Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-05T12:51:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 estela_rosana_duraes_vieira.pdf: 510975 bytes, checksum: a22fd6b1844ea89c0f2c4098c9736ff6 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-05T17:51:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 estela_rosana_duraes_vieira.pdf: 510975 bytes, checksum: a22fd6b1844ea89c0f2c4098c9736ff6 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-05T17:51:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 estela_rosana_duraes_vieira.pdf: 510975 bytes, checksum: a22fd6b1844ea89c0f2c4098c9736ff6 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / A busca por esclarecimentos direcionados ? fitofagia de percevejos predadores pode fornecer subs?dios que beneficiam os programas de controle biol?gico, tornando-os mais eficazes. Sabendo-se que os macronutrientes est?o envolvidos em diversos processos fisiol?gicos dos insetos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o efeito da omiss?o de macronutrientes em mudas de eucalipto no desenvolvimento e consumo alimentar do Podisus nigrispinus. Al?m disso, procurou-se certificar se a fitofagia, provoca perdas nas mudas. Este estudo foi conduzido em casa de vegeta??o e os tratamentos consistiram na omiss?o individual de nitrog?nio, f?sforo, pot?ssio, c?lcio, magn?sio e enxofre na solu??o nutritiva, onde as mudas de eucalipto estavam sendo conduzidas. Pupas de Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), foram oferecidas ad libitum aos percevejos predadores. Comprovou-se a import?ncia da complementa??o nutricional em plantas para o desenvolvimento e preda??o do P. nigrispinus. A alimenta??o em plantas deficientes em nitrog?nio e magn?sio diminuiu a efici?ncia de preda??o deste zoofit?fago. E a omiss?o de c?lcio, magn?sio e enxofre afetou, negativamente, o desenvolvimento deste percevejo predador, prolongando seu est?gio imaturo. Em rela??o ao efeito da fitofagia nas plantas, verificou-se que P. nigrispinus n?o causa quaisquer danos ?s mudas de eucalipto, embora a extra??o de macronutrientes das plantas seja fundamental para estes insetos. O balan?o nutricional adequado das plantas ? essencial para obter sucesso em programas de controle biol?gico em que se utilizam predadores zoofit?fagos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015. / ABSTRACT The search for explanations aimed at phytophagy stink bugs predators can provide subsidies enjoyed by biological control programs, making them more effective. Knowing that the macronutrients are involved in many physiological processes of insects, the aim of this study was to identify the effect of the absence of macronutrients in seedlings of eucalyptus in the development and food consumption Podisus nigrispinus as well, make sure to phytophagy, causes losses in plants. This study was conducted in a greenhouse and the treatments consisted of individual nitrogen omission, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur in the nutrient solution, where the eucalyptus seedlings were being conducted. Pupae of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Teneobridae) were offered ad libitum to bedbugs? predators. The results of this experiment confirmed the importance of nutritional supplementation in plants for development and predation of the predator of Podisus nigrispinus. Feeding on plants deficient in nitrogen and magnesium reduced the predation efficiency of this zoophytophagous. And the calcium omission, magnesium and sulfur affected negatively on the development of this insect predators, extending their immature stage. Regarding on the effect of phytophagous in plants, the results confirmed that the predators do not cause any damage to seedlings of eucalyptus, although the extraction of plants are essential macronutrient for these insects. This work shows that the proper nutritional balance of the plants are essential for success in biological control programs that use zoophytophagous predators.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-08-03T18:08:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_RAFAEL_LISBOA_LOPES_COMPLETO.pdf: 9085477 bytes, checksum: b4223f63e2f669559a5830cd87644a78 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T18:08:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_RAFAEL_LISBOA_LOPES_COMPLETO.pdf: 9085477 bytes, checksum: b4223f63e2f669559a5830cd87644a78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Hsp70 (Heat shock protein 70 kDa) is a chaperone protein which has intra- and extracellular functions. In the early studies, only intracellular functions were operated, as to aid in folding, prevent aggregation and protein refolding. In 80?s a study has shown that this protein can be exported into the extracellular environment exerting effects on other cells, such as the immune system. Our group are exploring the role of this protein in key immune response cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells. Present study noted that the Hsp70 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can polarize macrophages to a M2 phenotype and this response is dependent on IL-10. Peritoneal and bone marrow derived macrophages were treated with DnaK (Hsp70 prokaryotic homolog) from M. tuberculosis for 24 hours. After this period there was an increase of M2 classic phenotype markers, such as FIZZ1, YM1, CD206, IL-10 and Arg1. On the other hand, there was a decrease in expression of IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-?, NO, MHC class II and CD86 (M1 markers), and these cells are able to promote tumor growth in allogeneic model. It was also observed with KO cells or blocking IL-10R that this modulation is dependent on IL-10. In addition, this cellular modulation is not restricted to macrophages; such protein acting on dendritic cells by modulating them with an immature phenotype, as has been shown in prior works of our group (Borges et al, 2010;. Motta et al., 2007 ). However, it is not yet known what specific region of the protein is essential for that purpose and whether it is restricted to that homologues, DnaK from M. tuberculosis. Therefore, another objective was to express and purify in the same system their counterparts Hspa1a (murine Hsp70) and HSPA1A (human Hsp70) and subsequently testing them in parallel in immunological experimental models. Work is currently in progress with regard to purification of Hspa1a and initial dendritic cells activation state tests were conducted. It is believed that whether there is an effect with DnaK homologues, this effect is less obvious, according to previous results. / A Hsp70 (Heat shock protein 70 kDa) ? uma prote?na de choque t?rmico de 70 kDa que possui fun??es intra e extracelulares. Nos estudos iniciais, somente as fun??es intracelulares eram exploradas, como o aux?lio no dobramento, impedir a agrega??o e o redobramento prot?ico H? d?cadas mostrou-se que essa prote?na pode ser exportada para o ambiente extracelular e exercer efeitos sobre outras c?lulas, como as do sistema imune. O nosso grupo v?m explorando o papel dessa prote?na em c?lulas chave da resposta imune, como macr?fagos e c?lulas dendr?ticas. O presente trabalho observou que a Hsp70 de Mycobacterium tuberculosis pode polarizar macr?fagos a um fen?tipo M2 e que essa resposta ? dependente de IL-10. Macr?fagos peritoneais e derivados de medula ?ssea foram tratados com DnaK (hom?logo procari?tico da Hsp70) de Mycobacterium tuberculosis por 24h. Ap?s esse per?odo observou-se o aumento de marcadores cl?ssicos de fen?tipo M2, como: FIZZ1, YM1, CD206, IL-10, Arg1. Por outro lado, houve uma diminui??o na express?o de IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-?, NO, MHC de classe II e CD86, al?m de essas c?lulas serem capazes de promover o crescimento tumoral em modelo alog?nico. Observou-se tamb?m, com c?lulas KO ou bloqueando o IL-10R que essa modula??o ? dependente de IL-10. Al?m disso, essa modula??o celular n?o ? restrita aos macr?fagos, podendo essa prote?na agir sobre c?lulas dendr?ticas, modulando-as a um fen?tipo imaturo, como j? mostrado em trabalho anteriores do grupo (1,2). Por?m, n?o se sabe ainda qual regi?o espec?fica da prote?na ? essencial para esse efeito e se ele ? restrito a esse hom?lo, DnaK de M. tuberculosis. Portanto, outro objetivo do trabalho foi expressar e purificar no mesmo sistema os seus hom?logos Hspa1a (Hsp70 murina) e HSPA1A (Hsp70 humana) e posteriormente, test?-las em paralelo em modelos experimentais imunol?gicos. O trabalho est? em andamento atualmente em rela??o a purifica??o da Hspa1a e os primeiros testes de estado de ativa??o de c?lulas dendr?ticas foram realizados. Acredita-se que se h? um efeito dos hom?logos de DnaK, esse efeito ? menos evidente, segundo resultados pr?vios.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-10-11T22:29:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ClarissaFaveroDemeda_TESE.pdf: 3254557 bytes, checksum: 71f116b43b1323319edbd07fa141e478 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-17T23:03:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ClarissaFaveroDemeda_TESE.pdf: 3254557 bytes, checksum: 71f116b43b1323319edbd07fa141e478 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-17T23:03:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClarissaFaveroDemeda_TESE.pdf: 3254557 bytes, checksum: 71f116b43b1323319edbd07fa141e478 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Os exossomos s?o respons?veis pela comunica??o c?lula-c?lula e podem influenciar na progress?o tumoral, met?stase e efic?cia terap?utica. Dentre as c?lulas capazes de secretar exossomos est?o as c?lulas tumorais e as c?lulas imunes. Sabe-se que a presen?a das c?lulas imunes ? importante para erradicar os tumores. No entanto, achados recentes demonstram que a inflama??o pode promover o crescimento tumoral. Os macr?fagos associados a tumores (TAMs) s?o conhecidos por apresentarem diferentes subtipos, M1 e M2, capazes de secretarem exossomos. O presente estudo se prop?s a observar o comportamento dos exossomos derivados dos TAMs, dos subtipos 1 e 2, frente a cultura de c?lulas humanas SCC-25, HSC-3 e SAS derivadas de CE de l?ngua, por meio da an?lise da capacidade de invas?o, prolifera??o e viabilidade das c?lulas tumorais na presen?a dos exossomos. Observou-se que as microves?culas derivadas dos TAMs apresentam positividade para CD63, caracterizando-as como exossomos. Os exossomos dos TAMs do subtipo M2 foram os ?nicos a apresentarem marca??o para TGF-?, quando em compara??o com os exossomos M1, THP1 e das linhagens celulares de CE, sugerindo que os exossomos M2 podem ser respons?veis pela express?o de TGF-? nas c?lulas tumorais, uma vez que s?o internalizados. Nos ensaios de migra??o, observou-se que as c?lulas SCC-25 em presen?a de meio de cultura DMEM F/12, apresentaram maior capacidade de invas?o frente aos exossomos M2 (p?0,001), para concentra??o de 0,1 ?g/ml. Para as c?lulas HSC-3 e SAS, n?o foi observada rela??o estatisticamente significante entre a presen?a de exossomos cultivados juntamente com as c?lulas tumorais e a capacidade de invas?o celular (p>0,05). Quando os exossomos foram colocados no compartimento inferior do transwell, as c?lulas HSC-3 em presen?a dos exossomos M2 (1,0 ?g/ml) apresentaram maior capacidade de invas?o (p?0,001). O teste de viabilidade demonstrou que as c?lulas HSC-3 tornam-se mais vi?veis frente ? presen?a dos exossomos M2 (p?0,001) na concentra??o de 50 ?g/ml. Para as c?lulas SCC-25, o resultado foi o mesmo (p?0,05). A imunofluoresc?ncia demonstrou a internaliza??o dos exossomos nas linhagens celulares estudadas. Os achados sugerem que a presen?a de exossomos M2, frente ?s culturas de c?lulas de CE de l?ngua, pode ser um campo de pesquisa importante para futuros estudos com terapias-alvo. / Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue is one of the most common malignant lesions in the oral cavity and is characterized by presenting a locally invasive and aggressive behavior. The exosomes are responsible for cell-cell communication and may influence tumor progression, metastasis and therapeutic efficacy. Among the cells that can secrete exosomes are tumor cells and immune cells. It is known that the presence of immune cells is important to eradicate tumors. However, recent findings suggest that inflammation may promote tumor growth. The tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are known to have subtypes, M1 and M2, that secrete exosomes. This study?s goal was to observe the behavior of derivatives TAMs exosomes, subtypes 1 and 2, against human cell culture SCC-25, HSC-3 and SAS derived from SCC of oral tongue, through the analysis of invasiveness, proliferation and viability of tumor cells in the presence of exosomes. It was observed that the microvesicles derived from TAMs are positive for CD63, characterizing them as exosomes. The exosomes of the M2 subtype TAMs were the only ones to present TGF-? marking, as compared with M1 exosomes, THP1 and SCC cell lines, suggesting that M2 exosomes may be responsible for TGF-? expression in tumor cells. In the migration tests, it was found that the SCC-25 cells in the presence of culture medium DMEM F / 12 showed higher invasion capacity in the presence of M2 exosomes (p?0,001) to a concentration of 0.1 ?g/ml. For HSC-3 and SAS cells, there was no significant statistical relationship between the presence of exosomes and invasiveness (p> 0.05) for the exosomes derived from TAMs. When the exosomes were placed in the lower compartment of the transwell, the HSC-3 cells in the presence of M2 exosomes (1.0 ?g/ml) had higher invasiveness (p?0,001). The viability test showed that HSC-3 cells became more viable in the presence of M2 exosomes (p?0.001) at a concentration of 50 ?g/ml. For SCC-25 cells, the result was the same (p?0.05). Immunofluorescence showed the internalization of exosomes in the cell lines studied. These findings suggest that the presence of M2 exosomes in the SCC of the oral tongue cell cultures may be an important research field for future studies of targeted therapies.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DayseCSC_DISSERT.pdf: 507696 bytes, checksum: 782930a6c60b8e6d0073baa1386c82e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / A 140,0 kDa lectin was purified and characterized from the mushroom Clavaria cristata. The purification procedures from the crude extract of the mushroom comprised gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl s200 and ion exchange on Resource Q column. The purified lectin agglutinated all types of human erythrocytes with preference for trypsinized type O erythrocytes. The haemagglutinating activity is dependent of Ca 2+ ions and was strongly inhibited by the glycoprotein bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) up to the concentration of 0, 125 mg/mL. The C. cristata lectin (CcL) was stable in the pH range of 2,5-11,5 and termostable up to 80 ?C. CcL molecular mass determined by gel filtration on a Superose 6 10 300 column was approximately 140,3 kDa. SDS polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis revealed a single band with a molecular mass of approximately 14,5 kDa, when the lectin was heated at 100 ?C in the presence or absence of ?-mercaptoethanol. CcL induced activation of murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro resulting in the release of nitric oxide (NO), reaching the maximum production at 24 h. In experimental paw oedema model in mice, CcL showed proinflammatory activity being able to induce oedema formation. Cell viability of HepG2, MDA 435 e 3T3 cell lines was examined after 72 h of incubation with CcL in different concentrations (0,5-50 ?g/mL). CcL inhibited HepG2 cells growth with an IC50 value of 50 ?g/mL. In the present work, the observed immunomodulatory and antiproliferative effects indicate CcL as a possible immunomodulator compound, interfering in the macrophages immune response, taking possible anti-parasitic, anti-tumoral effects or diagnostic and/or therapeutic / Uma lectina de 140,0 kDa foi purificada e caracterizada a partir do extrato prot?ico do fungo Clavaria cristata. O processo de purifica??o a partir do extrato bruto do fungo compreendeu uma cromatografia de gel filtra??o SEPHACRYL S200 e uma cromatografia de troca i?nica Resource Q em sistema FPLC-AKTA (Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography). A lectina de C. cristata (CcL) aglutinou todos os tipos de eritr?citos humanos com prefer?ncia pelos do tipo O tratados com tripsina. A atividade hemaglutinante de CcL se mostrou dependente do ?on c?lcio e foi fortemente inibida pela glicoprote?na mucina bovina (BSM) at? a concentra??o m?nima de 0,125 mg/mL. CcL foi est?vel numa ampla faixa de pH, que variou entre 2,5-11,5 e termoest?vel at? 80?C por uma hora. A massa molecular da CcL, determ inada por cromatografia de gel filtra??o Superose 6 10 300 GL em sistema de FPLC-AKTA foi de aproximadamente 140,3 kDa e uma eletroforese SDS-PAGE revelou uma ?nica banda com massa molecular de aproximadamente 14,5 kDa quando a lectina foi aquecida ? temperatura de 100 ?C. CcL induziu a ativa??o de macr?fagos murinos in vitro com conseq?ente libera??o de ?xido n?trico atingindo a m?xima produ??o de ?xido n?trico no tempo de 24 h. Em modelo experimental de edema de pata em camundongos, a lectina do fungo apresentou atividade pr?-inflamat?ria sendo capaz de induzir a forma??o do edema. A viabilidade celular das linhagens celulares HepG2, MDA 435 e 3T3 foi analisada ap?s incuba??o por 72 h com concentra??es de CcL (0,5-50 ?g/mL). O valor do IC50 foi obtido com a concentra??o de CcL de 50 ?g/mL para linhagem de c?lulas HepG2. No presente trabalho, os efeitos imunomodulat?rios e antiproliferativos foram observados apontando a CcL como um poss?vel imunomodulador, interferindo na resposta imune de macr?fagos levando a poss?veis efeitos anti-parasit?rios, anti-tumorais ou agente diagn?stico e/ou terap?utico

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-30T20:01:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CinthiaBeatriceDaSilvaTelles_TESE.pdf: 1798517 bytes, checksum: 1ec7c34c6f828ce70bd877620c9ebb47 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-31T22:29:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CinthiaBeatriceDaSilvaTelles_TESE.pdf: 1798517 bytes, checksum: 1ec7c34c6f828ce70bd877620c9ebb47 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-31T22:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CinthiaBeatriceDaSilvaTelles_TESE.pdf: 1798517 bytes, checksum: 1ec7c34c6f828ce70bd877620c9ebb47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / Macroalgas marinhas constituem uma fonte extremamente rica de compostos bioativos, dentre eles, polissacar?deos sulfatados. Sargassum filipendula (SF), alga pertencente ? ordem Phaeophycea, ? fonte de heterofucanas conhecidas pela capacidade de modular uma s?rie de fun??es biol?gicas. Considerando a necessidade de encontrar f?rmacos mais eficientes no combate a infec??es microbianas, as heterofucanas de SF foram avaliadas como agentes imunomoduladores e antimicrobianos. As heterofucanas SF0.5V, SF0.7V e SF1.0V apresentaram uma forte atividade imunomoduladora intensificando a libera??o de ?xido n?trico (NO) por macr?fagos murinos (RAW 264.7), bem como, por macr?fagos originados de mon?citos prim?rios humanos. Al?m disso, quando macr?fagos humanos foram infectados por Leishmania infantum e tratados com SF0.5V, SF0.7V e SF1.0V ocorreu um aumento significativo na libera??o extracelular de NO. Como a citotoxicidadede de macrof?gos contra a forma intracelular de leishmanias ? mediada pela produ??o de NO, avaliamos a atividade leishmanicida sobre a forma amastigota intracelular de L. infantum e observamos que macr?fagos infectados e tratados com SF0.5V, SF0.7V e SF1.0V se tornaram menos suscept?veis ? infec??o. As heterofucanas que se mostraram com capacidade de induzir a atividade anti-leishmania tamb?m apresentaram melhor taxa de produ??o de NO, por?m os dados de correla??o levaram a observa??o que este n?o ? o principal mecanismo de a??o das fucanas de SF no combate a esse protozo?rio. A heterofucana SF0.5V tamb?m apresentou atividade inibit?ria da forma??o de biofilme (~ 50%) frente a bact?ria Staphylococcus epidermidis. J? SF0.7V e 1.0V inibiram quase que totalmente a replica??o do protozo?rio Trichomonas vaginalis. Resultados como esse refletem o espectro de a??o desses polissacar?deos sulfatados obtidos de SF e mostram o seu potencial como agentes imunomoduladores e microbicidas. / Fucans, sulphated polysaccharides that contain L-fucose in its constitution, obtained from species of Phaeophyceae of the Sargassum kind, display several biological activities. Heterofucans from Sargassum filipendula are bioactive molecules that contain strong antiproliferative and antioxidant activity. However, their immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities have not yet been examined. In this context, the aim of this research was to evaluate the heterofucans as for their immunomodulatory capacity and antimicrobial action against Leishmania infantum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumonia (KPC). The five heterofucans obtained from S. filipendula show activities that are distant as stimulants of the immune system and microbial agent. The SF0.5V, SF0.7V amd SF1.0V heterofucans were capable of acting in the activation of murine and human macrophages. In addition to that, SF0.5V has shown antibiofilm activity of S. epidermides and SF0.7V and 1.0V almost completely inhibited the survival of the protozoan T. vaginalis. Results such as this one, reflect the broad range of action of the sulphated polysaccharides obtained from seaweeds, especially from the species S.filipendula

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-23T19:12:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Francisco L?cio da Silva Beltr?o.pdf: 1689416 bytes, checksum: 76a8c64f4a1c610912e18f6afdec5d8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T19:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Francisco L?cio da Silva Beltr?o.pdf: 1689416 bytes, checksum: 76a8c64f4a1c610912e18f6afdec5d8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-29 / CAPES / The degradation of the wood occurs because of chemical, physical and biological factors, in the latter are the termites, which due to feed primarily on cellulose, which is a major constituent of the wood. In front of the potential damage of these insects to the timber, it is essential to study their attractiveness and feeding preferences to various wooden species, in order to better understand their habits and so to improve the prevention and control methods. This study aimed to analyze if wood of the five exotic forest species (Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus urograndis, and Pinus elliottii) is forage by termites throughout the time in three environments with different anthropic actions in the municipality of Seropedica, RJ; if there is preference of attack to wood of these species in this environmental and time conditions, and if the anthropization level influence the distribution of the termite species. Two areas were inside the campus of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (monoculture of eucalypt and fragment of Mata Atlantica), and other in the Fazenda Agroecol?gica do Km 47 (area around the edification). Wooden stakes (2x2x25 cm) were made as test samples, which were buried on the ground at each experimental area, and evaluated at three times of exposition in the field (90, 120 and 150 days after the installation of the stakes), with eight replicates/forest specie/time. The initial weight and the wooden density of each stake were determined before they were set up in the field. To determine the points of termite activity in the areas, baits of cardboard carton were buried on the ground in order to attract the termites. The points where the baits present attack of termites served as central point for installation of the wooden stakes, which were disposed in a radial position, forming a circle of the stakes. After each exposure time the wooden stakes were collected and weighed to determine the feeding preference of the termites based on the consumption rate of the stakes. The obtained results showed the occurrence of three species of termites (a specie per area), an exotic: Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Rhinotermitidae), which occurs in the area around the edification, and two natives: Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen)(Rhinotermitidae), which was present at the eucalypt plantation, and Nasutitermes cf. itapocuensis (Holmgren) (Termitidae) which occurs in the forest. C. gestroi and H. tenuis showed more attractiveness/frequency of attack to wooden stakes of P. elliottii (83% and 63%, respectively), while N. cf. itapocuensis had highest occurrence/frequency of attack to E. cloeziana (79%). The average consumption rates of the stakes by C. gestroi and H. tenuis among the five forest species were similar. N. cf. itapocuensis showed sinficant feeding preference to E.cloeziana (4.32?1.19g) compared to P. elliottii (0.18?0.10g).It was observed that the low density of the wood influenced the occurrence/frequency of C. gestroi and H. tenuis to P. elliottii, while N. cf. itapocuensis was not influenced by this characteristic of the wood. However, there was no relationship between the feeding preferenceconsumption and the mean density of the wood to C. gestroi and H. tenuis, but N. cf. itapocuensis preferred woods of medium density. / A degrada??o da madeira ocorre devido a fatores qu?micos, f?sicos e/ou biol?gicos, neste ?ltimo se encontram os t?rmitas, por se alimentarem basicamente de celulose, que ? um dos principais constituintes da madeira. Diante do potencial de dano desses insetos ao madeiramento, ? imprescind?vel estudar a atratividade e a prefer?ncia alimentar destes ?s mais variadas esp?cies de madeira, para compreender melhor seus h?bitos e assim aperfei?oar os m?todos de preven??o e controle. Esse estudo objetivou analisar se madeira de cinco esp?cies florestais ex?ticas (Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus urograndis, e Pinus elliottii) ? forrageada por t?rmitas ao longo do tempo em tr?s ambientes com diferentes a??es antr?picas no munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ; se h? prefer?ncia de ataque ?s madeiras dessas esp?cies nessas condi??es ambientais e de tempo, e se o n?vel de antropiza??o influencia a distribui??o das esp?cies de t?rmitas. Duas ?reas estavam dentro do campus da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (monocultivo de eucalipto e remanescente de Mata Atl?ntica), e outra na Fazenda Agroecol?gica do Km 47 (?rea ao redor de edifica??o). Foram confeccionadas estacas de madeira (2x2x25 cm) que serviram como corpos de prova, as quais foram enterradas no solo em cada ?rea experimental, sendo avaliadas em tr?s ?pocas de exposi??o a campo (90, 120 e 150 dias ap?s a instala??o das estacas), com oito repeti??es/esp?cie florestal/?poca. Foi aferido o peso inicial e a densidade da madeira de cada estaca antes de serem dispostas no campo. Para determinar pontos de atividade term?tica nas ?reas, foram enterradas no solo iscas de rolo de papel?o cartonado para atra??o dos t?rmitas. Os pontos onde as iscas apresentaram ataque de t?rmitas serviram como pontos centrais para a instala??o das estacas de madeira, que assumiram uma posi??o radial, formando um circulo de estacas. Ap?s cada ?poca de exposi??o, as estacas foram retiradas do campo e pesadas para determina??o prefer?ncia alimentar dos t?rmitas com base na taxa de consumo das estacas. Os resultados obtidos revelaram a ocorr?ncia de tr?s esp?cies de t?rmitas (uma esp?cie por ?rea), uma ex?tica: Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann)(Rhinotermitidae), que ocorreu na ?rea ao redor de edifica??o, e duas nativas: Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen) (Rhinotermitidae), que estava presente no eucaliptal, e Nasutitermes cf. itapocuensis (Holmgren) (Termitidae) que ocorreu na floresta. C. gestroi e H. tenuis apresentaram uma maior atratividade/frequ?ncia de ataque para as estacas de P. elliottii (83%e 63%, respectivamente), enquanto N. cf. itapocuensis apresentou maior ocorr?ncia/frequ?ncia de ataque em E. cloeziana (79%). As taxas m?dias de consumo das estacas por C. gestroi e H. tenuis entre as cinco esp?cies florestais foram semelhantes. N. cf. itapocuensis revelou prefer?ncia alimentar significativa por E. cloeziana (4,32?1,19g) em rela??o a de P. elliottii (0,18?0,10g). Observou-se que a baixa densidade da madeira influenciou a ocorr?ncia/frequ?ncia de ataque de C. gestroi e H. tenuis por P. elliottii, enquanto N. cf. itapocuensis n?o foi influenciado por essa caracter?stica da madeira. Entretanto, n?o houve rela??o entre a prefer?ncia alimentar/consumo e a densidade m?dia da madeira para C. gestroi e H. tenuis, j? N. cf. itapocuensis preferiu madeiras de m?dia densidade.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-23T13:49:38Z No. of bitstreams: 5 1.pdf: 5282104 bytes, checksum: 5079ffdcbf2b7fa8508a090d60e3bc93 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-23T17:37:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 1.pdf: 5282104 bytes, checksum: 5079ffdcbf2b7fa8508a090d60e3bc93 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-23T17:37:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 1.pdf: 5282104 bytes, checksum: 5079ffdcbf2b7fa8508a090d60e3bc93 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo compreender alguns par?metros acerca da hist?ria natural da esp?cie Baccharis platypoda, um arbusto dioico pertencente ? fam?lia Asteraceae, com indiv?duos masculinos e femininos que apresentam dimorfismo sexual e habitam ?reas de campo rupestre, campos e bordas de matas ciliares. Para compreender alguns pontos sobre sua autoecologia, foram analisadas a distribui??o espacial, a fenologia e as intera??es ecol?gicas entre a esp?cie e insetos end?fagos. O estudo foi realizado em tr?s ?reas pertencentes ? Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri ? UFVJM, localizados no Campus JK, pr?ximo ao C?rrego do Soberbo. A ?rea ? composta por mosaicos de vegeta??o, onde h? predom?nio de afloramentos rochosos e campos ?midos. Em cada ?rea, foram selecionados dez indiv?duos de B. platypoda, sendo cinco indiv?duos de cada sexo, onde, por um per?odo de um ano (set./2010 a set/2011) foram feitas visitas quinzenais para a observa??o dos est?gios fenol?gicos. Nesse per?odo, foram coletados cap?tulos quinzenalmente para cria??o de insetos end?fagos em recipientes vedados com algod?o e que, ap?s a eclos?o, foram conservados em ?lcool 70%; os cap?tulos foram dissecados para an?lise dos danos ?s estruturas florais. Para o estudo da distribui??o espacial, todos os indiv?duos foram localizados por meio das coordenadas x e y de cada planta, com altura ?30 cm atrav?s das dist?ncias, obtidas com uma trena, e identificados quanto ao sexo ou como jovem, pela aus?ncia de estruturas reprodutoras. O padr?o de distribui??o espacial foi determinado atrav?s da Fun??o K de Ripley univariada e bivariada, enquanto que os padr?es fenol?gicos foram determinados atrav?s da an?lise de intensidade de Fournier, correla??o de Spearman e an?lise circular. O padr?o de herbivoria foi analisado atrav?s da an?lise de regress?o linear, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e an?lise de agrupamento pelo m?todo de Two-Way-joining. Foi aplicado o teste de qui-quadrado para o estudo de distribui??o espacial e para o padr?o de herbivoria. Baccharis. platypoda apresentou padr?o agregado com varia??es em escalas diferentes para jovens e adultos e semelhan?a espacial entre indiv?duos de ambos os sexos. No entanto, a independ?ncia espacial entre os indiv?duos da esp?cie se mostrou uma constante. A fenologia reprodutiva da esp?cie esteve associada a algumas vari?veis ambientais (precipita??o e temperatura), enquanto que a fenologia vegetativa, de modo geral, apresentou-se relacionada ? fenologia reprodutiva das esp?cies. Insetos end?fagos apresentaram prefer?ncias quanto ao sexo e est?gio fenol?gico dos cap?tulos, havendo maior preda??o em cap?tulos masculinos e em est?gios mais desenvolvidos. Assim, a esp?cie apresentou correla??o entre a sua distribui??o espacial, os est?gios fenol?gicos (principalmente a fenologia reprodutiva) e os padr?es de ataque de insetos end?fagos, sugerindo a utiliza??o deste conhecimento na elabora??o de poss?veis estrat?gias de preserva??o e manejo. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT This study has as its main goal the understanding of some parameters on the natural history of the Baccharis platypoda species, a unisexual bush belonging to the Asteraceae subdivision, in which both male and female single organisms present sexual dimorphism inhabiting in rupestrian field areas, fields and woodland ciliary edges. In order to have a better understanding on some issues of its auto ecology, spatial, phenology, and ecological interactions between the species, endophage insects have been analyszed. This study took place in three areas belonging to UFVJM - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, situated at the JK Campus, by the Soberbo Stream. The area is composed of a miscellany vegetation with the prevalence of protruding rocks and wet fields. Ten B. platypoda organisms were selected from each one of these areas, five from each gender. During one year from september, 2010 to september, 2011 biweekly inspections for the watch of phenological stages were made. During this period of time, biweekly chapters for the production of endophage insects were gathered in cotton sealed containers preserved in alcohol after emergence. The chapters were dissected for the analysis of possible floral composition damages. For the spatial distribution study all the organisms were found through the use of X and Y reference point of each plant with height of 30 cm or over, tape measured, identified as to gender or youth due to absence of reproductive compositions. The spatial distribution pattern was established through the use of Ripley's K Function univariate and bivariate, whereas the phenological patterns were determined through the analysis of Fournier intensity, Spearman's corelation and circular analysis. The herbivory pattern was analyzed through the linear regression analysis, Kruskal-Wallis's test, and the Two-Way-joining method. The chi-square test was used for the study of spatial distribution and for the herbivory pattern. Baccharis. platypoda showed aggregate pattern with variations in different ranges both for young and adults, and also spatial likeness with organisms of both genders. However, there was a steady spatial independence among the organisms of the species. The species reproductive phenology was associated to some environmental variations (precipitation and temperature), whereas the vegetative phenology as a whole was related to the reproductive species phenology. Endophage insects showed preferences as to genger and phonological chapter stages; there was more predation in male chapters in more developed stages. Thus, the species presented correlation among its spatial distribution, phenological stages (mainly the reproductive phenology) and the patterns of phenological insects, suggesting the use of this knowledge in the elaboration of possible strategies for preservation and management.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HonaraMS_DISSERT.pdf: 1764050 bytes, checksum: 8846e2477a7b0e0f242d2ada60121e07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-26 / This study to aimed investigate the community of ectoparasites associated with birds in the Mata do Olho D ?gua, in the municipality of Maca?ba, Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil, its structure and the ambiental and hosts influential variables on it, and to verify microhabitats preferences by species of chewing lice and feather mites. We examined 172 individuals belonging to 38 species of Passeriformes and non-Passeriformes. 12 new geographic records are reported and 11 host-parasite associations not yet known for chewing lice and feather mites species. Significant relationship was found between the abundance of chewing lice and the variables total length (r = 0.29, p <0.05) and exposed culmen (r = 0.38, p <0.05) of the hosts. A principal component (PC1) accounted for 90.1% of the hosts morphological variation was significantly influential on the abundance of chewing lice (p <0.05), indicating that the morphological characteristics of the hosts may be positively influencing the abundance of these ectoparasites. Significantly higher frequency of individuals with high loads of chewing lice was detected during the dry period (x ? = 8.5, p <0.05), corroborating studies that propose that birds of arid environments suffer as much pressure as those of parasitic humid environments. Analyses of null models of co-occurrence and niche overlap showed a high degree of structure in the feather mites and chewing lice assemblies, when compared with other groups, and preferences in the use of microhabitats by taxa identified. These results corroborate ecological theories in host-parasite systems, contribute to the knowledge of ectoparasites associated with neotropical birds, and the need for experimental studies, as well as further deepening the biology of these arthropods / O presente estudo teve como objetivos investigar a comunidade de ectoparasitos associada a aves Mata do Olho D ?gua, localizada no munic?pio de Maca?ba, Rio Grande do Norte, BR, sua estrutura e a influ?ncia de vari?veis ambientais e morfol?gicas dos hospedeiros, al?m de averiguar prefer?ncias de microh?bitat pelas esp?cies de ?caros de pena e mal?fagos em associadas ?s aves em estudo. Foram examinados 172 indiv?duos pertencentes a 38 esp?cies de aves Passeriformes e n?o-Passeriformes. S?o reportados 12 novos registros geogr?ficos para o Brasil e 11 associa??es ainda n?o conhecidas com hospedeiros de ?caros de pena e mal?fagos. Foi detectada rela??o significativa entre abund?ncia de mal?fagos e as vari?veis comprimento total (r= 0,29; p<0,05) e c?lmen exposto (r= 0,38; p<0,05) dos hospedeiros. Uma componente principal (CP1) respons?vel por 90,1% da varia??o morfol?gica dos hospedeiros foi significativamente influente sobre a abund?ncia de mal?fagos (p<0,05), indicando que caracter?sticas morfol?gicas dos hospedeiros podem estar influenciando positivamente a abund?ncia desses ectoparasitos. Frequ?ncia significativamente maior de indiv?duos com altas cargas de mal?fagos foi dectada durante o per?odo de seca (x?= 8,5; p<0,05), corroborando estudos que prop?em que aves de ambientes ?ridos sofrem tanta press?o parasit?ria quanto aquelas de ambientes ?midos. An?lises de modelos nulos de coocorr?ncia e sobreposi??o de nicho apontaram alto grau de estrutura nas assembleias de ?caros e mal?fagos, quando comparadas com outros grupos, e prefer?ncias no uso de microh?bitats pelos t?xons identificados. Estes resultados corroboram teorias ecol?gicas nos sistemas parasito-hospedeiro, contribuem para o conhecimento dos ectoparasitos associados ?s aves neotropicais e apontam a necessidade de estudos experimentais, assim como maior aprofundamento na biologia desses artr?podos

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-01T23:16:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NataliaCabralSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 6162949 bytes, checksum: a617efb8abda58ca56a363d6c5f97c62 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-16T21:48:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NataliaCabralSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 6162949 bytes, checksum: a617efb8abda58ca56a363d6c5f97c62 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-16T21:48:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NataliaCabralSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 6162949 bytes, checksum: a617efb8abda58ca56a363d6c5f97c62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Extratos vegetais s?o aplicados amplamente na medicina popular, principalmente na regi?o Nordeste do Brasil. O extrato das folhas de Turnera subulata e Anacardium occidentale, por exemplo, ? aplicado como alternativa no tratamento de diversas doen?as como diabetes, hipertens?o, dor cr?nica, c?ncer e inflama??es. Entretanto, apesar do seu amplo uso, os efeitos desses compostos ainda n?o est?o bem descritos. Deste modo, buscamos avaliar as propriedades antioxidantes e anti-inflamat?rias dos extratos das folhas de T. subulata e A. occidentale em um modelo de inflama??o in vitro, usando o lipopolissac?rideo como estimulo em macr?fagos da linhagem RAW 264.7. Para tanto, fizemos a quantifica??o de marcadores de resposta inflamat?ria na linhagem, assim como a sua capacidade de modula??o das prote?nas cinases ativadas por mit?geno (p38, ERK? e JNK). Adicionalmente, foram realizados ensaios de viabilidade pela rea??o com o brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetraz?lio e da sulforhodamina B, avalia??o da modula??o em fator de necrose tumoral alfa e interleucina-1?, al?m de ensaios espec?ficos para a avalia??o antioxidante como o de oxida??o de diclorofluoresce?na em tempo real, quantifica??o das esp?cies reativas do ?cido tiobarbit?rico, prote?nas tiol e carbonila??o de prote?nas. Os extratos apresentaram atividades antioxidantes e anti-inflamat?rias, por ser poss?vel observar que o co-tratamento com o extrato das folhas de T. subulata foi capaz de reduzir o estresse oxidativo nas c?lulas, produzido pela resposta inflamat?ria, tal como, possuiu a capacidade de modular diretamente a resposta inflamat?ria, modulando a atividade dos membros das vias prote?nas cinases ativadas por mit?geno. No extrato das folhas de A. occidentale, os resultados tamb?m demostraram atividade antioxidante, que foi observado a partir da diminui??o do dano oxidativo em macr?fagos tratados com as dosagens de 0,5 e 5 ?g/mL do extrato. Al?m disso, esse extrato reverteu os danos oxidativos e os par?metros inflamat?rios induzidos por lipopolissac?rideo nas c?lulas testadas, sendo capaz de inibir a libera??o do fator de necrose tumoral alfa e interleucina-1?. Marcadores inflamat?rios como receptor toll-like 4, receptor para produtos de glica??o avan?ada e CD40, que s?o induzidos por lipopolissac?rideo tamb?m foram modulados. Posteriormente avaliamos as vias de sinaliza??o envolvidas na resposta inflamat?ria mediada por lipopolissac?rideo. O extrato de A. occidentale bloqueou os efeitos do lipopolissac?rideo na fosforila??o de ERK?, SAPK/JNK e P38. Dessa forma, nossos resultados indicam os poss?veis efeitos antioxidantes e anti-inflamat?rios dos extratos aquosos de T. subulata e A. occidentale e demonstram os poss?veis mecanismos biol?gicos respons?veis por esses efeitos. / Plant extracts are widely applied in popular medicine, mainly in the Northeastern Brazil. The leaf extracts of Turnera subulata and Anacardium occidentale, for example, are applied as an alternative in the treatment of lots diseases such diabetes, hypertension, chronic pain, cancer and inflammation. Despite their wide use, the effects of these are still not well described. Thus, we to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of leaf extracts of T. subulata and A. occidentale in an in vitro inflammation model of using lipopolysaccharide macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, we quantified the inflammatory response markers in the lineage, as well as its ability to modulate the MAPKs (p38, ERK? and JNK). In addition, MTT and SRB viability tests, TNF-? and IL-1? modulation evaluation were performed, as well as specific tests for antioxidant evaluation such as DCFH, TBARS, thiol proteins and carbonylation of proteins. The extracts presented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and it was possible to observe that co-treatment with the extract of leaf the T. subulata was able to reduce the oxidative stress in the cells, produced by the inflammatory response, the capacity for modulate directly the inflammatory response, altering the activity of MAPK pathway members. In the extract of leaf the A. occidentale the results also showed antioxidant activity, which was observed when the extract decreased the oxidative damage in cells of macrophages treated with the dosages of 0.5 and 5 ?g/mL. In addition, this extract reversed the oxidative damage and inflammatory parameters induced by lipopolysaccharide in the cells tested, being able to inhibit the release of TNF-? and IL-1?. Inflammatory markers such as TLR4, RAGE and CD40 that are induced by LPS were also modulated. Later, we evaluated the signaling pathways involved in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response. The extract of A. occidentale blocked the effects of lipopolysaccharide on the phosphorylation of ERK?, SAPK/ JNK and p38. In this way, our results indicate the possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extracts of T. subulata and A. occidentale and demonstrate the possible biological mechanisms responsible for these effects.

O estudo da diversidade viral em amostras ambientais tem se tornado cada vez mais importante devido a funções-chave desempenhadas por esses organismos. Estudos recentes têm fornecido evidências de que vírus de bactérias (bacteriófagos) podem ser os principais determinantes em ciclos biogeoquímicos de grandes ecossistemas, além de atuarem no fluxo de genes entre comunidades ambientais e na plasticidade funcional das mesmas frente a estresses ambientais. Neste trabalho, propomos a investigação e caracterização da diversidade viral presente em amostras de compostagem através de abordagens não dependentes e dependentes de cultivo. Na primeira abordagem, coletamos amostras seriadas de uma unidade de compostagem do zoológico de São Paulo para realização de sequenciamento metagenômico. O conjunto de sequências gerado foi extensivamente minerado (data-mining) para a produção de resultados de diversidade e abundância de táxons virais ao longo do processo de compostagem. Adicionalmente, procedemos com a montagem e recuperação de sequências virais candidatas a genomas completos e/ou parciais de novos vírus ambientais. Os dois protocolos computacionais utilizados para a mineração de dados encontram-se definidos e automatizados, podendo ser aplicados em quaisquer conjuntos de dados de sequenciamento metagenômico ou metatranscritômico obtidos através da plataforma Illumina. A segunda abordagem correspondeu ao isolamento e caracterização de novos fagos de Pseudomonas obtidos de amostras de compostagem. Três novos fagos foram identificados e tiveram os seus genomas sequenciados. A caracterização genômica desses fagos revelou genomas com alto grau de novidade, insights sobre a evolução de Caudovirales e a presença de genes de tRNA, cuja função pode estar relacionada com um mecanismo dos fagos para contornar o viés traducional apresentado pela bactéria hospedeira. A caracterização experimental dos novos fagos isolados demonstrou grande potencial para lise e dissolução de biofilme da cepa Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, conhecida como agente causador de infecções hospitalares em pacientes imunodeprimidos. Em suma, os dados reunidos nesta dissertação caracterizam a diversidade presente no viroma da compostagem e contribuem para o entendimento dos perfis taxonômico, funcional e ecológico do processo. / The study of the viral diversity in environmental samples has become increasingly important due to key-roles that are performed by these organisms in our ecosystems. Recent publications provide evidence that viruses of bacteria (bacteriophages) may be key-players in biogeochemical cycles of large ecosystems, as oceans and forests. Besides, they may also be determinant in the genes flux among populations and in the plasticity of the communities face to environmental stresses. In this work, we propose the investigation and characterization of the viral diversity in composting samples through non-culturable and culturable-dependent approaches. In the first approach, we sampled a composting unit from the Sao Paulo Zoo Park in different time points and proceeded with metagenomic sequencing. The dataset generated was extensively mined to provide results of diversity and abundance of viral taxa through the composting process. Additionally, we proceeded with the assembly and retrieval of candidate sequences to partial or/and complete viral genomes. The two computational protocols were automatized as pipelines and can be applied to any metagenomic dataset of illumina reads. The second approach refers to the isolation and characterization of new Pseudomonas phages obtained from composting samples. Three new phages were identified and their genomes were sequenced. A detailed characterization of these genomes revealed high degree of novelty, insights about evolution of tailed-phages and the presence of tRNA genes, which may be related to a mechanism to bypass host translational bias. The experimental characterization of the new phages demonstrated great potential to lyse bacterial cells and to degrade Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 biofilms. In short, the data presented in this dissertation shed light to the composting virome diversity, as well as to the functional and ecological profiles of viruses in the composting environment.