published_or_final_version / Journalism and Media Studies Centre / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

This study explores the differences in attitude held by newspaper photographers and designers concerning the acceptability of digitally altering front-page photographs. It takes its findings from a summer 2006 survey that asked these two newsroom groups to rate their acceptance of certain common techniques used to change photographs from their original forms. Their answers revealed that designers are generally more accepting of altered photographs than their photographer colleagues. Also, photographers are more likely to find acceptable those photographs altered for technical reasons than for aesthetic ones. Least acceptable to photographers, this study finds, are alterations that affect a photograph's content. / Department of Journalism

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Sergio Silva.pdf: 28488868 bytes, checksum: 5859757341e505af8f3c543d8a0f425c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / 60+4. Other years of the same crisis. History, Images and other dialogues, this research interweaves history toa socio-political-cultural analysis of the civilian-military pre-coup in the sixties, retrieves and presents old and new characters, producers of multiple evidences entangled to that plot. The production of dialogues, which coexist and interpenetrating the international context of those years, pointed to the clash of political culture, manager of ceaseless quest for hegemony that characterized the period of bi-polarization between capitalist and communist. The reading of headlines and images that composed some of the front pages / covers of the newspapers Folha de S. Paulo and the Ultima Hora, between the years of 1960 and 1964; as well as consistent literature visitation about the subject, became exciting paths for socializing with partisan disputes; characters from politics and military scene; exciting cultural production, foreign interference, among others, reverberating as sounding that social place. The civic-military coup of 1964 composes memories from that and this lived present / 60 + 4. Outros anos da mesma crise. Histórias, imagens e outros diálogos, esta investigação entrelaça a História a uma análise político-social-cultural do pré-golpe cívico-militar dos anos sessenta, recupera e apresenta antigos e novos sujeitos produtores dos múltiplos indícios enredados àquela trama. A produção de diálogos, que coexistiam e se interpenetravam ao contexto internacional daqueles anos, apontava para o embate de cultura política gestor da incessante busca por hegemonia que caracterizava o período de bipolarização entre capitalistas e comunistas. A releitura de manchetes e imagens que compuseram algumas das primeiras páginas/capas dos diários Folha de S. Paulo e Ultima Hora, pertencentes ao recorte 1960 à 1964, bem como a visitação à consistente bibliografia sobre o tema transformaram-se em estimulantes veredas para o convívio com as disputas partidárias, com sujeitos do cenário político e militar, com a instigante produção cultural, com a ingerência estrangeira, entre outras, reverberando como caixa de ressonância daquele lugar social. O golpe cívico-militar de 1964 compõe memórias daquele e deste presente vivido

<p>Syftet med den här studien är att jämföra Aftonbladets och Expressens förstasidor under fyra olika år för att se vilka förändringar som har skett. I kontext till detta har vi även undersökt mediemarknadens utveckling. Åren vi har undersökt är 1977, 1987, 1997 och 2007.</p><p>Undersökningsmaterialet är 182 förstasidor som är väl utspridda under de fyra åren. Vi har använt oss av en syntetisk vecka där man till exempel undersöker måndagen från en vecka, tisdagen veckan därpå osv. Vår främsta utgångspunkt har varit Marina Ghersettis forskning om den alltmer utbredda sensationsjournalistiken samt andra teoretiker som forskar inom samma område.</p><p>Den kvantitativa studien visade att brott förekommer mest som huvudnyhet på förstasidorna samt att det förekommer mer nyheter om kändisar än vad det gjorde för 30 år sedan. Den vanligaste huvudaktören är den ”vanliga människan” och huvudnyhetens ursprung och källa är oftast från Sverige.</p><p>Den kvalitativa analysen pekade ut att det har skett en förändring på tidningarnas förstasidor. Bilderna har blivit mindre i storlek men fler samt att reklam på tidningarna förekommer i allt högre utsträckning nu än för 30 år sedan. Undersökningen visade också att tidningarnas förstasidor liknade varandra mer utseendemässigt för varje år som gick.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study is to compare the front pages of Aftonbladet and Expressen in four different years within a period of 30 years to see what changes have been done. We have also examined the development of the media over time. Our examined years are 1977, 1987, 1997 and 2007.</p><p>The material of examination consists of 182 front pages which are well spread over the four years. We have employed a so called synthetic week, meaning that you examine Monday one week, Tuesday the following week, and so forth. Our main starting point has been the research of Marina Chersetti about the increasingly widespread journalism of sensation, as well as other theorists carrying out research within the same area.</p><p>The quantitative study showed that crimes are the most frequently occurring head news on the front pages and that there are more news about celebrities today than 30 years ago. The most common main figure is the “ordinary individual” and the origin of the head news, as well as the source, is mostly Swedish.</p><p>The qualitative analysis pointed out that the front pages have changed. The pictures have become smaller but more numerous, and compared to 30 years ago, advertising occur to a greater extent today. The study also showed that the front pages became more similar in appearance every year.</p>

Syftet med den här studien är att jämföra Aftonbladets och Expressens förstasidor under fyra olika år för att se vilka förändringar som har skett. I kontext till detta har vi även undersökt mediemarknadens utveckling. Åren vi har undersökt är 1977, 1987, 1997 och 2007. Undersökningsmaterialet är 182 förstasidor som är väl utspridda under de fyra åren. Vi har använt oss av en syntetisk vecka där man till exempel undersöker måndagen från en vecka, tisdagen veckan därpå osv. Vår främsta utgångspunkt har varit Marina Ghersettis forskning om den alltmer utbredda sensationsjournalistiken samt andra teoretiker som forskar inom samma område. Den kvantitativa studien visade att brott förekommer mest som huvudnyhet på förstasidorna samt att det förekommer mer nyheter om kändisar än vad det gjorde för 30 år sedan. Den vanligaste huvudaktören är den ”vanliga människan” och huvudnyhetens ursprung och källa är oftast från Sverige. Den kvalitativa analysen pekade ut att det har skett en förändring på tidningarnas förstasidor. Bilderna har blivit mindre i storlek men fler samt att reklam på tidningarna förekommer i allt högre utsträckning nu än för 30 år sedan. Undersökningen visade också att tidningarnas förstasidor liknade varandra mer utseendemässigt för varje år som gick. / The purpose of this study is to compare the front pages of Aftonbladet and Expressen in four different years within a period of 30 years to see what changes have been done. We have also examined the development of the media over time. Our examined years are 1977, 1987, 1997 and 2007. The material of examination consists of 182 front pages which are well spread over the four years. We have employed a so called synthetic week, meaning that you examine Monday one week, Tuesday the following week, and so forth. Our main starting point has been the research of Marina Chersetti about the increasingly widespread journalism of sensation, as well as other theorists carrying out research within the same area. The quantitative study showed that crimes are the most frequently occurring head news on the front pages and that there are more news about celebrities today than 30 years ago. The most common main figure is the “ordinary individual” and the origin of the head news, as well as the source, is mostly Swedish. The qualitative analysis pointed out that the front pages have changed. The pictures have become smaller but more numerous, and compared to 30 years ago, advertising occur to a greater extent today. The study also showed that the front pages became more similar in appearance every year.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Communication

I denna uppsats analyseras tio stycken förstasidor av nyhetstidningarna Dagens Nyheter samt Aftonbladet med syftet att undersöka hur och med vilka visuella uttryck terrorattacken på Drottninggatan 2017 visualiserades. Resultatet av en semiotisk analys av nyhetstidningarna Dagens Nyheter samt Aftonbladets förstasidors visualisering av terrorattacken på Drottninggatan 2017 visar på att journalisterna som rapporterade använde sig gärna av argument som spelade på läsarnas känslor. Stora bilder som gärna väcker känslor präglade förstasidorna dagen efter terrordådet. Bilderna i sig innehöll visuella element som visade på att de förhöll sig till en retorisk strategi vid rapporteringen. Tidigare studier har främst fokuserat på hur nyhetsmedia har ramat in händelsen, med hjälp av den semiotiska analysen kan djupare mening och förståelse nås för hur och på vilket sätt nyhetsmedia visualiserade terrorattacken. / In this essay, 10 front pages of the newspapers Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet are analysed with the aim of examining how and with what visual expression the terrorist attack on Drottninggatan 2017 was visualised. The results of a semiotic analysis of the newspapers Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet's front page visualisation of the terrorist attack on Drottninggatan 2017 show that the journalists who reported used arguments that alluding to readers' feelings. Large images that like to evoke emotions marked the front pages the day after the terrorist attack. The images themselves contained visual elements that showed that they related to a rhetorical strategy when reporting. Previous studies have mainly focused on how the news media has framed the incident, with the help of the semiotic analysis, a deeper meaning and understanding can be reached for how and in what way the news media visualised the terrorist attack.

The refugee crisis is an ongoing challenge for the European Union. Refugees from the Middle East, the majority of them Syrians, are risking their own and their children’s lives, putting their money –both figuratively and literally speaking- on the chance of surviving the almost six-year long war in Syria.The brutal death of thousands of refugees in the Aegean Sea’s waters was the reason why the EU mechanisms have started to mobilize seeking a solution. The ‘problem’ was not possible to be hidden under the carpet anymore. It was reaching the highly developed Europe’s doorstep.The media coverage of the crisis has started to emerge in a greater extent throughout 2015, as a result of the ‘explosive’ increase of the refugee flows. In the beginning it was just a synthesis of innumerous personal tragedies, before it became an official European ‘problem’.If we ‘leap’ through time and refer on today, we can observe that the massive death toll in the Mediterranean was only the starting point of a vicious circle, which is strongly related with developmental, political and communication issues.Through this thesis my goal was to examine how four European newspapers (which represent both Europe’s North and South) have reported on the biggest humanitarian crisis in Europe since the World War II. What strikes me as a very interesting aspect is that the refugees, as representatives of the developing countries have come in the territory of the European developed countries. Therefore I believe that there is space for a wide development dialogue and I would like to examine at what point the media seized this opportunity to reflect on development issues, through their cover stories.I have performed a combination of quantitative/qualitative methods of analysis. A full scale content analysis of 85 articles has been performed as the quantitative part and this was my primary research method. My secondary method of analysis was about the visual elements used by the newspapers and I have relied on semiotics to examine 141 photographs.

El setembre de l'any 1998 les formacions nacionalistes basques van firmar un pacte que pretenia traçar una via de solució al conflicte polític que viu Euskadi, pocs dies després ETA anunciava una treva. Durant aquell període de treva hi va haver diferents passos, entre elles negociacions entre ETA i el govern espanyol. Al final les coses es van torçar i a finals de l'any 1999 ETA va anunciar la fi de la treva. En aquest treball s'analitza com van tractar aquell període els diaris de difusió general a Catalunya, comparant-ho amb els diaris de la resta de l'Estat i d'Euskadi, estudiats en un projecte d'investigació. L'anàlisi de continguts està basat en portades i editorials i està complementat amb un marc teòric, contextual i metodològic. / En septiembre del año 1998 las fuerzas nacionalistas vascas firmaron un pacto que pretendía trazar una vía de solución al conflicto político que vive Euskadi, pocos días después ETA anunció una tregua. Durante aquel periodo de tregua hubo diferentes pasos, entre ellos negociaciones entre ETA y el gobierno español, pero a finales del año 1999 ETA anunció el fin de la tregua. En este trabajo se analiza como trataron aquel periodo los diarios de difusión general en Catalunya, comparándolo con el de los diarios del resto del Estado y de Euskadi, estudiados en uno proyecto de investigación. El análisis de contenidos se basa en portadas y editoriales y está complementado con un marco teórico, contextual y metodológico. / In September 1998 the Basque nationalistic forces signed an agreement trying to clear a way on the politic conflict in Euskadi. Few days later ETA announced a truce. During that period of truce there were different stages, such as negotiations between Spanish Government and ETA. But at the end of 1999 ETA announced the end of the truce. In this work it is analyzed how the newspapers in Catalonia treated that period, comparing with the newspapers of the rest of the State and of Euskadi, wich were studied in one project of investigation. This analysis of contents is based on some front pages and editorials and is complemented with a theoretical, contextual and methodological frame.