Aujourd’hui, il existe très peu de nouveaux produits écoconçus (NPE) mis sur le marché par les PME du Québec et les réussites commerciales sont encore plus rares. Dans ce contexte, il semble pertinent de se pencher sur la manière dont le processus d’écoconception pourrait être à la fois mieux et plus utilisé dans les PME québécoises en étudiant spécifiquement la réception des NPE auprès des détaillants pendant la commercialisation. La question à laquelle se propose de répondre ce mémoire est la suivante : comment un produit conçu selon une approche cycle de vie est-il reçu par le réseau de détaillants d’une PME? Aussi, cette recherche explore le rôle du designer, qui normalement s’achève au début de la commercialisation, que pourrait jouer durant cette phase afin de favoriser la réception positive d’un NPE. Cette recherche s’appuie sur une étude de cas de la première phase de commercialisation d’un meuble de salle de bain écoconçu par une PME manufacturière québécoise en 2010 et 2011. La chercheuse a observé la réception d’un NPE, c’est-à-dire la perception et l’appréciation de celui-ci, par des personnes œuvrant dans une PME de fabrication d’ameublement de salle de bain et par ceux qui agissent dans son réseau de distribution. Nous avons relevé que la compréhension des notions liées à l’écoconception est un enjeu important dans la réception d’un NPE. C'est pourquoi la formation des détaillants et l’éducation des consommateurs deviennent essentielles pour la réception positive d’un NPE. Dans cette perspective, le designer pourrait intervenir durant la commercialisation. / There are still very few new eco-designed products (NEP) commercialized by SMEs and commercial successes are even more rare in Quebec. In this context, this study examines how the eco-design process could be integrated more easily with people working in SMEs in Quebec, specifically studying the retailer’s reception of NEP during the commercialization. Therefore, a major question from this dissertation in learning research is: how a product designed according to the life cycle approach is received by the SMEs’ network of retailers? Also, our research explores how the role of designer, which normally ends at the beginning of the commercialization, could evolve during this phase to help receive a NEP. This case study, examines the first phase of the commercialization of bathroom furniture eco-designed by a Quebec manufacturing SME in 2010 and 2011. The researcher observed the reception of a NEP, which in summary translates in the perception and appreciation of NEP. These observations were lead with people working in an SME manufacturing bathroom furniture and with people working in his network of retailers. It was observed that the understanding of the notion of eco-design is an important issue in the reception of a NEP. For this reason, the training of the retailers and the education of the consumers are an essential part for the positive reception of a NEP. Also, because of his/her knowledge of eco-design, the designer could become a major contributor during the phase of commercialization.

In this degree project I’m designing furniture for the human scale in the public space. More specifically for parks and squares in the city. As I am defining the human scale I am inspired by two main sources; the documentary Alive inside(2014) och Peter Gärdenfors Tankens vindlar(2005). The most important part of this definition is its inner logic, the idea that the human scale consists of two parts, that it is  in size close to mine  in spirit  personal. The first part determines proportion as related to the human body and the other describes the form essens. Through the workshop I gather the relevant data that gives form to the spirit, that is personal. In the workshop held with six elderly people in a home in the suburbs of Uppsala, we sat down and listened to music and worked with clay for one hour. The hand made clay sculptures are scanned and so digitalised and available for digital fabrication. This method of working with the design and production is also an attempt to work towards industrial production. So to make the design available for the city by avoiding high cost production. The data have been adjusted using Meshmixer and then realised physically through a collaboration with Scania and their large scale 5-axis CNC machine. The result is two pieces of furniture; one bench and one platform. In this first section of the report, under the title Contextualising and investigative discussion, I will describe to you why this project is important. Important to us, as people living our lives in the evolving city, creating a social standard or a social tradition together in the public space. In the next section, under the title Method of Work, I’ll go in to more extended detail describing separate parts of the design process as I’ll go through the practical aspects. In the third section, under the title The Concept and Implementing, I will sum up my initial thoughts in relation to the new information the project have generated.

Ústav pro dějiny umění Diplomová práce Dana Christianová Relations of Fine Art and Design in interwar Czechoslovakia Abstract (in English) The work deals with relations of Fine Arts and Design in the context of the First Republic, when marked a fundamental transformation not only in art in general, but just in handicraft and design. This work demonstrates changes that have occurred in the perception, classification and finally democratization of design, by the example of textile art and personality of Marie Teinitzerová, who was at the interface of fine art, handicraft and design and significantly contributed to the promotion of new aesthetic values in all of these areas.

The transit shelter, the space where riders make the transition from open space to more controlled buses and trains, is in many cases the site of a public-private transaction. Here, government agencies contract private companies to build and maintain shelters in exchange for governmental allowance of advertising in these locations. This dual purpose—the shelter serves concurrently as protection for transit users and as a moneymaker—means the space is contested, with economic and social needs often at odds. Bus shelter advertising contracts (BSACs), increasingly operated by large corporations, have resulted in widespread networks of bus shelters; observing these renders processes of globalization—generally not visible at the street level—more legible. Drawing from case studies of Lyon, France, and Los Angeles and New Orleans, United States, this thesis describes successes and failures both in the implementation of bus shelter contracts and in the provision of public amenities via shelters.

In 2018 IKEA Industry, the largest producer of wood-based furniture for IKEA customers presented their sustainability strategy for Financial Year 2025. In Health & Safety, they want to minimize ergonomic risks at their factories. To be able to understand what risks the factories contain, the first step is a common ergonomic risk assessment methodology. Because of a lack of knowledge in ergonomics at IKEA Industry, the responsibility was laid on this master thesis project. This project has with the help of interviews, surveys and observations found what needs the factories have in ergonomic risk assessment. A literature review also found things that the factories should have but haven´t asked for. Using benchmarking, several common methods used on the market has been summarized and analyzed by the requirements. Three methods, KIM, RAMP and HARM were chosen to be tested by the factories. In a user test, it was clear that KIM was easiest to use. HARM was eliminated because of the lack of evaluating lifting and pushing movements. To choose between KIM and RAMP they were evaluated in terms of the requirements. The results showed that KIM was the best method for IKEA Industry factories. At some places RAMP had good assessment methods. In order to not ignore these, they have been implemented into KIM to make it suit the factories even better. The result ended up in a document called Global standard of ergonomic risk assessment. The method is divided into three different methods depending on if you have lifting/ carrying work, pushing work or repetitive work. The results are then summarized in a chart that shows what needs to be investigated. This project has also with the help of the literature and the analysis of the factory, decided which roles that will participate in the assessment. The suggestions are manager, ergonomist and a production co-worker. With the help of this method, the factories will be able to understand what ergonomic risks they have. They will only need to evaluate the work tasks with the help of this method and will then be presented all high, medium or low ergonomic risks in the factories to minimize these before FY2025. / 2018 presenterade IKEA Industry, världens största möbeltillverkare, deras hållbarhetsstrategi inför finansiella året 2025. Inom Hälsa & säkerhet vill dem minska sina ergonomiska risker på fabrikerna. För att förstå vilka risker som finns har dem kommit fram till att skapa en bedömningsmetod som är gemensam bland fabrikerna. Då företaget har en brist i kunskap inom ergonomi har företaget valt att lägga över ansvaret på detta exjobb. Detta projekt har med hjälp av intervjuer, enkäter och observationer kommit fram till vad för behov fabrikerna har vad gäller ergonomisk riskbedömning. Med litteratur har även andra behov hittats som anses behövs men fabrikerna har inte insett behovet. För att hitta metoder har det genomförts en benchmarking där flera av de mest vanliga och erkända ergonomiska riskbedömningsmetoder har sammanfattats. Dessa metoder har sedan analyserats med hjälp av behoven och KIM, RAMP och HARM blev utvalda. Dessa har sedan testats av fabrikerna med hjälp av ett användartest. Resultatet visade på att KIM var enklast att användas. HARM valdes även bort på grund av dess brist i bedömning av lyft och drag. För att kunna välja vilken metod som passar IKEA Industry bäst bedömdes KIM och RAMP med avseende på de olika krav som sattes upp. Här visade det sig att KIM var den mest lämpade metoden för IKEA Industry. Då KIM ibland hade brister i bedömningen som RAMP var bättre på valdes det att lägga in vissa delar från RAMP för att komplettera KIM. Resultatet blev ett dokument vid namn ”Global standard inom ergonomisk riskbedömning”. Metoden är uppdelad i tre olika metoder beroende på om lyftarbete, drag/skjutande arbete eller repetitivt arbete skall bedömas. Resultaten är sedan sammanfattade i en tabell som visar vilka områden som behövs undersökas. Projektet har även med hjälp av teori och analys av fabrikerna kommit fram till vilka roller som skall deltaga i ett bedömningsarbete. Förslaget blev slutligen, ansvarig chef, ergonom och en produktionsarbetare. Med hjälp av denna metod skall fabrikerna kunna förstå vad för risker dem har i fabrikerna. Dem kommer endast behöva använda dokumentet, utvärdera och sedan få information om alla höga, medium och låga risker för att minimera dessa innan FY2025.

In this thesis and in my graduation project, I am taking a closer look at the word temporary. It is an investigation in the transition between the two states: temporary and permanent. I am using the contrasting state permanent as an anti-pole to get perspective and to have a fair comparison. I want to give the state of temporarily a shape or a face and to define time through the material and design, like a time capsule. As an interior architect I am questioning the usage of the temporary in the architectural and giving it attention by using architecture, furniture, states and materials as my framework.

My study challenges the status quo that seems to exist in the design of modern apartments, which is heavily influenced by the modernistic movement that flourished in early 20th century. Modernists strived to create a just and equal society, by challenging the social order and the traditional hierarchical system. The architecture of the time reflected these ideals and ultimately resulted in simplistic and repetitive designs that often formed box like interiors with standardised furniture. Consequently, these designs are detached from the individualism of the inhabitants, forcing people to sit, sleep, dine and socialise in a predefined space in a prescribed manner. My project is an artistic intervention to the BOX - the soulless interior of modern apartments. My aim is to explore and imagine alternative ways of existing within the box and push the boundaries of how we conduct daily activities in the living space.

O problema de planejamento da produção integrado ao problema de corte de estoque surge em várias indústrias de manufatura, tais como indústria de papel, móveis, aço entre outras, e consiste em um problema de otimização combinatória bastante complexo, devido ao fato de integrar dois problemas conhecidos na literatura de difícil resolução. As aplicações práticas deste problema vêm aumentando em muitas empresas que buscam tornar seus processos produtivos mais eficientes. Neste trabalho, estudamos o problema de otimização integrado que surge em pequenas indústrias de móveis, em que placas de MDF disponíveis em estoque devem ser cortadas em itens menores, de diversos tamanhos e quantidades para comporem os produtos demandados. O modelo matemático de otimização linear inteiro proposto permite que alguns produtos sejam antecipados e estocados. Essa antecipação da produção aumenta os custos de estoque, porém com o aumento da demanda de peças é possível gerar padrões de corte melhores e diminuir os custos com a perda de material. Consideramos no modelo dois tipos de variáveis de antecipação, uma de estoque convencional para atender uma demanda em carteira e outra para aproveitar a produção e atender uma demanda prevista, chamada variável oportunista. A função objetivo consiste em minimizar os custos dos processos de produção e de corte. Para resolver a relaxação linear deste problema, propomos um método lagrangiano e utilizamos a estratégia de horizonte rolante. Alguns testes computacionais são realizados e os resultados apresentados / The integrated problem of cutting stock and production planning arises in a several manufacturing industries, such as paper, furniture, steel among others, and it is a complex combinatorial optimization problem, due to the fact that it integrates two well-known NP problems of the literature. The real world applications of this problem have increased in many industries that search for more efficient production process. In this work, we studied an integrated optimization problem that arises in small furniture industries, where MDF boards available in inventory must be cut into enough quantities of items to compose demanded finish-goods. The model of integer linear optimization proposed allows anticipating some products and keeping them in inventory. This production anticipation makes increase the inventory costs, although makes it possible to determine better cutting patterns and decreases the costs of the cutting process. We consider in the model two types of anticipation variables, the first one to the ordinary inventory to meet ordered products and an other one, called chance variables, to meet a forecasting demand. The objective function is to minimize the costs of production process and waste of material. To solve a linear relaxation of this problem, we proposed lagrangian approach and used a rolling horizon strategy. Some computational tests are performed and results shown

Trata da obra do arquiteto italiano Giancarlo Palanti na Itália e no Brasil, resgatando sua trajetória, inserção e atuação no ambiente arquitetônico italiano do entre-guerras e brasileiro do final da década de 40 até meados da década de 70, localizando ainda sua importância e papel dentro de uma história da arquitetura moderna nestes dois países. Contribui também para a pesquisa dos arquitetos imigrantes, especialmente do período ligado aos acontecimentos da segunda guerra mundial e da investigação do trânsito das idéias entre Itália e Brasil. O trabalho identifica contribuições e especificidades na obra de Palanti em várias frentes: no desenho industrial, na arquitetura e no urbanismo, e numa produção marcada pelo trabalho em equipe. / This text deals about the work of italian architect Giancarlo Palanti in Italy and Brazil, gathering his paths, insertion and acting among italian between-wars and brazilian late forties to early seventies architectonical environment, also placing his importance into these countries\' modern architecture history. It is also important for the research on immigrant architects - mainly those related to post-war events - and for the investigation of cultural exchange between Italy and Brazil. It also identifies Giancarlo Palanti´s contributions and specificities on several aspects: industrial design, architecture and urbanism, and a career marked by team-made designs.

O planejamento da produção em indústrias moveleiras de pequeno porte é comumente constituído por decisões referentes ao volume de produção e à política de estoque, com o objetivo de minimizar o desperdício de material, os atrasos e as horas-extras utilizadas ao longo do horizonte de planejamento. Administrar tais decisões de uma maneira tratável e eficiente é, em geral, um desafio, especialmente considerando a natureza incerta dos dados. Nessa tese, são desenvolvidos modelos de otimização para apoiar tais decisões no contexto do problema combinado de dimensionamento de lotes e corte de estoque sob incertezas que surge em indústrias moveleiras. Para lidar com as incertezas dos dados, são investigadas duas metodologias: programação estocástica e otimização robusta. Dessa maneira, são propostos modelos de programação estocástica de dois estágios com recurso, assim como modelos estocásticos robustos que incorporam aversão ao risco. A motivação em também desenvolver modelos baseados em otimização robusta é considerar casos práticos em que não há uma descrição probabilística explícita dos dados de entrada, assim como evitar trabalhar com numerosos cenários, o que pode tornar o modelo estocástico computacionalmente intratável. Os experimentos numéricos baseados em exemplares reais de uma empresa moveleira de pequeno porte mostram que as soluções obtidas pelos modelos de programação estocástica fornecem planos de produção robustos e que o (a) decisor (a) pode designar suas preferências em relação ao risco aos modelos, assim como controlar o tradeoff entre o custo total esperado e a robustez da solução. Em relação aos resultados dos modelos de otimização robusta, são obtidos alguns insights entre os chamados budgets de incerteza, as taxas de atendimento da demanda e os valores ótimos. Além disso, evidências numéricas indicam que budgets de incerteza menos conservadores resultam em níveis de serviço razoáveis com baixos custos globais, enquanto a abordagem de pior caso gera, relativamente, boas taxas de atendimento da demanda, mas com custos globais elevados / Production planning procedures in small-size furniture companies commonly consist of decisions with respect to production level and inventory policy, while attempting to minimize trim-loss, backlogging and overtime usage throughout the planning horizon. Managing these decisions in a tractable and efficient way is often a challenge, especially when the uncertainty of data is taken into account. In this thesis, we develop optimization models to support these decisions in the context of the combined lot-sizing and cutting-stock problem that arises in furniture companies. To deal with data uncertainty, we investigate two methodologies: stochastic programming and robust optimization. In the former case, we propose two-stage stochastic programming models with recourse, as well as robust stochastic models to incorporate risk-aversion. In the latter case, our motivation to investigate robust optimization models is the lack of an explicit probabilistic description of the input data. Furthermore, we want to avoid dealing with a large number of scenarios, which typically lead to computationally intractable stochastic programming models. Numerical experiments based on real data from a small-size furniture plant show that the solutions of the stochastic programming models provide robust production plans so that the decision-maker can assign his or her risk preferences to the model and control the tradeoff between the expected total cost and solution robustness. Regarding the results from the robust optimization models, we provide some insights into the relationship among budgets of uncertainty, fill rates and optimal values. Moreover, numerical evidence indicate that less conservative budgets of uncertainty result in reasonable service levels with cheaper global costs, while worst case deterministic approaches lead to relatively good fill rates, but with prohibitive global costs