Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:44:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina Rizzetto Cerqueira.pdf: 1526700 bytes, checksum: 9fa2e553200307f740d564b3b8baf705 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-03 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The starting point of this thesis was the observation a little number of women teaching technical disciplines in areas such as engineering, architecture and technologies at IFSP Campus Sao Paulo. This fact lead to question the profile of this group and their life stories as women teaching in a masculine environment. Therefore, the main aims was to analyse the professional careers of these women according to their own perspectives. The methodological approach was a qualitative research with open interviews and narratives as data collection. The participants were seven academics who were teaching in areas such as mechanical engineering, construction and electro technology and who started to work at IFSP between 1976 and 1999. In interviewing and portraying parts of the life of these academics, we include them in the history of education, as they are relevant local agents and writers of a real history in the professional education. Among the results, it is possible to observe their influence in the institutional changes as well as in the life of their students. Moreover, they worked as managers in different levels and areas of the institution and were part of administrative teams of the campus. These academics also developed research in their own educational fields. In having the narratives of these academics in evidence, we managed to understand how this group of women win their own professional space in a predominantly male environment. This achievement happened due to the pioneering way they contributed to the management of their institution as well as their research and professional behaviour. / A presente tese surgiu da observação do pequeno número de mulheres que ministram disciplinas técnicas ou tecnológicas em áreas que concentram engenheiros, arquitetos e tecnólogos no Instituto Federal de São Paulo-Campus São Paulo (IFSP). Tal fato levou ao questionamento sobre qual seria o perfil desse grupo e como foram suas trajetórias profissionais sendo mulheres docentes num universo predominantemente masculino. O objetivo geral foi o de analisar as trajetórias profissionais de professoras de disciplinas do ensino técnico e tecnológico sob a ótica delas próprias. A opção metodológica foi por uma abordagem qualitativa com entrevistas abertas e narrativas. Participaram sete professoras que atuavam nas áreas de Mecânica, Construção Civil e Eletrotécnica e que ingressaram entre os anos de 1976 e 1999 no IFSP. Ao entrevistar e retratar parcelas das vidas dessas docentes, de certa forma as incluímos na história da educação visto que foram presenças marcantes como agentes locais e escritoras de uma história real no âmbito da educação profissionalizante. Entre os resultados, foi possível perceber que elas influenciaram os acontecimentos institucionais e a vida de seus alunos com sua atuação. Além disso, foram gestoras em vários níveis e áreas da instituição fazendo parte de equipes administrativas do campus. As professoras realizaram pesquisas nas suas áreas de atuação e estudo. Foi possível compreender como esse grupo de entrevistadas docentes mulheres conquistaram seus espaços profissionais em ambientes onde havia a dominância do sexo masculino. Essa conquista se deu pela forma pioneira com as quais geriram, pesquisaram e atuaram na instituição.

This qualitative case study explores the experiences of adolescent boys and their female teacher in two single sex drama classrooms over a two year period. It has been influenced by sociological and educational frames of knowledge with a specific emphasis on gender studies. Driven by the work of Biddulph (1995), Bly (1990), Pollack (1999), Hawkes (2001), Hartman (1999), Connell (1995,1996) and Kenway (1997), this research is ideologically grounded in theories that investigate the areas of masculinity, boys' education and drama practice. It takes as its pivotal focus the notion that educationally, adolescent boys are facing complex and troubled times and that a reassessment of the way boys are taught in schools is crucial. Additionally, the role and influence of the female teacher in the single sex boys' classroom was significant, providing an essential backdrop for investigating the classroom experiences of the boys. In the area of educational drama, research into adolescent boys and classroom drama is still unfolding.This thesis contributes to knowledge in this area and reveals the important benefits and potential that educational drama holds for empowering young males to explore their own masculine identities and understand their world with clarity and insight. Data collected during this research forms the basis of a narrative journey shared between the reader and the researcher. The research is heavily grounded in the ethnographic tradition of 'telling stories' from the field - stories which reveal the authentic lived experiences of the participants. Part of the greater story told here includes that of the researcher and documents some of the more notable challenges and highlights of working in the field over an extended time frame. Specifically, the research addresses the following questions: What benefits do adolescent boys perceive they gain from doing drama? How do adolescent boys communicate with each other in the drama classroom? How do adolescent boys approach drama work in their classroom? How do they perceive their own experiences and relationships in a single-sex drama classroom? What role does their female teacher play in their experiences in the drama classroom? The research revealed a number of important considerations for the fields ofsociology, gender studies and education. Amongst some of the major findings was the potential of drama to break down stereotypical notions associated with masculinity and boys' abilities to excel in area such as the Arts. The enjoyment and fulfillment that the boys felt they gained from participating in drama resulted in a heathlier classroom environment characterised by a greater tolerance and understanding of each boy's individual masculinity. It was also revealed that the presence of a female drama teacher was considered an advantage, granting the boys access to a field of knowledge and feeling that was different to their 'male ways of knowing.' Additionally, for the field of drama, the research revealed that the value of solid planning, a defined understanding of contemporary drama practice and implementing learning experiences carefully and thoughtfully grounded in the lives of the students, cannot be underestimated as essential components of effective drama teaching.

In this dissertation, I examine individual decisions in occupational choice, labor supply, and health care utilization. Occupational choice decisions of female college graduates on whether to teach or not are analyzed to understand the role of fertility and relative wages using a panel estimation method. I also compare the behavioral changes in the labor force participation among teachers and non-teachers conditional on the presence of a new-born baby. Using the human capital model where a worker decides her hours of work responding to wages, and her human capital is accumulated proportional to her hours of work, I predict that the positive relationship between entry wages and post wages. Empirical evidence suggests that the shock in entry wages may be attributed to post wage differentials. I examine individuals?? choice of health insurance plan and utilization of health care services. Empirical evidence shows that there is favorable self-selection into health maintenance organizations (HMOs) plans and that HMO members use more of office-based and hospital outpatient services. It suggests ineffectiveness of HMO plans in reducing utilization.

In this dissertation, I examine individual decisions in occupational choice, labor supply, and health care utilization. Occupational choice decisions of female college graduates on whether to teach or not are analyzed to understand the role of fertility and relative wages using a panel estimation method. I also compare the behavioral changes in the labor force participation among teachers and non-teachers conditional on the presence of a new-born baby. Using the human capital model where a worker decides her hours of work responding to wages, and her human capital is accumulated proportional to her hours of work, I predict that the positive relationship between entry wages and post wages. Empirical evidence suggests that the shock in entry wages may be attributed to post wage differentials. I examine individuals?? choice of health insurance plan and utilization of health care services. Empirical evidence shows that there is favorable self-selection into health maintenance organizations (HMOs) plans and that HMO members use more of office-based and hospital outpatient services. It suggests ineffectiveness of HMO plans in reducing utilization.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Education) / The World Health Organisation defines mental health as "a state of well-being in which the individual realizes her or his own abilities, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community" (WHO, 2001, p. 1). There is a paucity of academic research about the mental health status of minority groups, especially women of colour (Moultrie & Kleintjes, 2006). In South Africa too, this gap in research is evident when focussing on the mental health of women, especially Coloured women in South Africa. Women's health and their mental health in particular are often affected by the way society treats and regards them; often they suffer from emotional, mental and physical exhaustions. This study investigated the mental health status of Coloured female teachers working in historically disadvantaged Special Schools in the Cape Metropole of the Western Cape Education Department. This group designation is the designation that was formally used during South Africa's Apartheid past policies of segregation in categorising groups according to pre-determined race categories. Coloureds where then considered to be a minority grouping in South Africa. Reference is still currently made in democratic South Africa to the Apartheid race categorisations in contemporary formal policies that seek to redress the inequities of the past, both in terms of race as well as gender categories (Conway-Smith, 2011; Stromquist, 1998). Given the intimate association between race and identity, especially within a socio-historical context such as that of South Africa, it is reasonable to consider the impact of this association on an individual's mental health status.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The Normal Schools were the first institutions in Brazil to work with the education of primary teachers, particularly the female ones, contributing to improve the education in the initial courses. In CearÃ, its relevant role is so notorious that it became a tradition to the society since its foundation in 1884. The main objective of this PhD research is to understand how the education of the first female primary teachers happened from 1958 to 1960 in Fatima neighborhood. The specific objectives are: keep track of the arrival of the Normal School in that neighborhood, knowing the perspectives of the ânormalistasâ about this change, including the building and the schoolÂs around; to know the educational curriculum of the course, trying to understand its pedagogical aspects in relation to the institutionÂs the purpose: primary teachers education; to understand the class planning as well as the teaching practice preparation and to figure out what studying in the Normal School means to them, trying to understand the place that institution occupied in the normalistasâ memories. In the theoretical approach, the following concepts were used: (i) tradition, from the authors Hobsbawm (1997) and Balandier (1997); (ii) teacher education, highlighting the authors Lima (1966), Arroyo (2000), Fontana (2005), NÃvoa (1992), Novaes (1992) and (iii) Normal School: Silva (2009; 2001), Carvalho (1998), Olinda (2005), Holanda (2001). Beyond those authors, we searched in documental sources, Brazilian educational legislation and newspapers. About the methodology, the research was classified as qualitative and case study using semitructured interviews and testimonials with sixteen (16) subject of which ten (10) normalistas: two (2) of the 2nd class and eight (8) of the 3rd class; the husband of a ânormalistaâ; the Colonel Pergentino Maiaâs grandson; the director of the intermediary public file; the current director and 2 (two) institution employees. The results showed that although the ânormalistasâ had experienced major challenges during the course, such as the move to a building under renovations, the neighborhood still being structured, and the educational context reformulating guidelines for the Normal School (1958-1959), we conclude that the tradition of graduating in the Normal School cearense, prevailed because it was the primary institution in the education of teachers for the initial courses. / As Escolas Normais no Brasil foram as primeiras instituiÃÃes a trabalharem com a formaÃÃo de professores primÃrios, sobretudo de professoras, contribuindo para a melhoria da educaÃÃo nas sÃries iniciais. No CearÃ, tambÃm à notÃrio o seu papel relevante que se tornou uma tradiÃÃo para a sociedade desde o seu funcionamento no ano de 1884. Esta pesquisa de Doutorado âA tradicional Escola Normal Cearense chega ao bairro de FÃtima: formaÃÃo das primeiras professoras primÃrias (1958 â 1960)â teve como objetivo principal compreender como aconteceu a formaÃÃo das primeiras professoras primÃrias em 1958-1960 no bairro de FÃtima e como objetivos especÃficos: historiar a chegada dessa instituiÃÃo nesse bairro, conhecendo as perspectivas das normalistas sobre essa mudanÃa, incluindo o prÃdio e o entorno da escola; conhecer o currÃculo escolar do curso, buscando compreender seus aspectos pedagÃgicos em relaÃÃo ao propÃsito da instituiÃÃo: formaÃÃo de professores primÃrios; entender o planejamento das aulas, como tambÃm, a preparaÃÃo da prÃtica docente ou tirocÃnio das normalistas e compreender o que significava para elas estudar na Escola Normal, buscando entender qual o lugar que esta instituiÃÃo ocupava na memÃria dessas normalistas. Na abordagem teÃrica, utilizou-se dos conceitos: i) tradiÃÃo, a partir dos autores: Hobsbawm (1997) e Balandier (1997); ii) formaÃÃo de professores, destacando-se os autores: Lima (1966), Arroyo (2000), Fontana (2005), NÃvoa (1992); Novaes (1992) e iii) Escola Normal: Silva (2009; 2001), Carvalho (1998), Olinda (2005) e Holanda (2001). AlÃm desses autores, pesquisou-se em fontes documentais, legislaÃÃo educacional brasileira e jornais. Na metodologia, classificou-se a pesquisa como qualitativa e estudo de caso, utilizando-se da entrevista semiestruturada e depoimentos com 16 (dezesseis) sujeitos dos quais 10 (dez) normalistas: 2 (duas) da 2 turma e 8 (oito) da 3 turma; o marido de uma normalista; o neto do coronel Pergentino Maia; o diretor do arquivo pÃblico intermediÃrio; a diretora atual e 2 (dois) funcionÃrios da instituiÃÃo. Os resultados apontaram que embora as normalistas tivessem vivenciado grandes desafios durante o curso: a mudanÃa para um prÃdio em reformas, o bairro ainda se estruturando e o contexto educacional reformulando as diretrizes para o Ensino Normal (1958-1959), mesmo assim, conclui-se que prevaleceu a tradiÃÃo de se formar na Escola Normal cearense, por ser a instituiÃÃo primordial na formaÃÃo de professores para as sÃries iniciais.

En France, dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, l'enseignement de l'éducation physique et sportive est marqué par la sportivisation de la discipline, l'hétérogénéité des statuts enseignants et la séparation sexuée des recrutements. Si Vichy, en 1941, confère à l'éducation physique sa dimension sportive, sur fond de division sexuée et statutaire des recrutements, ce n'est qu'en 1989 que le concours du professorat, désormais seule voie d'accès à l'enseignement, devient commun pour les femmes et les hommes. De la séparation à la mixité, la diversité des existences interroge les processus d'adhésion et d'intégration des femmes à un métier historiquement masculin. A partir de dossiers de carrière, d'entretiens et de questionnaires, auxquels s'ajoute la presse syndicale et professionnelle, cette histoire sociale genrée des enseignantes d'EPS appréhende la diversité des parcours au regard de leurs expériences sociales, professionnelles, familiales. Sous couvert de contraintes structurelles et conjoncturelles, cette étude donne la primeur à l'individu actrice de sa propre vie. Le temps long est marqué par la construction d'une émancipation professionnelle et l'expression d'une relative liberté d'être et d'agir, au sein de carrières pondérées par le poids de la famille, mais guidées aujourd'hui par un idéal d'égalité. Ce travail de doctorat entend participer à un renouvellement de l'histoire du sport et de l'éducation physique, par les femmes, les statuts et l'individu, afin d'aborder in fine la controverse professionnelle sur la mixité / In the second half of the 20th Century in France, the teaching of physical education was marked by the increasing influence of sport within the discipline, the teachers’ status heterogeneity and the gender-differentiated division of recruitments. Although in 1941 the Vichy regime acknowledged the importance of sport within physical education on the basis of gender and status equality for recruitments, it was not until 1989 that the official entry-requirement examination – the only way into the teaching profession – was made available to both men and women. From single-sex physical education to coeducation, the broad range of life courses questioned the compliance and integration process of women into a historically male-oriented professional realm. Using data gathered from career files, interviews, surveys as well as union and professional press, this social gendered history on female physical education teachers examines the variety of paths with regards to their social, professional and familial experiences. This analysis focuses on the women in touch and in charge of their own lives. Time has shown a gradual liberation within the profession, and the expression of a relative freedom in being and acting, in careers that are embedded in family burden, though influenced today by an ideal of equality. This PhD study aims at being part of the renewal of sport and physical education history, by women, status and the individual, so as to put light on the professional issue at stake on coeducation in fine

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore female teachers' experiences regarding their authority and legitimacy in socio-economically vulnerable areas in Stockholm. The research questions used were: 1. How do female teachers experience their authority regarding students, legal guardians, co-workers and executives? 2. How do female teachers experience that their physical attributes and gender affects their authority regarding students, legal guardians and co-workers? 3. How do female teachers experience that their legitimacy affects their authority in regards to students, legal guardians and co-workers?  Method: A qualitative hermeneutic approach was used. Eight female teachers working in two different schools in socio-economically vulnerable areas in and outside of Stockholm were interviewed. The interviews were executed digitally after requests of the respondents and they were audibly recorded in order to be able to transcribe them in direct connection to the interviews. Since the study has an inductive work procedure, the theoretical framework was not determined until after the interviews, which turned out to be hermeneutics. Hermeneutics lets our pre-understandings and interpretations reflect the result. We have tried to find connections between the experiences of the female teachers regarding their authority and legitimacy in relation to students, legal guardians, co-workers and executives. Result: Female teachers are struggling with/and maintaining authority in regards to students. Authority seems to grow as time passes, which is in line with previous research. The female teachers in our study experience a difference in who is given authority: white, Swedish men seem to be advantageous in regards to authority, over others. We can also determine that female teachers do not experience problems in regards to authority or legitimacy in relation to legal guardians, though it differs from students, co-workers and executives where the female teachers in some degree do experience questioning.  Conclusion: We interpret the results as some of the female teachers seem to struggle in order to keep their subject legitimized. Lastly, authority seems to be in parallel to personal characteristics where gender, ethnicity and physical attributes are crucial in order to experience authority and legitimacy. / Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur kvinnliga lärare upplever sin auktoritet och legitimitet i socioekonomiskt utsatta områden i Stockholm. Forskningsfrågorna som använts är: 1. Hur upplever kvinnliga lärare sin auktoritet gentemot elever, vårdnadshavare, kollegor och ledning på sin arbetsplats? 2. Hur upplever kvinnliga lärare att deras fysiska attribut och könstillhörighet påverkar auktoriteten gentemot elever, vårdnadshavare och kollegor? 3. Hur upplever kvinnliga lärare att deras legitimitet påverkar deras auktoritet i förhållande till elever, vårdnadshavare och kollegor?  Metod: Åtta kvinnliga lärare intervjuades för att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar vilka alla utfördes digitalt efter respondenternas önskemål. Intervjuerna spelades in efter respondenternas godkännande och transkriberades i direkt anslutning till intervjuerna. Eftersom studien har ett induktivt arbetssätt formulerades den teoretiska referensramen först efter intervjuerna var genomförda. Hermeneutiken, som var det teoretiska begrepp som ansågs mest användbart, grundar sig i att våra förståelser och uppfattningar har färgat resultatet. Vi har försökt hitta samband mellan de kvinnliga lärarnas upplevelser gällande auktoritet och legitimitet gentemot elever, vårdnadshavare, kollegor och ledning.  Resultat: Resultatet i studien visar att de kvinnliga lärarna har svårt att uppnå auktoritet och att hålla kvar auktoriteten i relation till elever. Auktoritet är något som verkar förstärkas ju längre tid en lärare är yrkesverksam, vilket även är i linje med tidigare forskning. De kvinnliga lärarna i vår studie ser en skillnad i vilka som får auktoritet, de menar att det är fördelaktigt att vara en vit svensk man. Vi har även sett att de kvinnliga lärarna i vår studie inte upplever en problematik gällande auktoritet och legitimitet gentemot vårdnadshavare. Däremot framgår det att några av lärarna upplever en viss begränsning i upplevd auktoritet gentemot både elever, kollegor och ledning.  Slutsats: Vi tolkar resultatet som att vissa av kvinnorna i vår studie upplever det svårt att hålla deras ämnen legitima. Slutligen verkar auktoritet ges i förhållande till personliga karaktärsdrag där framförallt kön, etnicitet och fysiska attribut är direkt avgörande för att uppleva auktoritet och legitimitet.

This research was conducted to investigate the Saudi science teachers' perception of the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools to enhance teaching and learning and undertake a small and groundwork examination of these teachers current use of ICT. It draws on the interpretive paradigm (Cohen Manion, 1994), where the focus is on how people interpret and make sense of their world. From this interpretive perspective the beliefs of Saudi secondary school science teachers, in relation to the benefits of ICT, their current use of ICT and their perceived needs for improvement in the use of ICT in the classroom were investigated. Saudi secondary schools science teachers from both girls' and boys' schools in three different types of schools have been involved in this study. There were 28 government schools (9 girls' and 19 boys' schools), four small schools in rented premises (2 girls' and 2 boys' schools) and four Aramco schools (1 girls' and 3 boys' schools). These schools were in different districts: Aldammam city, Alkhobar city, Aldahran city, Alqateaf city and Sufwa city. The teachers were asked to voluntarily participate in the study and 131 teachers out of 200 (86 male and 45 female, 65 %) completed the questionnaire. Analysis of the data, together with the relevant literature builds a picture of the use of ICT in science education. Providing ICT hardware and software resources to a school is not enough to ensure significant developments in use of ICT for teaching and learning in Saudi science classrooms. Access to working ICT continues to be an issue for these teachers. Although teachers identified many benefits to teachers and students from using ICT and had made individual efforts to develop their use of ICT for admin planning and lesson preparation, they also identified barriers. These barriers focused on a lack of appropriate professional development and technical support. The findings have implications for future development in the area of ICT. It is expected that the results of the research will guide future research and development in the country and outline the importance of the use of information and communication technology in education for teachers, students, parents and decision-makers. It will contribute information towards decision-making and planning in future projects.

The thesis deals with the development of the secondary school teaching professionduring the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century. The emphasisof the study is on the concurrence of three structural processes in this profession:feminization, professionalization and governmental bureaucratization.The "teachers of the people" found themselves deeply affected by radical economicand social structural changes during the transition from classical industrialcapitalism to organized capitalism at the end of the 19th century. These strucuralchanges aggravated the conflicts between the classes and the sexes in society, andthe elementary school became an important institution for social and ideologicalcontrol. But the teachers were not content to be the mindless instruments of thepredominant ideology. At an early stage the elementary school and the teachersthemselves began to live "a life of their own". Both male and female teachers beganto develop strategies in the struggle for power and control over their profession. Inother words, a process of professionalization began.At the same time as the teachers were organized collectively the women's share ofthe profession increased. The teaching of the lower classes was considered verysuitable for unmarried middle-class women, and the cheap female labour wasattractive to the politicians. There were risks of clashes between male and femaleinterests, since the profession also attracted young men from the farming andworking classes, who saw possibilities of social advancement in this sector of theschool system.The men developed different strategies against their female colleagues. Duringthe whole of the 19th century women were integrated into the professional project.At the turn of the century the men developed a strategy of social closure againstwomen, which meant that these were relegated to a lower level. At the same timethe government introduced regulations which were intended to impede women'sfast access to the profession. This triggered off an open conflict between the sexes inthe profession, since the changes were initiated by male elementary school teacherswho were leaders of the professional program as well as leading politicians in thegovernment and the Riksdag. / <p>Vissa bilder borttagna av upphovsrättskäl.</p> / digitalisering@umu