工業補貼為政府資金運作，使工業產品生產、銷售，具外部規模經濟效果 ，而使生產者受益，稱之。本文旨在研究工業補貼一題，在當前產業結構 下，其有效保護的政策基礎立論點，並就其國外法規，加以分析，兼介紹 現今我國工業補貼實行現況，最後，做工業補貼政策之檢視。本文寫作時 點於GATT始完成烏拉圭回合談判(1994/12/15)後數月，因國人對工業補貼 政策不熟悉，使政府許多政策的推廣不利，又加入GATT後，工業補貼政策 使用的可行性，較之關稅等其他工具為大，故做工業補貼問題與GATT相關 規定之研究，使業者與民眾，對入關後該部分之衝擊及未來的可能影響， 有全面性的了解。

This essay analyse the anti-dumping policy of the European Union, with specific focus on the anti-dumping tariff imposed on imports of ertain footwear from the People’s Republic of China from 1997 to 2002. Even though free trade is expected from the members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) there are certain exceptions. One is when there is a suspicion that goods are being dumped in a foreign market, i.e. the exporter sells the product at a lower price in the foreign market than in its home market. Article VI in GATT regulates this together with the Anti-dumping Agreement. In 1997 EU imposed an anti-dumping measure on certain footwear imported from the People’s Republic of China. This measure was in effect until 2002 (the maximum time for an anti-dumping tariff is five years). We expect to see a decrease of footwear exports from the People’s Republic of China to the European Union during this period. By using a log-linear regression analysis we can see that the EU imports of Chinese footwear did indeed decrease from its trend otherwise during 1997 to 2002. Since the industry overall increased its sales during the same period, we draw the conclusion that the tariff was the reason for the decreased imports.

<p>This essay analyse the anti-dumping policy of the European Union, with specific focus on the anti-dumping tariff imposed on imports of ertain footwear from the People’s Republic of China from 1997 to 2002.</p><p>Even though free trade is expected from the members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) there are certain exceptions. One is when there is a suspicion that goods are being dumped in a foreign market, i.e. the exporter sells the product at a lower price in the foreign market than in its home market. Article VI in GATT regulates this together with the Anti-dumping Agreement.</p><p>In 1997 EU imposed an anti-dumping measure on certain footwear imported from the People’s Republic of China. This measure was in effect until 2002 (the maximum time for an anti-dumping tariff is five years). We expect to see a decrease of footwear exports from the People’s Republic of China to the European Union during this period.</p><p>By using a log-linear regression analysis we can see that the EU imports of Chinese footwear did indeed decrease from its trend otherwise during 1997 to 2002. Since the industry overall increased its sales during the same period, we draw the conclusion that the tariff was the reason for the decreased imports.</p>

Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Omslag is titelblad. Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Univ., Diss--Trier, 1999. / Literaturverz. S. 159 - 165.

Magister Legum - LLM

The master´s thesis deals with the possibility of enforcing human rights through the instruments that are primarily used to pursue economic interests of the state, specifically illustrating these possibilities within the context of the World Trade Organization. The thesis presents the theoretical understanding of the concept of national interest and the relation between the economic and human rights interests of the state. It also focuses more closely on the relation between trade liberalization through the activities of the WTO and the protection of human rights. The thesis also describes the possibilities of pursuing human rights through already existing processes within the WTO, namely through the accession process, the trade policy review mechanism, trade agreements based on the Generalized System of Preferences and last but not least, the use of general exceptions and dispute settlement mechanism.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese ANA CARLA BLIACHERIENE.pdf: 1983408 bytes, checksum: e8bb52bda7466ff200fc0557d3c299a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-19 / This thesis defines classifies and explores the applicable laws to subsidies and countervailing measures which are regulated by international rules of commercial defense issued by the World Trade Organization It introduces the historical evolution of the laws related to the multilateral trade by the international community and emphasizes the importance to maintain the mechanisms of commercial defense separated from those derived from the competition law Furthermore it presents out new themes related to subsidies raised in the Doha Agenda in addition to pointing out the Brazilian line of thought concerning other WTO-members propositions By classifying subsidies it discriminates financial subsidies between credit and tributary showing how the State acts as a regulator of the economical order It emphasizes the existence of a specific law system applicable to countervailing and antidumping measures in opposition to the one applicable to safeguards and it is compared with the Brazilian federal law It points out the vital importance of the maintenance of the judicial safety of the national court decisions about the application and interpretation of the WTO-derived Agreements specifically the Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement Finally it shows the mechanisms available for application of the commercial defense measure by the States and international trade subjects / Aborda a definição classificação e o regime jurídico aplicável aos subsídios e às contramedidas segundo as regras do Acordo sobre Subsídios e Medidas Compensatórias da Mundial do Comércio e a Legislação brasileira Trata do histórico da regulamentação jurídica do comércio multilateral pela comunidade internacional e ressalta a importância da autonomia dos mecanismos de defesa comercial em relação àqueles derivados do direito da concorrência Destaca os novos temas em matéria de subsídios levantados na Agenda Doha de Negociação bem como a posição brasileira quanto às propostas presentadas por outros membros da Organização Diferencia subsídios financeiros tributários de ditícios e aborda a atuação do Estado como regulador da ordem econômica Destaca a existência de um regime jurídico especial e próprio aplicável às medidas antidumping e compensatórias diferente daquele aplicável às salvaguardas fazendo uma análise das visões jurisprudencial legislativa e doutrinária brasileiras Demonstra a necessidade de manutenção da segurança jurídica nas decisões do Poder Judiciário nacional no que se refere à aplicação e à interpretação dos acordos derivados da OMC mais precisamente do Acordo de Subsídio e Medidas Compensatórias Por fim aponta os mecanismos disponíveis para a aplicação dos instrumentos de defesa comercial pelos Estados e as pelas partes interessadas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-24T04:09:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Folha de Rosto.pdf: 1353106 bytes, checksum: 418e6e605676f643e0d1b2afc719794e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-10 / With the development of the international trade, the quarrels became constant around the forms of regulation and the solution of conflicts between the nations, in this context appears the World Trade Organization (WTO). Before entering the study of the OMC and of its methods of solution of conflicts, it is necessary investigate the history of the development of the international trade before and after the Second World War I, and the multilateral organisms with emphasis in the General Agreement of Commerce and Tariffs (GATT). The ways of solution of international conflicts are object of the study, as much its historical part, as the current one, having as main focus the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of the WTO. As much in the historical part as in the part of the methods of international solution of conflicts, the participation of the developing countries is studied. And, is made studies of cases of the performance of the developing countries in some demands proposal before the DSB. Of this form, the work demonstrated as it was the participation of the developing countries in the development of the international trade and in the DSB of WTO / Com o desenvolvimento do comércio mundial, às discussões em torno das formas de regulação do mesmo e da solução de conflitos entre as nações tornou-se uma constante, neste contexto surge a Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) Antes de ingressar no estudo da OMC, propriamente dito, e de seus métodos de solução de conflitos, é necessário perquirir a história do desenvolvimento do comércio internacional antes e após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, e os organismos multilaterais criados, com ênfase no Acordo Geral de Comércio e Tarifas (GATT). Os meios de solução de conflitos internacionais são objeto do estudo, tanto sua parte histórica, como a atual, tendo como foco principal o Órgão de Solução de Conflitos (OSC) da OMC. Tanto na parte histórica como na parte dos métodos de solução de conflitos internacional, a participação dos países em desenvolvimento (PED) é objeto de análise. E, são feitos estudos de casos da atuação dos países em desenvolvimento em algumas demandas proposta perante o OSC. Desta forma, o trabalho demonstrou como foi a participação dos PED no desenvolvimento do comércio internacional e no OSC da OMC

Das "alte" Allgemeine Zoll- und Handelsabkommen (GATT) von 1947 hatte Fragen des Umweltschutzes noch keine Beachtung geschenkt. Seit den 70er Jahren geriet aber auch Ökologie als potentielles Handelshemmnis ins Blickfeld des Welthandelsrechts. Angesichts der Errichtung der WTO beleuchtet der Beitrag nach einer Skizze der Entwicklungen an der Schnittstelle von Umwelt und Wirtschaft die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer stärker umweltorientierten Auslegung von Art. XX GATT.