/ efter nasal konsonant och efter /l/; ordformen \herbyrgi\. De nya yngre drag som jag har kunnat iaktta är följande: det ofta förekommande bruket av \av\ för /ɔ/ istället för \o\; fonemet /æ:/ skrivs oftast \æ\ och bara några gånger e med hake; /l/ dubbeltecknas alltid framför /d/ och /t/; reflexivändelsen i verben är ibland \zt\. Som äldre drag räknar jag bruket av graftypen \o\ för den bakre trycksvaga vokalen. Vokallängden markeras ibland genom överskriven accenttecken i kortare ord, men oftast markeras den inte. Dubbelteckning av \a\ förekommer uteslutande i namn av icke-nordiskt ursprung. Fonemen /a:/ och /ɔ:/ har sammanfallit och skrivs \a\. Fonemen /æ:/ och /ø:/ har också sammanfallit och skrivs båda två \æ\. Konsonantlängden markeras oftast genom dubbelteckning men vissa långa konsonantiska fonem betecknas genom överskriven punkt: /t:/, med kapitäl, /g:/, /m:/, och /r:/, eller med särskilda graftypsvarianter, /n:/. Kapitälerna har i vissa fall endast framhållande funktion eller förekommer i samband med supralinjära förkortningstecken. Visst inflytande från den latinska skrifttraditionen kan noteras i skrivningen \qv\ för /kw/.

Skatteverkets registrering och handläggning av folkbokföringsadresser fungerar inte på ett tillfredsställande sätt. Det är enkelt att göra misstag vid flyttanmälningar och riskfritt att medvetet anmäla fel adress. En inlämnad flyttanmälan hanteras normalt på automatiserad väg och Skatteverket fattar beslut om folkbokföring i enlighet med anmälan utan någon kontroll eller krav på verifikation. Det har medfört att det finns fel i registret och Skatteverket har inte någon metod för att hitta felen eller få reda på hur många fel som finns. Andra myndigheter och privatpersoner litar på de felaktiga uppgifterna vilket leder till inkräktande problem för de boende på adressen. Skatteverket tar lång tid på sig att rätta felen vilket leder till ännu fler anmälningar och frågor kring hanteringen. Samtidigt har Skatteverket, liksom lagstiftaren, inte identifierat att fel i folkbokföringen leder till allvarliga problem i vardagen för många personer. Det finns därför inte heller någon analys av vilket ansvar myndigheterna har för dessa problem. Utifrån EU:s dataskyddsförordning, GDPR, kan det konstateras att enskilda har en rätt till sin adress vilket leder till rättigheter för de registrerade och skyldigheter för myndigheten som är personuppgiftsansvarig. Europakonventionen uppställer också ett krav på att Sverige ska tillförsäkra enskilda ett skydd för sitt hem och sitt privatliv. Med anledning av de fri- och rättigheter som aktualiseras och de europarättsliga regelverken till skydd för dessa riskerar Sverige och Skatteverket att flertalet skadeståndsanspråk och sanktionsavgifter görs gällande framöver. Handläggningen av folkbokföringsadresser måste ändras så att det grundläggande registret över befolkningen återigen kan hävdas vara rättssäkert. / The Swedish Tax Agency is responsible for the civil registry (records of the population) which includes where, i.e. on which address, a person is to be registered. However, the Agency has not carried out its assignment satisfactory. A person can easily make a mistake when notifying the Agency of a change of residence and there are no risks associated with deliberately reporting an incorrect address. The authority makes an automatic decision in accordance with the report, without any verification, which is why errors occur in the registry. When other authorities and individuals trust the incorrect information in the civil registry it leads to problems for the proper residents at the address. It is problematic that the Swedish Tax Agency has no method of finding the errors in the registry itself and instead mostly relies on notifications of errors from individuals. Furthermore, when an error has been pointed out to the Swedish Tax Agency it takes too long to correct it, which leads to even more notifications and issues regarding the administration of the registry. In addition, the Swedish Tax Agency, as well as the legislator, has failed to identify that errors in civil registry lead to serious problems in people’s everyday life. Therefore, there is no analysis of the authorities’ responsibilities for these problems. Based on the EU General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR, an individual’s right to its address can be construed, which entails rights of the data subjects and obligations on the authority responsible for personal data. The European Convention on Human Rights is also relevant as the state is required to ensure individuals protection for their home and their privacy. Sweden and the Swedish Tax Agency risk being subject to claims and sanctions in the future, especially concerning the rights and freedoms brought into effect and the European legislation that protects them. The handling of the civil registry must change so that the records of the population once again can be relied upon with legal certainty.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosALF_TESE_partes_autorizadas.pdf: 135807 bytes, checksum: dc510df8b0af076175b314c7d57e03ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-10 / This study evaluated the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the activation of goats preantral follicles (FOPA). Were used four pairs of ovaries of adult mixed breed goats. Each ovarian pair was divided into 23 fragments. One fragment was fixed for histology and other fragment was using to follicular isolation procedure. The remaining fragments were cultured in 1.0 ml of Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) or MEM supplemented with IAA at concentrations of 10, 40, 100, 500 or 1000 ng/mL. The in vitro culture was performed at 39?C in incubator with 5% CO2 for 1, 3 and 5 days. After in vitro culture was evaluated histological integrity and viability of FOPA. The addition of 100 ng/ml of IAA to MEM showed a significant increase in follicles transition in the third day of in vitro culture, characterizing follicular activation. Moreover, this concentration was obtained maintaining the histological integrity of PAF by the fifth day of in vitro culture. The viability test confirmed the results of histology. Thus, we conclude that IAA can promote the activation of goats FOPA / Objetivos: avaliar o efeito do ?cido 3-indol-ac?tico (IAA) na conserva??o de fol?culos pr?-antrais caprinos in situ e isolados; e promover a ativa??o de fol?culos pr?-antrais caprinos em sistemas de cultivo in vitro. M?todo: para alcan?ar os objetivos tra?ados, este projeto foi dividido em duas etapas. Etapa 1- conserva??o de fol?culos pr?-antrais. Nesta etapa foram utilizados 4 pares de ov?rios de cabras adultas sem ra?a definida. De cada par ovariano, um ov?rio foi destinado ao isolamento mec?nico. Uma amostra da suspens?o de fol?culos pr?-antrais isolados obtida foi imediatamente analisada (tratamento 1 controle). O outro ov?rio foi cortado em pequenos fragmentos. Os fol?culos pr?-antrais isolados e os fragmentos ovarianos foram conservados em TCM 199+ ou TCM 199+ + IAA a 4oC, 20oC ou 39oC por 4h, 12h ou 24 h. Ap?s o per?odo de conserva??o, os fragmentos ovarianos foram submetidos ao isolamento folicular. No controle e ap?s o per?odo de conserva??o, a viabilidade folicular foi avaliada com azul de tripan e pela t?cnica fluoresc?ncia. Etapa 2- ativa??o in vitro de fol?culos pr?-antrais. Para esta etapa foram utilizados 4 pares de ov?rios de cabras adultas sem ra?a definida. Cada par ovariano foi dividido em 23 fragmentos. Um deles foi fixado para histologia cl?ssica e outro destinado ao procedimento de isolamento folicular. Os fragmentos restantes foram cultivados em 1,0 mL de Meio Essencial M?nimo (MEM) ou MEM acrescido de IAA nas concentra??es de 10, 40, 100, 500 ou 1000 ng/mL. O cultivo foi realizado a 39?C, em estufa com 5% de CO2, durante 1, 3 e 5 dias. Ap?s o cultivo foi avaliada a integridade histol?gica e a viabilidade dos fol?culos ovarianos pr?-antrais. Resultados: Etapa 1- os fol?culos pr?-antrais conservados isolados a 4oC em TCM 199+ por 4h e em TCM 199+ + IAA por 4h e 12 h; e a 20oC em x TCM 199+ + IAA for 4 h mantiveram a viabilidade folicular semelhante ao controle. Os fol?culos pr?-antrais conservados em pequenos fragmentos de tecido ovariano, preservaram em ambas as solu??es a 4oC por at? 24 h e em TCM 199+ + IAA a 20oC por 4 h, a percentagem de viabilidade similar ao do controle. Etapa 2 - a adi??o de 100 ng/ml de IAA ao MEM possibilitou uma redu??o significativa dos fol?culos primordiais seguida de aumento significativo de fol?culos de transi??o no terceiro dia de cultivo, caracterizando a ativa??o folicular. Al?m disso, nesta concentra??o foi obtida tamb?m a manuten??o da integridade histol?gica dos fol?culos pr?-antrais at? o quinto dia de cultivo. O teste de viabilidade confirmou os resultados da histologia cl?ssica. Conclus?es: este estudo mostrou que o IAA na concentra??o de 100 ng/mL favorece a conserva??o de fol?culos pr?-antrais caprinos in situ ou isolados a 4o e a 20oC e que o IAA pode promove a ativa??o de fol?culos pr?-antrais caprinos cultivados in vitro

Zugleich: Diss. phil. I Zürich, 2008. / Register. Literaturverz.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-17T22:37:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielaLiberalinoLima_TESE.pdf: 6308180 bytes, checksum: b658a30fc2afc3a608b4b5b454c6d36a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-19T22:18:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielaLiberalinoLima_TESE.pdf: 6308180 bytes, checksum: b658a30fc2afc3a608b4b5b454c6d36a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-19T22:18:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielaLiberalinoLima_TESE.pdf: 6308180 bytes, checksum: b658a30fc2afc3a608b4b5b454c6d36a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / O objetivo da presente tese foi utilizar a manipula??o de o?citos inclusos em fol?culos ovarianos pr? antrais (MOIFOPA) como ferramenta para o resgate e otimiza??o do uso de gametas femininos oriundos de esp?cies silvestres do bioma Caatinga. A tese foi dividida em quatro experimentos. No primeiro, foi realizada a estimativa e descri??o das caracter?sticas histol?gicas e ultraestruturas dos fol?culos pr? antrais (FOPA) de cutias (Dasyprocta leporina), nos quais foram estimados 4419.8 ? 532.26 e 5397.52 ? 574.91 fol?culos para os ov?rios direito e esquerdo, respectivamente, sendo a maioria (86,63%) pertencente a categoria de fol?culos primordiais (P<0,05). A maior parte da popula??o consiste de fol?culos morfologicamente normais (70,78%), apresentando n?cleo oocit?rio grande e central, com citoplasma uniforme. Na avalia??o ultraestrutural verificou-se a presen?a de um grande n?mero de mitoc?ndrias arredondadas e gotas de lip?dios. No segundo experimento, foi realizada a estimativa e a descri??o das caracter?sticas dos FOPA de pre?s (Galea spixii), bem como avalia??o do efeito da vitrifica??o em superf?cie s?lida (VSS) sobre a morfologia de FOPA in situ. O total de 416,0 ? 342,8 FOPA foi estimado por par de ov?rios e a presen?a de uma grande quantidade de fol?culos prim?rios foi evidenciada (P<0,05). A maior parte dos FOPA apresentou-se morfologicamente normal (94,6%), possuindo n?cleo oocit?rio contendo gr?nulos condensados de heterocromatina. Mitoc?ndrias com formato arredondado ou alongado representaram as organelas mais abundantes. Quanto a VSS, o protocolo utilizando o dimetilsulf?xido (DMSO) 3M possibilitou a preserva??o de 69,5% de FOPA morfologicamente normais, sendo evidenciado atrav?s da an?lise por microscopia de luz e eletr?nica de transmiss?o. No terceiro experimento, foi realizada a avalia??o do efeito da VSS sobre a morfologia e viabilidade de FOPA in situ de catetos (Pecari tajacu). N?o foram observadas diferen?as entre os tratamentos, onde o uso dos crioprotetores DMSO, etilenoglicol (EG) e dimetilformamida (DMF), independente da concentra??o utilizada (3 ou 6 M) promoveu a preserva??o da morfologia de mais de 70% dos FOPA. Quanto a viabilidade, os crioprotetores DMSO e EG, demonstraram melhor manuten??o da mesma. O quarto experimento teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do ? MEM+ ou TCM199 associados ou n?o a 50 ng de FSHr sobre a morfologia, ativa??o e crescimento de FOPA de catetos, cultivados in vitro (CIV) durante 1 ou 7 dias e o efeito sobre a matriz extracelular (MEC). Ap?s 7 dias de CIV apenas o TCM199/FSH manteve a propor??o de FOPA intactos similar ao dia 1 (63,2%), contudo nenhuma diferen?a foi observada entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Adicionalmente, um aumento na propor??o de FOPA em desenvolvimento foi verificada (P>0.05). Atrav?s da an?lise com Ag-NOR, observou-se que apenas o tratamento com TCM199/FSH manteve a propor??o de prolifera??o celular similar ao dia 1 (P>0.05). A colora??o com picrosirius red revelou que a MEC permaneceu intacta em todos os tratamentos (P>0.05). Assim, como conclus?o geral, o uso da MOIFOPA nas referidas esp?cies permitiu o conhecimento de aspectos relacionados a sua morfofisiologia reprodutiva, possibilitando tanto a conserva??o do material gen?tico destas esp?cies, com a possibilidade de forma??o de bancos de germoplasma, como a elucida??o de mecanismos relacionados a sobreviv?ncia e desenvolvimento dos FOPA in vitro. / The objective of the present thesis was to use the manipulation of oocytes enclosed in preantral follicles (MOEPF) as a tool for the female gametes rescue and optimization, from wild species of Caatinga biome. The thesis was divided into 4 experiments. At first experiment, it was performed the estimative and description of the agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) preantral follicles (PF) histologic and ultrastructural features, in which it was estimated 4419.8 ? 532.26 and 5397.52 ? 574.91 follicles for the right and left ovary, respectively, and the majority (86,63%) belonged to the primordial follicles category (P<0.05). Most of the population consists of morphologically normal follicles (70.78%), presenting a large and central nuclei and uniform cytoplasm. At ultrastructural evaluation it was verified the presence of a great number of round mitochondrias associated to lipid droplets. In the second experiment, it was performed the estimative and description of yellow-toothed cavies (Galea spixii) PF characteristics, also, the evaluation of the effect of solid surface vitrification (SSV) on the in situ PF morphology. The total of 416.0 ? 342.8 PF was estimated for the ovary pair and the presence of a large quantity of primary follicles (P<0.05) was evidenced. Most of the PF was morphologically normal (94.6%), in which the oocyte nuclei presented condensed granules of heterochromatin. Round or elongated shaped mitochondria constituted the most abundant organelles. In regard of the SSV, the protocol using the dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) 3M possibility the preservation of 69.5% of morphologically normal PF, which was evidenced by the light and transmission electronic microscopy. At third experiment, the evaluation of the SSV procedure on the morphology and viability in situ PF form collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) was performed. No differences were observed among treatments, in which the use of DMSO, ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethylformamide (DMF) as cryoprotectants, regardless its concentration, promoted the morphology preservation of much than 70% of PF. Concerning the PF viability, the DMSO and EG promoted the best preservation. The fourth experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of ? MEM+ or TCM199 associated or not to 50 ng of FSHr on the morphology, activation and growth of collared peccaries PF, in vitro cultured (IVC) during 1 or 7 days and the effect on the extracellular matrix (ECM). After 7 days of IVC only the use of TCM199/FSH maintained the proportion of intact PF, similar to day 1(63.2%), however, no differences were observed among treatments (P>0.05). Also, an improvement of the proportion of intact growing PF was verified (P>0.05). By the Ag-NOR analysis it was observed that only the treatment using TCM199/FSH promoted the maintenance of cell proliferation similar to day 1 (P>0.05). The picrosirius red stain revealed that ECM remained intact in all treatments (P>0.05). Thus, as the general conclusion, the use of MOEPF in the refereed species allowed the knowledge of aspects related to its reproductive morphology and physiology, enabling the germplasm conservation, with the possibility of germplasm bank formation, as the elucidation of mechanisms related to the PF survive and in vitro development.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GustavoPG_tese.pdf: 864388 bytes, checksum: f88b048184bdf52b12d2e542ee44707e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Uma das grandes controv?rsias encontradas na literatura cient?fica consiste no estabelecimento de crit?rios para distin??o entre um fol?culo pericoron?rio espessado e um cisto dent?gero incipiente. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em avaliar a express?o imuno-histoqu?mica das integrinas &#945;2&#946;1, &#945;3&#946;1e &#945;5&#946;1 nas referidas entidades, onde foram selecionados 23 casos de fol?culos pericoron?rios espessados e 21casos de cistos dent?geros incipientes. Analisou-se a presen?a ou aus?ncia de express?o destas integrinas nas ilhotas de epit?lio odontog?nico e nos epit?lios constituintes de cada entidade, enfatizando a localiza??o, intensidade e padr?o de distribui??o para compara??o entre as mesmas. Todas as integrinas apresentaram marca??o nos casos analisados. Foi observada uma diferen?a estatisticamente significativa (p<0,0001) para a integrina &#945;2&#946;1 entre as duas entidades, apresentando os cistos dent?geros incipientes uma marca??o mais intensa. Tamb?m se verificou diferen?a entre a camada basal e a suprabasal no epit?lio c?stico (p<0,0034). A integrina &#945;3&#946;1 apresentou uma diferen?a estatisticamente significativa (p<0,013) entre as duas entidades, com os cistos dent?geros incipientes apresentando uma tend?ncia de marca??o intensa. Em rela??o a integrina &#945;5&#946;1, n?o se observou diferen?a de express?o entre os dois grupos, ressaltando-se entretanto a intensa marca??o desta integrina na maioria dos casos aqui avaliados, refor?ando o entendimento da participa??o da mesma na diferencia??o celular. Concluiu-se portanto que a maior express?o da integrina &#945;2&#946;1 em cistos dent?geros incipientes, bem como nas c?lulas da camada basal do epit?lio deste cisto, pode estar relacionada com a maior atividade proliferativa das referidas c?lulas, enquanto que a tend?ncia de express?o mais intensa da integrina &#945;3&#946;1 nos cistos dent?geros incipientes se deva ? participa??o desta integrina na organiza??o da estratifica??o epitelial bem como na expans?o c?stica por poss?vel ativa??o de metaloproteinases. Adicionalmente, verificou-se que estes achados corroboram a possibilidade de distin??o histopatol?gica entre um fol?culo pericoron?rio espessado e um cisto dent?gero incipiente, onde a metaplasia escamosa do epit?lio reduzido do ?rg?o do esmalte para um epit?lio pavimentoso estratificado seria o primeiro sinal vis?vel de transforma??o c?stica

Submitted by Kelson Anthony de Menezes (kelson@ucb.br) on 2016-12-19T19:37:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FabiodeBarrosAmaralDissertacao2014.pdf: 2938215 bytes, checksum: 3d899bf568eeae36d21979ba7aafab3c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T19:37:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabiodeBarrosAmaralDissertacao2014.pdf: 2938215 bytes, checksum: 3d899bf568eeae36d21979ba7aafab3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / The equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) has been used as an important resource in the processes of reproduction in animals of economic interest, especially horses and cattle. The eCG molecule consists of a glycoprotein composed of two subunits called alpha and beta which together perform the function of both LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and due to this characteristic has great potential to induce ovulation in household species. Based on the aforementioned characteristics, the present work was was aimed at the study and characterization of the structure of eCG using molecular modeling techniques as well as testing its production in cells of the microorganism Pichia pastoris. Furthermore, chimeric models have been proposed linking the eCG and immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule based on studies that reveal the great potential of it in raising the half-life of other molecules circulating in the organism. Four chimeric models were prepared so that the eCG alpha and beta chains are connected by a hinge, short and flexible regions, while the terminal region of the alpha chain was connected to the N-terminal portion of the CH2 domain of the IgG by another hinge region, thus resulting in a model in which two different molecules are linked. / A gonadotrofina cori??nica equina (eCG) tem sido um importante recurso usado nos processos de reprodu????o em animais de interesse econ??mico, principalmente equinos e bovinos. A mol??cula de eCG consiste em uma glicoprote??na composta de duas subunidades denominadas alfa e beta que juntas desempenham a fun????o tanto de LH (horm??nio luteinizante) como FSH (horm??nio fol??culo estimulante) e devido a essa caracter??stica possui um grande potencial para induzir a ovula????o em esp??cies dom??sticas. Baseando-se nas caracter??sticas citadas, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar e caracterizar a estrutura do eCG utilizando-se t??cnicas de modelagem molecular assim como testar a sua produ????o em c??lulas do microrganismo Pichia pastoris. Al??m disso, foram propostos modelos quim??ricos ligando eCG ?? mol??cula de imunoglobulina G (IgG) tendo como base estudos que revelam o grande potencial da mesma em elevar a meia vida de outras mol??culas em circula????o no organismo. Quatro modelos quim??ricos foram apresentados de forma que as cadeias beta e alfa do eCG s??o conectadas por regi??es hinge que s??o sequ??ncias curtas e flex??veis da mol??cula enquanto que a regi??o terminal da cadeia alfa foi conectada por meio de outra regi??o hinge, ?? por????o N-terminal do dom??nio CH2 da IgG, portanto, resultando em um modelo em que est??o ligadas duas mol??culas diferentes.

<p>AbstractTitle: Communicative leadership – a leadership for modern organizationsQualitative research attempting to define the concept.(Kommunikativt ledarskap – ett ledarskap för moderna organisationerKvalitativ studie med ansats att definiera begreppet.)Author: Jenny AxällAim: The aim of this essay is to try to find the essence of and a definition of the communicative leadership. Questions asked are: How can communicative leadership be described? How can it be practiced? What does it demand of those who practice it? What organizational conditions are required? And what results and performances can this leadership lead to?Method: Qualitative explorative research method. The study contains an academic lit-erature review of the science of leadership and communication in general and the more specific communicative leadership. It also includes two personal in-terviews. After analysing the interviews, the result is compared with the litera-ture and discussed in the last chapter. The essay concludes with a definition of communicative leadership.Main results: The following definition of communicative leadership was formulated after concluding the study: In communicative leadership communication is used as the main means of control in order to create joint action and thereby excellent company results. The leadership is based on a conscious and open communication that leads to understanding and participation among employees, as well as to sound and thoroughly founded decisions and well-informed business development. The leadership is constantly practised in formal and informal conversation and dialogue situations where true exchange of opinions and sense making is de-sired. For the communicative leader the employees are the most valuable re-sources in the organization. He or she assumes that employees want to suc-ceed, and will do so, if the right conditions are in place. The communicative leader wants to lead and inspire, emanates joy and comfort, and receives as manager the trust of being a leader.Number of pages: 63Course: Media and Communications Studies DUniversity: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala UniversityDate of submission: 2005-01-17, autumn term of 2004Tutor: Professor Lowe HedmanKeywords: Communicative leadership, communicative competence, communicative fol-lowership, communicative processes, decentralized organizations, leadership, organizational culture, internal communication, definition of leadership.</p>

AbstractTitle: Communicative leadership – a leadership for modern organizationsQualitative research attempting to define the concept.(Kommunikativt ledarskap – ett ledarskap för moderna organisationerKvalitativ studie med ansats att definiera begreppet.)Author: Jenny AxällAim: The aim of this essay is to try to find the essence of and a definition of the communicative leadership. Questions asked are: How can communicative leadership be described? How can it be practiced? What does it demand of those who practice it? What organizational conditions are required? And what results and performances can this leadership lead to?Method: Qualitative explorative research method. The study contains an academic lit-erature review of the science of leadership and communication in general and the more specific communicative leadership. It also includes two personal in-terviews. After analysing the interviews, the result is compared with the litera-ture and discussed in the last chapter. The essay concludes with a definition of communicative leadership.Main results: The following definition of communicative leadership was formulated after concluding the study: In communicative leadership communication is used as the main means of control in order to create joint action and thereby excellent company results. The leadership is based on a conscious and open communication that leads to understanding and participation among employees, as well as to sound and thoroughly founded decisions and well-informed business development. The leadership is constantly practised in formal and informal conversation and dialogue situations where true exchange of opinions and sense making is de-sired. For the communicative leader the employees are the most valuable re-sources in the organization. He or she assumes that employees want to suc-ceed, and will do so, if the right conditions are in place. The communicative leader wants to lead and inspire, emanates joy and comfort, and receives as manager the trust of being a leader.Number of pages: 63Course: Media and Communications Studies DUniversity: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala UniversityDate of submission: 2005-01-17, autumn term of 2004Tutor: Professor Lowe HedmanKeywords: Communicative leadership, communicative competence, communicative fol-lowership, communicative processes, decentralized organizations, leadership, organizational culture, internal communication, definition of leadership.

Ce travail propose une lecture de la création artistique russe actuelle – 1990-2010 – au regard de l’histoire qu’elle entretient avec la folie grâce à l’analyse de personnages qui émaillent son paysage culturel. Que ces derniers soient jugés fous – fols-en-Christ ou jurodivye, artistes romantiques, dissidents internés en Union soviétique – ou qu’il s’agisse de figures traditionnelles d'idiots – Ivan le simple, le prince Mychkine de Dostoïevski –, un pont sera créé qui reliera ces archétypes et certaines pratiques de l’extrême contemporain, allant jusqu’à la prière-punk des Pussy Riot. Cette étude porte sur le concept d’une idiotie comme posture artistique permettant à l’artiste de se faire le médiateur d’une vérité – politique, religieuse ou sociale. Avançant masqué, il révèle ainsi les glissements sémantiques opérés entre les notions de « folie » et de « norme », en parallèle des rapports qu’entretiennent « art » et « politique ». L’histoire de la folie en Russie sera par ailleurs abordée à travers diverses formes d’envol – compris d’un point de vue métaphysique comme un escapisme de la raison. La littérature servira de socle à une première analyse de la figure romantique de l’artiste maudit à la raison vacillante, celle-ci ensuite mise à mal par les créateurs postmodernes qui déconstruisent aussi bien le mythe du saint idiot que celui du génie artistique, par l’incarnation d’un créateur sot reproduisant des formes sans en saisir le sens. Certains en appellent de surcroît, directement ou non, à la figure ancestrale du jurodivyj afin d’élaborer des postures critiques, parfois scandaleuses, envers les pouvoirs politique et religieux. Considérant les réactions virulentes que peuvent susciter les pratiques actuelles, et grâce à l’étude d’œuvres problématiques représentatives, les causes de leur rejet deviendront explicites. Il sera ainsi permis d’envisager ces créations, paraissant en rupture avec l’ordre établi, dans leur ancrage au sein d’une tradition historique et littéraire de la folie. / This work proposes an interpretation of the current Russian artistic creation – 1990-2010 – with regard to his links with history of madness, through the analysis of characters that punctuate Russian cultural landscape. The latter characters are deemed insane – holly fools, Romantic artists, dissidents interned in the Soviet Union - or whether are traditional idiots figures - Ivan the fool, Dostoevsky’s Prince Myshkin. A bridge will be created linking these archetypes and certain contemporary practices, up to Pussy Riot’s punk prayer. This study focuses on the concept of idiocy as an artistic position which allows the artist to become a mediator of a political, religious or social truth. The creator, moving forward hidden, reveals semantic shifts made by the concepts of "madness" and "norm", in parallel with relations held between "art" and "politics." The history of madness in Russia will also be depicted through various forms of soaring - understood in a metaphysical point of view as an escapism of reason. Literature will be used as a base for a first analysis of the romantic image of the damned artist with flickering reason. This picture will then be undermined by postmodern creators who both deconstruct the myths of the holy fool and the artistic genius, by their incarnation of a stupid creator reproducing forms without understanding their meaning. Moreover, some of them require, directly or not, to the ancestral figure of the holly fool to develop critical postures, sometimes scandalous, against political and religious powers. Considering the violent reaction that can generate the current artistic practices, and through the study of representative problematic works, the causes of their rejection shall become explicit. This will make it possible to consider these creations – apparently breaking with the established order – in their anchor within a historical and literary tradition of madness.