Construction production always contains different disciplines whose priorities andinterests can be very diverse. Good communication and coordination are essential tominimize misunderstandings and achieve good quality in the end result. This makesplanning a central part of the production management. In a world where conditionscan change as often as daily, being well prepared increases the opportunities to stayflexible and decrease negative effects of the changes.This study has been done in association with Skanska Foundations district North inStockholm in order to investigate how visual planning can be used in the productionmanagement to optimize the coordination and the quality.The history of Lean started at Toyota, but the concept are now spread over theworld and are used wide outside of the car industry nowadays. What’s challengingabout Lean in foundation projects is to embrace a long-term perspective and invest insolutions that are profitable in the longer term, instead of solve problems by onlytreating the symptoms.A holistic perspective is crucial in order to truly understand Lean. To study individualmethods and tools are against the core principals of Lean. However, due to thelimited time frame, this study has focused on the Lean concepts visual planning andgemba.Regardless of what kind of working methods the district chooses to use, it have tomake sure that every single employee understands the purpose and the benefitscoming with using that particular method. No change will work in the long termwithout a clear purpose. / Byggproduktion omfattar en mängd olika aktörer vars prioriteringar ochintressen kan vara vitt skilda. Detta ställer höga krav på en fungerandekommunikation och samordning för att minimera antalet missförståndoch uppnå god kvalitet i slutresultatet.Förberedelser är en viktig komponent och därför blirtidplanering central i produktionsstyrningen. Detta trots attförutsättningarna och därmed även tidplaneneringen i ettgrundläggningsprojekt kan förändras så ofta som dagligen. Genom attvara förberedd ökar möjligheterna till flexibilitet och därmed kan denegativa effekterna som förändrade förutsättningar tenderar att haminskas.Studien har utförts i samarbete med Skanska regionGrundläggning distrikt Nord i Stockholm i syfte att utreda hur visuellplanering kan användas i produktionsstyrningen för att optimerasamordning och kvalitet. För att kartlägga nuläget och identifieraförbättringsmöjligheter har intervjuer genomförts med tjänstemän ochyrkesarbetare som arbetar i produktionen.Lean härstammar från bilindustrin och Toyota men är numeravida spritt över branschgränserna. Utmaningen med Lean i falletgrundläggning, där projekten ofta är korta och saknar godframförhållning, är att anamma det långsiktiga perspektivet ochinvestera i lösningar som är lönsamma på sikt, istället för att lösaproblem genom att endast behandla symptomen.Ett helhetsperspektiv är väsentligt för den som vill förstå Lean,istället för att isolerat studera enskilda verktyg eller metoder, eftersomdetta går emot grundtankarna inom Lean. Studiens ringa omfattningkräver dock sina avgränsningar och behandlar därför främst begreppenvisuell planering och gemba.Oavsett vilka metoder och arbetssätt Skanska GrundläggningNord väljer att arbeta med krävs att alla medarbetare har förståelse försyftet och vinsterna det medför att arbeta på det fastslagna sättet. Ingenvaraktig förändring kommer till stånd utan förståelse för avsikten. Enannan viktig slutsats är att det inte nödvändigtvis saknas rutiner idistriktet för hur arbetet ska bedrivas, men att det samtidigt inte innebäratt dessa används i praktiken.

Kvalitet och hög prestanda är något som alla tillverkande företag strävar efter. Det är något som attraherar kunder och som är en vital del för att företaget inte skall behöva utföra omarbeten på grund av bristande kvalitet. Det är även viktigt för att företaget ska vara konkurrenskraftigt. Bristande kvalitet kräver mycket arbete av företaget vilket gör det extra viktigt med ett kvalitetsarbete som fångar upp de avvikelser som sker och som finner rotorsaken till problemet så att detta inte återkommer. Denna studie utfördes på Volvo Cars i Torslanda och syftar att se över Volvo Cars arbetssätt vid kvalitetsavvikelser. Teorin går igenom aktuella filosofier och ger en förståelse främst inom lean produktion. Den adresserar även vilka verktyg som används inom förbättringsarbeten. Dessa filosofier och verktyg anses vara vitala för att förstå studien. Studien syftar till att undersöka en befintlig kvalitetsavvikelse på ett tillverkande företag där problemet inte kunnat lösas internt. Genom att studera hur företaget arbetar med sitt kvalitetsarbete kommer en fallstudie att göras, samtidigt som det givna problemet kommer studeras och förbättringsförslag tas fram med målet att lösa problemet. Med hjälp av kvantitativa och kvalitativa data, som studerats och analyserats, har ett resultat presenterats där tillhörande förbättringsförslag har tagits fram. Med hjälp av dessa förslag kan företaget ta lära samt utveckla sitt eget kvalitetsarbete. Studiens resultat påpekar att det finns brister internt inom fallföretaget där konflikter uppstår som ett resultat av organisationens brist på utbildning inom personalstyrkan. Som ett resultat av detta är det ingen som är villig att ta på sig skulden av kvalitetsavvikelserna. Största orsaken är att det är tidskrävande och att de metoder och verktyg som är framtagna intern inom företaget inte alltid räcker till. Detta tillsammans med att personalen inte har tillräckligt med utbildning försvårar arbetet med kvalitetsavvikelser samt förmågan att lösa avvikelser likt det studien tar upp. / Quality and high performance are something that all manufacturing companies strive to achieve. It is something that attracts the customer, and it is a vital part to avoid re-work due to quality issues. It is also of high importance for the company to keep its competitiveness. Defective quality requires excessive work from the company which makes the quality work and its problem solving methods so important. This case study was made at Volvo Cars in Torslanda and its goal is to analyze Volvo Cars quality solving methods. The theory is based on philosophies that are acknowledged particularly in lean management. It also addresses the tools that are used mainly in the problem solving methods. These philosophies and tools are considered to be vital for the understanding of this study. The purpose of this study is to examine current quality deviations at a manufacturing company where the quality issues has not been able to be solved internally. Through analyzing how the company performs its quality work today a case study will be performed, the current issues will be analyzed, and improvement proposals will be produced with the goal to solve the current quality issues. With help from the quantitative and qualitative data that has been studied and analyzed, a result has been presented where improvement proposals have been produced. With these proposals the company can learn and develop their current way of working with their quality. The conclusion of the case study is showing that the internal handling and communication of quality issues is not treated in the correct way due to lack of education within the staff. As a result of this no one is willing to take responsibility to the quality defects. One main reason is that it is time demanding and the tools methods that the company provides are not enough to tackle these types of issues.This in combination with lack of education complicates the quality work and the ability to solve the deviations similar to the ones examined in this study.

Several companies have been inspired by Lean to achieve continuos improvement in their operations. Unfortunately, many manufacturing industries have struggled with the successful implementation of such improvement programs. LKAB has initiated the disturbance-free pellet production program to achieve stable processes by applying and improving LKAB´s decided standards. The purpose of this study is to investigate the desired effects of the process confirmation approach and to identify important sucess factors for the implementation of process confirmation at the organization NMF, LKAB. To achieve the desired effects with the method of process confirmation, the data collection in the study consisted of interviews, the results of which are presented in the results section. The interviews together with internal process confirmation documents have formed the basis for the analysis of the connection between the way of working and the Gemba Walk, with its theoretical background in the Lean philosophy. A SWOT analysis was made based on data from an interview with a participant from a similar improvement project and other material included in the study, to demonstrate the project´s prerequisites for a successful implementation of process confirmation. The study shows that the desired effects with process confirmation are clear with managers, but the approach in execution needs to be clarified, especially at a strategic level. The result from the study shows that there are good conditions for implementing the working method, where training in the execution and ensuring its compliance will be of great importance. / Flera företag har blivit inspirerade av Lean för att nå en kontinuerlig förbättring i sina verksamheter. Många tillverkningsindustrier har dessvärre kämpat med en lyckad implementering av sådana förbättringsprogram. LKAB har initierat programmet Störningsfri pelletsproduktion (SPP) för att uppnå stabila processer genom att tillämpa och förbättra LKAB:s beslutade standarder.  Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka önskade effekter av arbetssättet processbekräftelse samt att identifiera viktiga framgångsfaktorer för implementering av processbekräftelse på organisationen NMF, LKAB. Arbetet bygger på frågeställningarna (1) Vad är de önskade effekterna för chefer och medarbetare med arbetssättet processbekräftelse?, (2) Vad är likheter och skillnader mellan processbekräftelse och Gemba Walk? Och (3) Vad är viktiga framgångsfaktorer för implementering av processbekräftelse?  För att få fram de önskade effekterna med arbetssättet processbekräftelse har datainsamlingen i studien bestått av intervjuer där resultat från dessa presentera i resultatavsnittet. Intervjuerna tillsammans med interna dokument om processbekräftelse har legat till grund för analysen av sambandet mellan arbetssättet och Gemba Walk, med dess teoretiska bakgrund i Lean-filosofin. En SWOT-analys gjordes utifrån data från intervju med en deltagare från liknande förbättringsprojekt och övrigt material som ingår i studien, för att kunna påvisa projektets förutsättningar för en lyckad implementering av processbekräftelse.  Studien visar att önskade effekter med processbekräftelse är tydligt hos chefer men tillvägagångssätt i utförandet behöver förtydligas, särskilt på strategisk nivå. Resultatet från studien visar att det finns bra förutsättningar att implementera arbetssättet, där träning i utförandet och säkerställa dess efterlevnad kommer vara av stor betydelse.

In any business environment companies experience challenges and competition. In this current worldwide economic crisis, the stakes are now higher. With every crisis comes opportunity. The best companies with the best methods and processes that create highest quality product for less money will have an extraordinary advantage over their less efficient, lower quality competition. The term ‘Lean’ describes how Toyota does business: fewer humans, less effort, less investment, fewer defects, less time to develop, less inventory. For companies that have truly understood and implemented these principles the effects are significant; but many others have failed Lean initiatives. What factors are necessary for a company to successfully adopt the processes proven by over 50 years of success in Toyota? Using both primary and secondary research, I compared attributes of four companies, three of which were successful, and one that did not make the conversion. Three main factors emerged, the Technical Factor -- knowing both your core business and having a deep understanding of Lean principles, the Management Factor -- strong leadership operating within Lean principles and with hands-on approach, and the Human Factor -- approaching the workforce with respect and employee engagement in problem-solving process. The following is a brief review of these factors and the tools and concepts that undergird them. / text

Title: Improving the Processes in a WarehouseBackground: For warehouses to perform as efficiently and effectively as possible, helping companies maintain a high service level and react to market changes, continuous improvement is necessary. This is achievable through amongst other methods, the analysis of operations to identify wasteful activities and eliminate them. Purpose: This paper, through a thorough description and understanding of the current outbound processes at Company N, seeks to identify any wasteful activity and what might be causing such wastes. Furthermore the paper shall seek to make recommendations for reducing or eliminating wastes identified. Research Questions: What wastes can be identified in Company N’s outbound processes and why do they occur? What recommendations should be made for reducing wastes at Company N? Method: This research is qualitative in nature carried out using a deductive approach. Primary data was gathered mainly through observation and semi-structured and unstructured interviews with the goal of gaining as deep an understanding of the processes as possible. Secondary data was also gotten from multiple sources within the company. Contemporary tools and techniques like Value Stream Mapping and Gemba (observation at the place of work) were useful in identifying wastes; meanwhile the 5 Why’s questioning technique was used for finding the causes of wastes identified. Benchmarking was also used as a means of sourcing ideas and proven standards of performance. Conclusion: The research identified five main wastes including waiting, travelling, unnecessary motion, defects and processing. The main causes of the wastes include the use of manual verification during processes, limited use of batch picking, the absence of lifting aid and dissatisfaction amongst workers. The report makes recommendations including change of handling equipment and operating procedures to accommodate automatic verification of locations and items, as well as better usage of batch picking. It is also recommended to swap the location of certain articles and introduce marketing analysis to reduce travelling. Finally, recommendations are made for counteracting worker dissatisfaction such as a proposed improvement report, an appraisal system, more cross training and internal personnel development.

The submitted diploma thesis provides a detailed description of lean production in Avon Automotive Inc., Rudník. The essential aim was to demonstrate this method on workplace redesign via gradual production improvement. At First, specific terms are properly explained in a theoretic way. Lean production is fully clarified too. The author also mentioned methods which are bound to be adopted. Amongst the major Japanese methods are 5S, Kaizen, Kanban, and Ongoing improvement. It is history of the company, its current conditions, customers and competitors which are carefully looked into in the next part. Economic issue is then tackled with the focus on the last 6 years of the company economic development. Approval process, current company project conditions as well as production and logistics procedures descriptions are also provided within the thesis. The author eventually put emphasis on defying lean production with close attention to employees' training in which the author herself participated, and then gradual improvement phase is clearly marked in three steps. The diploma thesis includes SWOT analysis of the entire project. The author evaluates strong and weak sides of the company, its threats and opportunities. The thesis finally suggests that each job position should be maintained. It is all discovered facts of the whole project which are conveniently summarized at the end.

El presente trabajo propone la aplicación de lineamientos y herramientas de la filosofía Lean Construction para lograr una adecuada planificación, ejecución y control de proyectos de construcción de edificaciones multifamiliares con el objetivo de minimizar y prevenir los diversos problemas en obra, que no sólo repercuten en costo, tiempo y calidad sino también en la imagen de la empresa. A través de estas herramientas se busca lograr disminuir los retrabajos, el incumplimiento de calidad, mejorar la rentabilidad del proyecto y disminuir la cantidad de observaciones de post venta para lograr la satisfacción de los clientes del caso de estudio Precursores. Finalmente se espera que con el presente trabajo se logre tener un mejor enfoque de gestión de proyectos multifamiliares y que sirva como punto de partida para que empresas constructoras y profesionales logren sus objetivos superando la expectativa de sus clientes / Abstract: This research work proposes the application of guidelines and tools of Lean Construction philosophy to achieve adequate planning, building and control of multi-family building projects with the objective of minimizing and preventing various problems at work, which only affect in cost, time and quality but also in the image of the company. Through these tools, we expect to reduce reworks, non-compliance quality, improve the profitability of the project and reduce the number of post-sale observations to achieve customer satisfaction in Precursores case study. Finally, it is expected that in this work a better approach to multi-family project management will be achieved and it will serve as a starting point for building companies and professionals to achieve their objectives and surpassing the expectations of their clients. / Tesis

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-23T12:15:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 12.pdf: 3444028 bytes, checksum: 73c0e8984bffa4bb547494ec30407d6f (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T22:37:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 12.pdf.txt: 204813 bytes, checksum: 9eae4f603bf69f1c3e4907b919ce4332 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 12.pdf: 3444028 bytes, checksum: 73c0e8984bffa4bb547494ec30407d6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / A concorrência no setor farmacêutico é intensa e os produtos farmacêuticos possuem tempo de ciclo reduzido quando comparado com os grandes investimentos de P&D. Para concorrer neste setor, as indústrias estão sempre com foco em melhorar a eficiência dos processos de manufatura utilizando muitas vezes equipamentos complexos, modernos e automatizados com foco na produção para atingir as metas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar o melhor controle da produção utilizando como base a metodologia de Manutenção Produtiva Total da Produção buscando a maximização da eficiência dos equipamentos e recursos disponíveis, utilizando várias ferramentas dentre elas a Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) conhecida como eficiência global dos equipamentos de produção. Esta ferramenta permite monitorar o desempenho da linha de produção, identificar os principais gargalos, monitorar os índices de OEE, sugerir ações de melhoria no processo. Na análise de resultados do OEE ficou evidenciado que os setups, troca de máquina, representavam grandes desperdícios ao processo produtivo sendo então utilizado o SMED para redução destes tempos e conversão em tempos reais de produção. Também a utilização e implementação de outras ferramentas de apoio à implementação, manutenção e sustentação da produtividade como: trabalho padrão, análises de causa-raiz, guia de solução de problemas, criação de um conselho de OEE, educação e treinamento, Gemba, Kaizen, 5 s, trabalho padrão para liderança, controles visuais, reuniões de níveis de responsabilidade baseadas no sistema lean de gerenciamento de produção (Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 3 e Tier 4). O conjunto destes resultados acaba aumentando o lucro, a produtividade e qualidade, reduzindo assim os custos para o setor farmacêutico possibilitando maior competitividade. Neste estudo ficou possível observar que com a implementação destas ferramentas de gerenciamento da produção transformou-se desperdícios envolvidos no processo em tempo real de produção. / The competition in the pharmaceutical industry is intense and the products have reduced life cycles when compared to the large investments in R&D. To compete in this sector is necessary to improve the efficiency of the manufacture processes often using complex, equipment, modern and automated with focus in the production to reach the goals. In this context, the objective of this work is to demonstrate better control of production basis in the use of Total Productive Maintenance seeking to maximize the efficiency of equipments using various tools among them the Overall Equipment Effectiveness. This tooling allows you to improve the acting of the production line, to identify the bottle mouths, monitor OEE index, and suggesting improve actions in the process. Related the results of OEE analysis have been demonstrated that setup represented major wast in the production process so that the tooling SMED was used to reduce the time of change on the machine and convertion on the productive time. Beyond use of OEE another tools are used to support the implementation, maintenance and support the productivity as standard work, root cause analysis, troubleshooting, creating of OEE Council, education & training, gemba, Kaizen, 5 S, leader standard work, visual control, tier accountability based on the Lean Methodology (Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 3 and Tier 4). The group of these results ends up increasing the profit to the productivity, quality, and cost reduction to the pharmaceutical industry enabling greater competitiveness. In this study was possible to observe the implementation of managament production tooling that’s convert waste time in an production real time.

<div>Reviewing the literature verifies that manufacturing industries fall short of the required sustainable criteria in the system design.</div><div>One of the leading reasons behind such a failure refers to the lack of an effective system design's knowledge toward the selected solutions by benchmarking.</div><div>The Collective System Design (CSD) approach provides a countermeasure for this shortcoming by starting the design approach with a collective agreement upon the external and internal customer needs and then choosing the solutions for the system design to achieve those needs. </div><div>The general requirements and solutions to a manufacturing system are covered in the Manufacturing System Design Decomposition (MSDD) in a linear and path-dependent fashion, which is a core derivative of the CSD.</div><div><br></div><div>The CSD application in industrial case studies has been provided in this thesis to elaborate on how the CSD approach assists industries to re-design their systems in a sustainable manner.</div><div>The segregation of the tools and objectives of the system re-design in a path-dependent fashion is guided by the design principles.</div><div>The case studies described how to achieve the external customer needs of product quality, quantity, variety, and on-time delivery with a collaborative work inside the plant. </div><div>This collaboration was built up by defining the customer-supplier connection inside the plant.</div><div>Cell re-design and balancing of operations with a well-defined standard work is also elaborated in this research to help produce what is needed to be shipped today with the least amount of waste in the system.</div><div>The after system redesign MSDD questionnaire analysis at these industries have shown that the industries successfully satisfied their system needs in a sustainable manner. </div><div><br></div><div>In those case studies, an internal customer need for a safe working environment was also brought to light and the CSD approach was introduced and applied to achieve the associated requirements of safety. </div><div>As the original MSDD lacked the requirements and solutions for the safety component, an updated version of the MSDD has been proposed to incorporate </div><div>the safety branch to the MSDD.</div><div>In addition, some enhancements to the current version of the MSDD have been made for a clearer and more thorough understanding of the system design.</div>

To stay competitive in today's market, organizations focus on efficiency to reduce costs. Since there are still processes that are manually handled, there is a risk of affecting workers health during streamlining. Volvo CE Braås are currently working with a takt time of 35 minutes throughout their facility. They are looking to implement a takt flow system on their Pallet breakdown disassembly line to unify the systems within the company. The current situation of the pallet breakdown consists of variation, ergonomic issues, inconsistencies, disturbances and lay-out problems. Main problems have remained unidentified. The goal of the thesis has been to determine how optimization as well as, takt time implementation affects the workers. The aim of the thesis has been to analyze their current situation, present relevant changes to be made and to improve the ergonomics of the employees. Methods such as flow mapping, surveys, gemba walks and interviews have contributed to a basis of understanding. The methods have, together with selected theory, contributed to important knowledge and understanding of the disassembly system, that has led to conclusions and recommendations regarding the impact of optimization and takt time implementation on ergonomics. By using ergonomic guidelines together with discrete event simulation, an identification of human factors when optimizing has been detected. For Volvo CE to successfully implement takt time, several optimizations are needed together with relevant investments to ensure that the ergonomic values are kept on an appropriate level when the frequency of tasks increases. As a conclusion, to optimize a system which has a direct impact on the employees, there is a need to investigate the ergonomic values of today together with values after optimization. Optimization can not occur without investing in tools.