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Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur behandlare inom spelmissbruk beaktar hjälpsökandes behov, upplever verksamhetens behandling och förutsättningar att hjälpa, samt vilka hinder och möjligheter som finns i behandlarens arbete. De teoretiska begrepp som användes i analysen var stigma, handlingsutrymme, behandlingsidealet, samverkan och behandlingstankar. I studien användes en kvalitativ forskningsansats där data insamlades genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studiens intervjupersoner bestod av sex behandlare som arbetar med spelmissbruk. Behandlarna är verksamma inom verksamheter som drivs av kommunen och regionen. Studiens resultat visade att kartläggning är en förutsättning för att kunna beakta den hjälpsökandes behov. Vidare framkom att det ofta finns skam- och skuldkänslor hos individer med spelmissbruk, vilket kan påverka behandlingsarbetet. Studien visade även att de flesta behandlarna upplevde en frihet vid utformningen av behandlingen trots att det fanns riktlinjer att följa. Behandlarna upplevde att de har adekvata behandlingsmetoder mot spelmissbruk. Dessutom visade studien att samverkan kan bidra till att beakta hjälpsökandes behov. Ytterligare resultat i studien visade att spelreklam och tillgängligheten till spel beskrivs som hinder i behandlingsarbetet. Studien visade även att det är vanligt att spelmissbrukare döljer sitt missbruk och undviker att söka hjälp, vilket kan medföra hinder i behandlingsarbetet. / The purpose of the study was to investigate how counselors in the field of gambling addiction consider the needs of help seekers, experience the organization's treatment and conditions for helping, and what obstacles and opportunities exist in the counselor’s work. The theoretical concepts used in the analysis were stigma, room for maneuver, the treatment ideal, collaboration and treatment thoughts. The study used a qualitative research approach where data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The study's interviewees consisted of six counselors who work with gambling addiction. The counselors are working in organizations run by the municipality and the region. The results of the study showed that mapping is a prerequisite for considering the needs of the person seeking help. Furthermore, it emerged that there are often feelings of shame and guilt among individuals with gambling addiction, which can affect the treatment work. The study also showed that most of the counselors experienced freedom in the design of the treatment, even though there were guidelines to follow. The counselors felt that they have adequate treatment methods for gambling addiction. In addition, the study showed that collaboration can be helpful to take into account the needs of those seeking help. Further results in the study showed that gambling advertising and the availability of gambling are described as obstacles in the treatment work. The study also showed that it is common for gambling addicts to conceal their addiction and avoid seeking help, which can cause obstacles in the treatment work.

Gamification kan enklast beskrivas som tillämpningen av speldesignselement i en kontext orelaterad till spel. Gamification-mekaniker används inom nätkasinobranschen som ett medel för att engagera slutanvändarna och skapa interaktion mellan användaren och systemet. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur spelmekanikerna inom nätkasinobranschen kan användas utan att vara motstridig till svensk lagstiftning, samt vilka konsekvenser som appliceringen skulle kunna få på användarnas upplevelse. Metoderna för studien var litteraturgenomgång och en fallstudie. Resultatet tyder på att det finns spelmekaniker som inte bryter mot svensk lagstiftning, till exempelvis erfarenhets- och inlösningsbara poäng. Avslutningsvis presenteras förslag på hur de identifierade spelmekanikerna som går emot svensk lagstiftning kan användas och vilka åtgärder spelföretag kan ta för att minimera risker för att spelare, genom diverse spelmekaniker, utvecklar riskfaktorer för problemspelande.

Title: Taxation of gambling operators The aim of this thesis is to introduce the system of the taxation of gambling operators currently applicable in the Czech republic together with the proposed bill on the gambling and the proposed bill on the taxation of gambling. At the beginning of the first chapter the thesis discusses the social costs of gambling addiction being a current social issue and its possible solutions from the viewpoint of law. Further parts of the chapter subsequently deal with the european legislation on public regulation of gambling, institutes of the Act on lotteries on other similar games as the primary piece of gambling legislation and their relation to the Civil Code. The subchapter regarding the right of municipalities to regulate some of the types of gambling by the means of municipal ordinances follows, including the question of an assesment of the said issue by the Constitutional Court. The last part of the first chapter contains detailed analysis of the proposed bill on the gambling, including comparation of some of its institutes with the current legislation and their partial assesment. The second chapter focuses on the actual system of legal regulation of the taxation of gambling operators, analyses the types of financial duties imposed on the operators and does not...

Introduktion: Idag har omkring 340 000 personer i Sverige någon grad av spelproblem, vilket är drygt 4 procent av befolkningen mellan 16–87 år. Cirka 165 000 personer delar hushåll med någon som har ett problemspelande och 68 000 utav dem är barn. Spelproblem ger stora samhällskostnader och den beräknade kostnaden är cirka 14 miljarder kronor per år. Syfte: Att undersöka uppfattningar bland yrkesprofessionella spelberoendebehandlare om sitt nuvarande och framtida arbete och arbetssätt, dess vinster och begränsningar i förhållande till digitaliseringen. Metod: Kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studiepopulationen bestod av sju yrkesprofessionella spelberoendebehandlare. Intervjumaterialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Majoriteten av spelberoendebehandlarna anser att digitalt stöd är ett bra hälsofrämjande komplement till de fysiska behandlingsmetoderna som finns idag. Med digitalbehandling behövs ingen restid, resväg eller transportmedel. De negativa aspekterna som framkom är att vissa klienter inte har råd eller tillgång till fungerande internetuppkoppling eller att kunskap saknas. Det finns även flertal frågetecken kring KBT som behandlingsmetod. Slutsats: Digital kompetens kommer sannolikt bli en av framtidens stora konkurrensfördelar då de digitala behoven ökar. Spelberoendebehandlarna kommer att behöva utveckla sin digitala kompetens, arbetssätt, lära sig att använda nya redskap och tjänster inom digital behandling. Spelberoendebehandlarna önskar också en kunskapsutveckling gällande spelberoende och spelmissbruk i samhället, både för vuxna,barn och ungdomar. / Introduction: Today, around 340,000 people in Sweden have some degree of gambling problem, which is just over 4 percent of the population between ages 16 to 87. About 165,000 people share their household with someone who has a problem with gambling and 68,000 of them are children. Gambling problems results in large costs for the society. The estimated cost is approximately 14 billion SEK per year. Aim: To examine gambling therapists perceptions and attitudes regarding their current and future work and working methods. And also it´s benefits and limitations in relation to digitalisation. Methods: Qualitative study with semi-structured interviews. The study population consisted of seven gambling therapists. The interview material was analysed with qualitative content analysis. Results: The majority of therapists believe that digital support is a good health promotion complement to the psysical treatment methods that exist today. With digital processing, no travel time, travel or means of transport are needed. The negative aspects that emerged are that some clients cannot afford or doesn’t have access to a functioning internet connection or that knowledge is lacking. There are also several questions about cognitive behavioral therapy as a treatment method. Conclusion: Digital competence is likely to be one of the great competitive advantages of the future as digital need increase. Therapists in gambling addiction will need to develop their digital skills, working methods and learn to use new tools and services in digital treatment. The therapists also want knowledge development regarding gambling addiction in society, both for adults, children and teenagers.

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Thesis (MEdPsych)-- Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Adolescent gambling is regarded as one of the relatively new areas of interest within the wider field of adolescent risk behaviour, with international research highlighting the rise in popularity of various gambling games and the associated behavioural, emotional, academic, interpersonal and psychological outcomes that have been linked to adolescent gambling. These trends raise concern with regard to the youth in South Africa, as the overall risk profile of risk behaviours among South African adolescents is comparable to the risk profiles of youths around the globe. Research in the field of adolescent gambling is still in its infancy in South Africa and additional literature is necessary to curb possible problems in this area. The methodology of this study can be described as basic exploratory qualitative research. The study was conducted within the interpretive paradigm and was also informed by ecosystemic theory. Purposive sampling was used to select twenty-six adolescent learners who were enrolled at a single, private, all boys' school in the Western Cape. The methods of data collection included semi-structured focus group and individual interviews. The method of analysis employed to analyse the research data was qualitative content analysis. The research findings from the study indicated that the participants had a clear understanding of the concept of gambling, the associated activities and possible risks linked to gambling, as well as the various motives for participating in gambling activities. Congruent with international findings, the popularity of poker was acknowledged, with a number of adolescents discussing their awareness of their peers' participation in this gambling activity. Whilst financial reward was recognised as a possible outcome of gambling, the majority of the participants regarded social reward and entertainment as some of the key motivating factors for participation in gambling during adolescence. While acknowledging the role of skill in games such as poker, the majority of the participants were still of the opinion that the outcome was largely unpredictable. In addition, the following factors were identified as playing a fundamental role in shaping their perceptions of gambling: media, family, peers, school, religion, personality and personal experiences. Keywords: Adolescence, Perception, Gambling, Pathological Gambling, Problem Gambling, Risk Behaviour, Ecosystemic Theory. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Adolessente dobbelary word gesien as een van die nuwer belangstellingsvelde binne die breër gebied van navorsing oor riskante gedrag onder adolessente, met internasionale navorsing wat toegespits word op die toename in die gewildheid van verskeie dobbelspeletjies en die daarmee gepaardgaande gedrags-, emosionele, akademiese, interpersoonlike en psigologiese uitkomste wat met adolessente dobbelary verbind word. Hierdie tendens wek kommer ten opsigte van die jeug in Suid-Afrika daar die algehele risikoprofiel van riskante gedrag onder Suid-Afrikaanse adolessente vergelykbaar is met die risikoprofiel van jeugdiges reg rondom die wêreld. Navorsing op die gebied van adolessente dobbelary in Suid-Afrika is nog in 'n beginstadium en daar is 'n behoefte aan bykomende literatuur om moontlike probleme binne hierdie gebied te beperk. Die metodologie wat vir hierdie studie gevolg is, kan as basiese verkennende kwalitatiewe navorsing beskryf word. Die studie is teen die agtergrond van die interpretiwistiese paradigma onderneem en is ook toegelig deur die ekosistemiese teorie. Doelbewuste steekproefneming is uitgevoer om ses-en-twintig adolessente leerders uit 'n enkele private seunskool in die Wes-Kaap te selekteer. Data is deur middel van semi-gestruktureerde fokusgroep- en indiwiduele onderhoude ingesamel. Die ontleding van die navorsingsdata is met behulp van kwalitatiewe inhoudsanalise uitgevoer. Die bevindings uit die studie het getoon dat die deelnemers 'n duidelike begrip van die dobbelarykonsep, die gepaardgaande aktiwiteite en die moontlike risiko verbonde aan dobbelary gehad het, asook van die onderskeie motiewe vir deelname aan dobbelaktiwiteite. Die gewildheid van die pokerspel is ooreenstemmend met internasionale bevindings bevestig deur middel van 'n gesprek met 'n aantal adolessente oor hul bewustheid van hul portuurgroep se deelname aan hierdie dobbelaktiwiteit. Terwyl die moontlike uitkoms van finansiële wins by dobbelary erken is, het die meerderheid deelnemers die sosiale bate en vermaak as onder die vernaamste motiveringsfaktore vir deelname aan dobbelary gedurende adolessensie beskou. Die rol van vaardigheid in 'n spel soos poker is erken, maar die meerderheid deelnemers het die opinie gehandhaaf dat die resultaat grootliks onvoorspelbaar is. Daarbenewens is die media, gesin, portuurgroep, skool, geloof, persoonlikheid en persoonlike ervarings as grondliggende faktore tot die vorming van persepsies oor dobbelary beskou.

published_or_final_version / Urban Studies / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Les prises de décision ainsi que l'addiction sont influencées par une combinaison de trois types de facteurs: la situation, l'objet et les différences individuelles (Appelt, Milch, Handgraaf, & Weber, 2011; Bonnaire, 2009; Einhorn, 1970; Griffiths, 2003). Chacun de ces facteurs correspond à un chapitre de cette thèse. Dans le Chapitre 1, l'influence de la situation est examinée à travers l'influence du Contexte Social. L'influence du Contexte Social est étudiée à travers la Simple Présence d'une Audience ainsi qu'avec la présence d'un Climat de Compétition. Dans le Chapitre 2, l'influence de l'objet est examinée à travers l'effet de la connaissance de l'objet : les comportements de prise de risque sont étudiés quand les participants sont confrontés à un jeu qu'ils connaissent et quand ils sont confrontés à un jeu qu'ils ne connaissent pas. Dans le Chapitre 3, l'influence de différences individuelles est examinée à travers l'effet de l'estime de soi sur la prise de risque. Deux mesures d'estime de soi sont utilisées : la première est une mesure générale d'Estime de Soi alors que la seconde est une mesure composée de deux dimensions : la dimension Valeur et la dimension Compétence. La théorie des Représentations sociales sous-tend qu'il y a une relation entre les Représentations Sociales et les comportements. Le Chapitre 4 examine la Représentation Sociale du risque dans un contexte de jeu à l'aide de deux études. La première étude est réalisée via la procédure de l'association libre et la seconde étude est composée d'entretiens auprès de joueurs sains et de joueurs pathologiques. / Decision-making, as well as addiction, are influence by a combination of three sets of factors: the situation, the object and individual differences (Appelt, Milch, Handgraaf, & Weber, 2011; Bonnaire, 2009; Einhorn, 1970; Griffiths, 2003). Each of these factors corresponds to a chapter of this thesis. In Chapter 1, the influence of the situation is investigated through the effect of Social Context. The influence of the Social Context is studied through, the Mere Presence of an Audience and through the presence of a Competitive Climate. In Chapter 2, the influence of the object is investigated through the effect of the knowledge of the object: risk-taking behavior is studied when participants are confronted to a known game and when they are confronted to an unknown game. In Chapter 3, the influence of individual differences is investigated through the effect of Self-Esteem on risk-taking behaviors. Two measures of Self-Esteem are used: the first one is a general measure of Self-Esteem while the second one is composed of two dimensions distinguishing Self-Liking and Self-Competence. The Social Representation Theory describes a relation between Social Representation and behavior. In this line, Chapter 4 investigates the Social Representation of risk in a gambling context with two studies. The first study is done via free association tasks and the second study is based on interviews with both gamblers who have gambling disorders and gamblers who do not have gambling disorder.

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