The respective master's thesis examines the relationship between frames and narratives and how they resonate with images on social media. In the present thesis I research how Israel Defense Forces framed the protests in Gaza also known as the Great March of Return from 30 March 2018 to 30 March of 2019 on Twitter. While analyzing the twitter account of Israel Defense Forces, I apply Entman's (1993) elements of framing and identify broader strategic narratives that Israel currently employs. The broader strategic narratives include "Israel as the only democracy in the Middle East"; "Israel as a startup nation" and "Israel as the leader in combating Islamic terrorism". In the theoretical part I also reflect on previous research and studies engaging with social media and its use by militaries. In the analytical part I identify individual frames that Israel Defense Forces have repeatedly employed during the protests in the respective timeframe. Each frame is accompanied by visual content and if available by the strategic narratives.

This study is positioned in the context of the South African higher education landscape, which is currently grappling with issues of access and inequality. Online education is one of the potential approaches to expand access to South African students, but has often been met with skepticism as to its pedagogical quality, and has been perceived as an inferior alternative to traditional contact education. A comparative research design is followed in which two courses within a postgraduate marketing management qualification at a South African public university are compared. This qualification is offered in both contact and online format. The same courses within different modes of education are compared, as well as different courses within the same mode of education. A coding system was created based on Basil Bernstein’s concepts of framing and classification, and the courses were compared based on various dimensions of framing and classification. The study aimed to explore the affordances and limitations of both contact and online education. It was found that the ‘sequence’ and ‘pace’ aspects of framing are impacted by mode of education, with the online learning environment allowing students more agency in determining the pace and sequence of their learning. The ‘hierarchical rules’ aspect of framing is also impacted by mode, with the online courses offering an inherently non-hierarchical learning environment. It was found that weaker framing over these elements can present either an affordance or limitation, depending on the subject matter, with some types of subject matter being well suited to weaker framing over sequence, pace, and hierarchical rules, and others being constrained by it.

The purpose of this study was to examine how Greta Thunberg, as a phenomenon, is portrayed in the news media Fox News as well as CNN and also how other actors are appearing in the news frames. The study was done by doing a qualitative content analysis in the form of a news framing analysis by focusing on frequent themes; frames by which she is portrayed. Furthermore I compared CNN with Fox News in relation to Greta Thunberg and how they portray her objectively. The examined articles were those of which they were published during the week when Greta Thunberg was named TIME’s ‘Person of the Year’. The frames, as a result, were that Greta Thunberg is framed as ‘A Hero’, ‘Someone to be questioned as Person of the Year’ and ‘A threat towards Donald Trump. The frequent actors apart from Greta Thunberg who appeared were Donald Trump as well as TIME’s Magazine. The results also found that Fox News and CNN takes different stands when it comes to Greta Thunberg.

Problemformulering & Syfte: Tensta klassas som ett särskilt utsatt förortsområde och medieforskare har länge pekat på att kommunikationen om förorten i media genomsyras av stereotypisering genom gestaltningsprocesser. För många människor är medier den viktigaste källan till information. Det media kommunicerar bidrar till skapandet av föreställningar som påverkar både allmänhetens uppfattning om verkligheten i förorten och de som bor i dessa områdens syn på sig själva och sin hemort. Att kommunicera är att gestalta, varje gång vi kommunicerar med någon gestaltar vi verkligheten på något särskilt sätt och eftersom människan alltid strävar efter att skapa mening i tillvaron är gestaltningsprocesser ofrånkomliga. Med detta i åtanke har studien i syfte att undersöka hur förorten Tensta gestaltas i de svenska nyhetstidningarna Dagens Nyheter och Aftonbladet under perioden 1 januari 2019 till 31 december 2019.

The purpose of the following study is to investigate if, and in what way, other parliamentary parties show similarities with the Swedish Democrats rhetoric in the speech on immigration and integration and, based on Bourdieu's concepts field, capital and doxa, offer a possible explanation for the other parliamentary parties' position through the speech on immigration and integration. In order to achieve the purpose, a framing analysis is made in which speech presented on Almedalen by the Social Democrats, the Left Party, the Moderates, and the Christian Democrats during the period 2009-2019 constitute the empirical material. The position of the investigated parliamentary parties in the political field through the speech on immigration and integration is explained on the basis of Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of field, capital, and doxa. The study shows that the pattern of change among the parliamentary parties examined differs in the way of speaking but also in the existence of similarities with the rhetoric of the Swedish Democrats as well as the tendency to raise issues concerning immigration and integration. One conclusion that can be drawn is that an approach to the Swedish Democrats seems to entail changed rhetoric as well as an increased tendency to discuss immigration and integration issues. Another conclusion is that the existence of the Swedish Democrats means that the investigated parliamentary parties must somehow relate to them since neutral handling of them does not seem possible. A third conclusion is that nothing happens as an isolated event, but several factors cooperate in the change of the parliamentary parties' investigated speech on immigration and integration.

On the 11th of march, the coronavirus was declared as a pandemic and during the following weeks the media coverage about the virus drastically increased. The aim of this essay was to examine how two swedish newspapers, Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet, reported about and framed the news about the coronavirus. This was achieved by examining the difference between the reporting of the two newspapers and the difference between how the coronavirus was framed depending on which country was reported about. The framework of this study contains of framing theory, agenda setting theory, the studies of news values, stereotypes, and the Other. The method used to examine this topic was a quantitative content analysis based on 331 articles about the coronavirus. The results of this study show that even though the coronavirus was classified as a pandemic, that spread across the world, the main focus of the reporting centered around the coronavirus in Sweden. The places that the newspapers focused the least on was Africa and South America with barely any news about the spread of the coronavirus. In accordance with previous research, the most utilized theme in relation to the coronavirus was actions to slow the virus down and management of the virus. The most commonly used sources of the articles were other media outlets. The second most commonly used source spokespeople for different companies, they often spoke about the negative consequences that fell upon the companies due to the coronavirus. Aftonbladet produced 77 more articles than Dagens Nyheter, measured during the same timespan. Dagens Nyheter produced more articles about the economic effects that were caused by the coronavirus than Aftonbladet, they focused more on articles about actions to slow the virus down. The choice of angles of the articles also differed between the newspapers. Aftonbladet focused more on the negative effects of the coronavirus, while Dagens Nyheter did not have one specific angle that was more prominent.

The current global food system is market-driven and depends on the exploitative commodification of our basic need to eat. It has been consistently condemned for its incapacity to account for justice, sustainability, welfare, and health. Developing alternative food system strategies is a necessary step towards creating a more sustainable and just reality. By conducting a comparative analysis using semi-structured interviews and virtual mapping between a rural area and an urban city in Ontario, Canada, the relationship between food geographies and the development of diagnostic (problem-oriented) and prognostic (solution oriented) framings within the corporate food regime is explored. Considering the influences of socio-geographical context (i.e. urban or rural), and the impacts of cognitive and physical food distancing adds new perspective and considerations to the existing literature. The results found that the urban participants had more robust diagnostic and prognostic framings than the rural participants. They also found that the impacts of food distancing were represented by the participants differently; The urban participants experienced more significant cognitive and physical distancing, but were mostly worried about the impacts of cognitive food distancing, whereas the rural participants were mostly focused on the impacts of physical distancing and were less affected by both types of distancing.

While pornography has become highly accessible, another way in which pornography is present in media is through discussion in movies and television shows, which is often framed through casual reference, by way of a joke, or in a teasing manner. A content analysis of 55 episodes that reference pornography—looking specifically at the framing of pornography in individual scenes—provides valuable insight into the media ecosystem surrounding pornography and its potential impact on adolescents. Using cultivation analysis and framing theory as a theoretical basis, this study analyzes the inclusion of the terms, “porn,” “porno,” and “pornography” in popular television shows.

This study aims to investigate how religious education in Swedish schools is portrayed in the Swedish media. Retriever's media archive is used by searching for the word’s religious education (religionsundervising*) and religious knowledge (religionskunskap*) in five of the most read newspapers in Sweden, Dagens Nyheter, Göteborgs Posten, Sydsvenskan, Aftonbladet and Expressen during the years 2010-2021. Furthermore, a qualitative content analysis is used to find similarities and differences between the articles and then group the articles into different themes that are presented in the results section of the study. The study uses the framing theory to analyze the results by using the theory's concepts of “frame building”, “journalistic framing” and “framing effects”. The results showed an overall picture of how religious education is presented in the Swedish media. Together with the framing theory, it could also show that depending on the writer, media source and basic source of the article, the portrayal will look different. This is explained with the help of the concepts of frame building and journalistic framing.

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