There has been an increase in the fatherhood studies with minority groups in the United States in the past decades; however, these studies rarely included Turkish American fathers. To the best of the authors knowledge, current study was the first to explore father involvement in relation to fathers' perception of mothers' gate-keeping, fathers' competence as a parent, and their cultural stance as related to conservatism among a sample of Turkish American fathers with children between the ages of 3 to 6 years (n = 103). An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factor loadings of gate-closing and gate-opening items. The results yielded a two-factor solution with one suppressed item, and two cross-loading items with factor loadings bigger than .32. A path analysis was conducted to determine whether father's competence in relation to gate-closing and gate-opening, and father's conservatism adequately described father involvement through regression paths. The results of the chi-square goodness-of-fit test were not significant, χ2(3) = 1.84, p = .607, suggesting that the model fit the data well. Father's competency significantly predicted father involvement (B = 0.56, SE = .211, p = .008). Gate-closing (B = -30.48, SE = 15.340, p = .047) and gate-opening (B = 1.20, SE = .298, p < .001) significantly predicted father involvement. Gate-closing partially mediated the relationship between father's competency and father involvement (B = 0.11, SE = .063, p = .004) while gate-opening didn't yield mediation. And finally, conservatism did not significantly predict father involvement (B = -0.09, SE = -1.11, p = .266). The results suggest that with Turkish American fathers, competency, gate-closing and gate-opening are good predictors of father involvement, while conservatism is not a good predictor in this current study.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Dias Rosa Fulgencio.pdf: 424997 bytes, checksum: a557035c159523a923e47d2ba28ae34c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose aim of this paper is to explain Winnicott s concept of what is expected of a father, in terms of his presence and the many roles played by him in the bringing up of a child, during the process of personal maturation, from birth to the stage of Oedipus Complex, keeping in mind healthy up-bringing. Without intending to write a comparative paper that takes into account many psychoanalytic ways of approaching a same topic, I aim to identify aspects of Winnicott s theories, which referring to this theme, can characterize the most important differences between this author and the traditional psychoanalysis concepts. While the traditional psychoanalysis, due to the centerpiece of Oedipus and to the magnitude of the sexuality theory, the father s role was limited mostly overall to the role of an interventionist and a representative of the law, as for Winnicott, the presence of the father in involved implicated since the beginning of life, when questions concerning Oedipus Complex have no meaning whatsoever, and continues changing as the child matures. This paper confirms the thesis that the thoughts reasonings viewpoints thinkings of this author represents a new theoretical and practical foundation from which the human questions, in this case, the presence and role of the father, in the process of maturation, can be understood / Este estudo tem por objetivo explicitar a concepção de Winnicott acerca do que é requerido do pai, em termos de presença e dos diversos papéis que lhe estão reservados na criação de um filho, ao longo do processo de amadurecimento pessoal, do nascimento até o estágio do complexo de Édipo, tendo em vista um desenvolvimento saudável. Sem pretender fazer um estudo comparativo que leve em conta as várias abordagens psicanalíticas sobre essa mesma questão, viso identificar aspectos da teoria de Winnicott que, referidos a esse tema, podem caracterizar as diferenças marcantes da teoria desse autor com relação às formulações da psicanálise tradicional. Enquanto nesta última, devido à centralidade do Édipo e à primazia da teoria da sexualidade, o papel do pai ficou delimitado, sobretudo, ao de interventor e de representante da lei, em Winnicott, a presença do pai está implicada desde o início da vida, quando as questões relativas ao complexo edípico não fazem ainda nenhum sentido, e vai se alterando à medida em que o amadurecimento da criança avança. Este estudo corrobora a tese de que o pensamento desse autor representa um novo fundamento teórico e prático a partir do qual as questões humanas, no caso, a presença e a parte que cabe ao pai, no processo de amadurecimento, podem ser entendidas

Cette recherche a été inspirée par les travaux de John Bowlby sur l’attachement ainsi que par les écrits psychanalytiques de Sigmund Freud et de Donald Winnicott sur le développement de la relation père-garçon. Trois objectifs ont été formulés dans la présente étude : A) Les jeunes garçons d’âge préscolaire pourraient-ils projeter, à travers quelques sessions de jeu symbolique libre, leurs représentations paternelles? B) S’ils les projettent, quelle est la nature de ces représentations paternelles? C) Existe-t-il une relation entre le type d’attachement (évalué par un instrument standard) et les représentations paternelles projetées dans le jeu symbolique libre? Dix garçons de quatre ans ont été filmés à la maison et dans une garderie pendant, en moyenne, quatre sessions totalisant par enfant, une durée moyenne de deux heures trente minutes de jeu symbolique. Le type d’attachement a été évalué à l’aide de l’Attachment Story Completion Task. Les résultats démontrent que l’ensemble des garçons ont été en mesure de projeter des représentations paternelles basées sur la figure du père. Tous ces garçons ont perçu le père comme une figure de protection et huit enfants sur dix ont exprimé verbalement leur attachement à ce dernier. Un enfant de type évitant (type A) n’a pas évoqué la figure du père dans son jeu. Ce père était rarement à la maison pour s’occuper de son garçon. Enfin, le dernier enfant, de type ambivalent (un enfant particulièrement agressif de type C), a présenté dans son jeu des interactions négatives avec le père et ce, tout au long des sessions de jeu symbolique. Il appert ainsi que le jeu symbolique permet à l’enfant de projeter des représentations de la figure paternelle. Ces représentations sont en lien avec le type d’attachement que l’enfant détient au moment de l’évaluation. / This research was inspired by the work of John Bowlby on infant attachment and the psychoanalytic writings of Freud and Winnicott on the father figure. Three objectives were formulated for this exploratory study; a) Will the young preschool boy spontaneously project his paternal representations in the context of a series of symbolic free play sessions? b) If so, what is the nature of the paternal representations? c) Is there a relationship between the type of attachment as evaluated with a standardized instrument and the paternal representation projected into the free play sessions? Ten four year old boys were filmed in their own homes and in the daycare setting during an average of four sessions each for a total of two and a half hours. The type of attachment was evaluated with the Attachment Story Completion Task. The results showed that all of the boys were capable of projecting paternal representations onto the father figures. All of the children perceived these figures as a source of protection and eight out of ten verbally expressed their attachment to them. One insecure boy (type A) did not invoke the father figure in his play and in real life his father was rarely at home. The remaining insecure boy (a very angry type C) showed consistent negative interaction with the father figure throughout the sessions. It seems that the symbolic play allow the child to project adequatly the representation of the father figure. These representations are linked to the attachment type that the children possessed at the moment of the evaluation.

Cette recherche a été inspirée par les travaux de John Bowlby sur l’attachement ainsi que par les écrits psychanalytiques de Sigmund Freud et de Donald Winnicott sur le développement de la relation père-garçon. Trois objectifs ont été formulés dans la présente étude : A) Les jeunes garçons d’âge préscolaire pourraient-ils projeter, à travers quelques sessions de jeu symbolique libre, leurs représentations paternelles? B) S’ils les projettent, quelle est la nature de ces représentations paternelles? C) Existe-t-il une relation entre le type d’attachement (évalué par un instrument standard) et les représentations paternelles projetées dans le jeu symbolique libre? Dix garçons de quatre ans ont été filmés à la maison et dans une garderie pendant, en moyenne, quatre sessions totalisant par enfant, une durée moyenne de deux heures trente minutes de jeu symbolique. Le type d’attachement a été évalué à l’aide de l’Attachment Story Completion Task. Les résultats démontrent que l’ensemble des garçons ont été en mesure de projeter des représentations paternelles basées sur la figure du père. Tous ces garçons ont perçu le père comme une figure de protection et huit enfants sur dix ont exprimé verbalement leur attachement à ce dernier. Un enfant de type évitant (type A) n’a pas évoqué la figure du père dans son jeu. Ce père était rarement à la maison pour s’occuper de son garçon. Enfin, le dernier enfant, de type ambivalent (un enfant particulièrement agressif de type C), a présenté dans son jeu des interactions négatives avec le père et ce, tout au long des sessions de jeu symbolique. Il appert ainsi que le jeu symbolique permet à l’enfant de projeter des représentations de la figure paternelle. Ces représentations sont en lien avec le type d’attachement que l’enfant détient au moment de l’évaluation. / This research was inspired by the work of John Bowlby on infant attachment and the psychoanalytic writings of Freud and Winnicott on the father figure. Three objectives were formulated for this exploratory study; a) Will the young preschool boy spontaneously project his paternal representations in the context of a series of symbolic free play sessions? b) If so, what is the nature of the paternal representations? c) Is there a relationship between the type of attachment as evaluated with a standardized instrument and the paternal representation projected into the free play sessions? Ten four year old boys were filmed in their own homes and in the daycare setting during an average of four sessions each for a total of two and a half hours. The type of attachment was evaluated with the Attachment Story Completion Task. The results showed that all of the boys were capable of projecting paternal representations onto the father figures. All of the children perceived these figures as a source of protection and eight out of ten verbally expressed their attachment to them. One insecure boy (type A) did not invoke the father figure in his play and in real life his father was rarely at home. The remaining insecure boy (a very angry type C) showed consistent negative interaction with the father figure throughout the sessions. It seems that the symbolic play allow the child to project adequatly the representation of the father figure. These representations are linked to the attachment type that the children possessed at the moment of the evaluation.

Depuis plusieurs décennies, on reconnaît l’existence d’une complémentarité des rôles père et mère dans le développement de l’attachement de l’enfant. La mère étant davantage impliquée dans les soins, le père se spécialise dans la sphère exploration, le jeu et le respect des règles. Les études démontrent une association entre la qualité d’attachement des parents et de l’enfant avec un effet plus fort chez les mères, un phénomène discuté sous le vocable transmission intergénérationnelle de l’attachement. De nos jours, on assiste à un plus grand partage des tâches liées à l’enfant et le père peut être perçu comme une figure de soin. Cette étude a été menée à partir d’un échantillon normatif de familles biparentales hétérosexuelles (N = 182) à proximité de Montréal. Le premier objectif était d’examiner l’association entre l’attachement des parents évalué avec le Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ) et celui de l’enfant évalué lors de la Procédure de la Situation Étrangère (SSP). Le second objectif était d’examiner le rôle modérateur du temps passé par les parents avec l’enfant. Contrairement à nos prédictions, les résultats ne démontrent aucune association significative entre le RSQ maternel et la SSP mère-enfant. Toutefois, les pères avec qui l’enfant a développé un attachement sécurisé se distinguaient par un score de sécurité significativement supérieur au RSQ. Ensuite, le temps père-enfant n’était pas associé à l’attachement père-enfant, mais l’était avec l’attachement mère-enfant. Concernant cette association, le temps total passé par le père avec l’enfant était négativement associé à la résistance au contact mère-enfant, positivement associé au type Sécurisé et négativement associé au type Résistant. Enfin, la quantité de temps que les deux conjoints passent ensemble avec l’enfant était positivement associée au type Sécurisé et négativement associée au type Désorganisé lors de la SSP mère-enfant. Au terme de cette étude, nous croyons que le RSQ évalue des dimensions différentes de celles habituellement associées avec la SSP, ce qui en fait un choix moins recommandé pour examiner l’association entre l’attachement du parent et de l’enfant. La quantité de temps passé par le père avec l’enfant ne semble pas déterminante dans le développement de l’attachement père-enfant. Toutefois, nos données suggèrent des bénéfices directs et indirects associés au temps passé par le père avec la dyade mère-enfant sur le lien d’attachement mère-enfant. / Since a few decades, researchers have acknowledged the evidence of a complementarity between the roles of the father and the mother in the development of infant attachment. While the mother plays a main role in caregiving, the father tends to promote exploratory behavior, respect of rules and frequently act has a playmate. Numerous studies have shown an association between caregiver’s attachment and infant’s attachment with a stronger effect for mothers, which is widely discussed in terms of intergenerational attachment transmission. Nowadays, between the two parents, there is a less hermetic division of tasks associated with caregiving and there is a growing agreement that the father can be perceived as a secure figure. We studied a normative sample of 182 heterosexual biparental families living in the Montreal area. The first objective was to examine the association between parent’s attachment assessed with the Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ) and infant-parent attachment measured with the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP). Our second objective was to look at the role of time spent by the parent with his child as a moderator of the above-mentioned association. Unlike our predictions, no significative association was found between the maternal RSQ and the infant-mother SSP. Nevertheless, fathers with whom a secured attachment is developed distinguish themselves by a significantly higher security score on the RSQ. Furthermore, while the time spent by the father with the infant hasn’t been linked with father-infant attachment, it was, however, associated with mother-infant attachment. Concerning this association, the time spent by the father with his child was negatively associated with resistance during the mother-infant SSP, positively associated with Secure type and negatively associated with Resistant type. Finally, the time the parents spent together with the child was positively associated with the Secure type and negatively associated with Disorganize attachment. At this study’s conclusion, we believe the RSQ might assess dimensions other than the ones usually associated with the SSP, which would make this instrument less recommended in future research on attachment transmission. The time the father spends with his child doesn’t seem to influence his attachment. However, our results suggest the time spend by the father with the mother-infant dyad might have direct and indirect benefices on the mother-infant attachment.

No description available.

Text in Afrikaans / The earlier conceptualisation of the roles of fathers that only focused on the breadwinner, has been replaced by a number of unique roles that are fulfilled by the father. The different aspects of fatherhood have a reciprocal influence on each other and can influence the father’s experience. The goal of this qualitative study was to explore the father’s experience of twins in their middle childhood. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight fathers. From this study it became clear that fatherhood of twins can generally be seen as a positive experience, but fathers of twins face extra challenges that lack in the case of single children. The researcher came to the conclusion that by being aware of the changes in each developmental stage, the father can prepare himself better for fatherhood and handle situations that he experiences at a particular moment. Various suggestions that can be useful for parental guidance and preparing fathers of twins for fatherhood were made. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

This essay concerns Purple Hibiscus and Kambili's emotional development, and explores how violence, submission and emotional dependence along with a traditional feminine gender role can hinder acknowledgement of trauma. I propose that Kambili is encouraged to take on a culturally expected feminine gender role, and her submissive disposition is discussed and connected to her constant search for a father figure. The notion of personal and collective postcolonial trauma is explained and applied to contextualise her inability to question either her father or the political situation in Nigeria. I read Kambili's change as negative and aim to show that she has internalised patriarchal structures. Her change is contrasted to the change in her brother Jaja, to show how and why they develop in different directions. Traditional gender roles are discussed from a rather general perspective, but also in a context that concern masculinity, violence and power relations.

Tidigare studier har visat att pappor upplever att de känner sig utanför i kontakten med barnavårdscentralen. En av barnhälsovårdens uppgifter är att ge stöd och råd till föräldrar, för att främja barns utveckling. Pappor som inte är delaktiga, kan leda till otrygg anknytning mellan barnet och föräldern, vilket kan påverka barnets fortsatta utveckling. Syftet med studien var att undersöka distriktssköterskors upplevelser av pappors delaktighet i samband med kontakt med barnavårdscentralen. Studien hade en kvalitativ ansats. Individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer gjordes med tolv distriktssköterskor som arbetade på olika barnavårdscentraler i södra Sverige. Intervjuerna analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. I resultatet framkom tre kategorier: Möjligheter att vara närvarande, pappans känslor kan påverka delaktigheten och pappor som är aktiva på BVC (barnavårdscentralen). Resultatet visade att distriktssköterskorna upplevde att papporna inte var särskilt delaktiga i kontakten med barnavårdscentralen, vilket ofta berodde på att pappan arbetade. Distriktssköterskorna upplevde att papporna kunde känna sig bortglömda, när fokus främst var på mamman och barnet. Distriktssköterskorna upplevde att papporna hade andra frågor och var intresserade av andra ämnen än mammorna. Majoriteten av distriktssköterskorna upplevde att pappornas delaktighet i kontakten med barnavårdscentralen ökade, och att det delvis berodde på att distriktssköterskan själv hade ändrat inställning till pappors delaktighet och därmed mer aktivt bjöd in papporna nuförtiden. / Previous studies has shown that fathers feel left out of the contact with the child health centre. One of the assignments of the child health services is that of giving support and advice to parents, in order to promote the development of the child. When the father is not involved it can lead to insecure attachment, and also affect the development of the child in a negative way. The aim of this study was to describe district nurses experience of fathers participation in contact with the child health centre. A qualitative approach was used. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve district nurses working in child health centres. The interviews were analysed with a qualitative content analysis. Analysis of the interviews resulted in three categories: The ability of being present, fathers feelings could affect the participation, fathers who are active in the child health centre. The result of this study showed that the district nurses experienced that fathers could feel forgotten, when the main focus was of the mother and child. The district nurses experienced that fathers had different questions and were interested in other subjects than the mothers. The majority of the district nurses experienced that fathers participation in the contact with the child health centres increased, in part of the district nurses change of attitudes towards fathers participation, leading to more active invitation of the fathers.

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work