• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 194
  • 117
  • 29
  • 28
  • 16
  • 15
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 505
  • 171
  • 87
  • 70
  • 65
  • 62
  • 54
  • 52
  • 48
  • 43
  • 41
  • 38
  • 37
  • 33
  • 32
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
211

Avaliação imunoistoquimica da p-glicoproteina e correlação com a resposta a quimioterapia neo-adjuvante em pacientes com carcinoma de mama estadio III

Campos, Grace Imaculada Pereira 03 October 2006 (has links)
Orientadores: Luiz Carlos Teixeira, Marcelo Alvarenga / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T06:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_GraceImaculadaPereira_M.pdf: 240494 bytes, checksum: cd5e0f3dc3493ba406e12d65609a451f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a expressão imunoistoquímica da P-glicoproteína e sua correlação com a resposta à quimioterapia com esquemas contendo antraciclina em mulheres portadoras de carcinoma de mama estádio III. Sujeitos e Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, em que foram analisados 88 prontuários de pacientes matriculadas no período de Junho de 1996 a novembro de 2003 no Ambulatório de Oncologia Clinica do CAISM-Unicamp, e portadoras de carcinoma ductal infiltrativo localmente avançado, que receberam quimioterapia neo-adjuvante com esquemas contendo antraciclina, excluindo as portadoras de carcinoma inflamatório. O tumor foi biopsiado antes do tratamento (core biopsy ou incisional) e submetido a exame imunoistoquímico pelo sistema envision peroxidase, utilizando-se anticorpos monoclonais anti-P-glicoproteína (P-gp), C494 (Signet) trans-menbrana e C219 (Signet) intra-citoplásmatico. Considerou-se positivo coloração citoplasmática ou trans-membrana em 10% ou mais das células. O controle externo positivo usado foi tecido normal de rim humano. A resposta clínica foi avaliada antes da cirurgia, após no mínimo dois ciclos de quimioterapia e os dados correlacionados com a expressão da p-glicoproteína. Empregou-se o teste exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado para avaliar as possíveis associações. Resultados: A freqüência da positividade da P-glicoproteína na amostra foi de 23,86%. A resposta clínica objetiva à quimioterapia foi semelhante nos casos com e sem expressão da p-glicoproteína, considerando o tumor primário (57,1% vs 58,2%), axila (67,8% vs 78,8%) e resposta total (57,2% vs 65,7 %, p = 0,851). Conclusão: Não encontramos relação entre a expressão da P-glicoproteína e a resposta clínica à quimioterapia neo-adjuvante, sugerindo que este marcador não deve ser considerado como fator preditivo de resposta à quimioterapia com antraciclina / Abstract: Objective: Evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of P-glycoprotein and its correlation to the response to chemotherapy with schemes containing antraciclin in women who are carriers of stage III breast carcinoma. Subjects and Methods: In the study of retrospective cohort, 88 files of patients who are carriers of locally advanced infiltrative ductal carcinoma were analyzed, and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy containing antraciclin, excluding the inflammatory cases, from June 1996 to November 2003, in the Oncology Clinic of CAISM-Unicamp. The tumor was biopsized before treatment (core biopsy or incisional biopsy) and subjected to the immunohistochemical exam by using the envision peroxidase system and utilizing anti-P-glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies (P-gp), C494 (Signet) trans-menbrane and C219 (Signet) intra-cytoplasmatic. The cytoplasmatic coloring or trans-membrane was considered positive in a rate of 10% or more of the cells. The external positive control which was used was human kidney normal tissue. Clinical response was evaluated before surgery, after a minimum of two cycles of chemotherapy and the data was correlated to the expression of P-glycoprotein. The exact Fisher test or Qui-square test was used to evaluate any possible associations. Results: The frequency of the positivity of P-glycoprotein in the samples was 23.86%. The objective clinical response to chemotherapy was similar in the cases with and without the expression of P-glycoprotein, considering the primary tumor (57.1% vs 58.2%), arm pit (67.8% vs 78.8%) and total response (57.2% vs 65.7%, p = 0.851). Conclusion: The relation between the expression of P-glycoprotein and the clinical response to to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not found, what suggests that this marker should not be considered as a response predictive factor to chemotherapy with anthracyclin / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Tocoginecologia
212

Purificação da glicoproteina G (GPV) recombinante do virus da raiva produzida por celulas de Drosophila Melanogaster S2 atraves de cromatografia de afinidade por ions metalicos imobilizados / Purification of the recombinant rabies virus G glycoprotein (GPV) produced by Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography

Silva, Paula Timoteo da 23 April 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Sonia Maria Alves Bueno / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T16:21:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_PaulaTimoteoda_D.pdf: 1311022 bytes, checksum: 1652a409f13e2bb4e1a18a9dcb28d2fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Raiva ou hidrofobia é uma infecção viral que atinge o sistema nervoso central, ocorrendo em animais e humanos. As proteínas principais encontradas no vírus da raiva que atuam ativando o sistema imune são a nucleoproteína N (NPV) e a glicoproteína G, uma proteína transmembrana que forma o envelope viral e induz a produção de anticorpos neutralizantes que protegem contra o ataque viral. Este trabalho visou a purificação da glicoproteína G do vírus da raiva com cauda de polihistidina (GPV) a partir do lisado e do sobrenadante da cultura de células de inseto Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 (S2AcGPV2), transfectadas com o vetor pAc 5.1/V5-His A contendo o gene da GPV, empregando cromatografia de afinidade por íons metálicos imobilizados (IMAC). Os aspectos abordados neste trabalho foram a derivatização do gel de agarose com o agente quelante ácido iminodiacético (agarose-IDA) e a avaliação da seletividade, capacidade e reprodutibilidade do gel de agarose-IDA-Ni2+ na adsorção da GPV em função de diferentes sistemas tamponantes e de diferentes estratégias de dessorção de GPV (abaixamento de pH ou aumento da concentração de agente competitivo). A seletividade em cada sistema tamponante foi determinada por eletroforese SDSPAGE das frações dos picos de proteína obtidos nas cromatografias e a quantificação de GPV presente nas frações cromatográficas foi realizada através de ensaios do tipo ELISA. A melhor condição utilizada para a purificação da glicoproteína G foi a alimentação de lisado de células em coluna contendo agarose-IDA-Ni2+ equilibrada com tampão fosfato de sódio 20 mM, cloreto de sódio 500 mM, imidazol 2 mM pH 7,0. A lavagem foi realizada com tampão fosfato de sódio 20 mM, cloreto de sódio 500 mM, imidazol 2 mM pH 6,0 e a eluição por aumento de concentração de imidazol para 200 e 500 mM. Os resultados demonstraram a potencialidade de utilização do método de IMAC para a purificação da glicoproteína G do vírus da raiva / Abstract: Rabies or hydrophobia is a viral infection that affects the central nervous system, occuring in animals and humans. The main proteins found in rabies virus that activates the immunological system are the N nucleoprotein (NPV) and the G glycoprotein, a transmembrane protein that forms the spikes of the virus and induces virus-neutralizing antibodies that protect against infection. This research aimed at the purification of the rabies virus glycoprotein containing a polyhistidine tag (GPV) from lisate and supernatant of Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 (S2AcGPV2) cells culture, transfected with the vector pAc 5.1/V5-His A containing the GPV gene, using immobilized metal íon affinity chromatography (IMAC). The aspects developed in this project were the agarose gel derivatization with the chelating agent iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and the evaluation of the agarose-IDA-Ni2+ gel seletivity, capacity and reproductibility at the GPV adsorption, regarding different buffer systems and different GPV's desorption strategies (lowering the pH of the buffer or increasing the concentration of a competitive agent in the buffer). The seletivity in each buffer system was determined by performing SDS-PAGE electrophoresis on the chromatographic samples with the larger concentration of proteins, and the GPV quantification in these samples was determined by ELISA assays. The best results of purification were found when lisate was fed into an agarose-IDA-Ni2+ column equilibrated with 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer containing 500 mM sodium chloride and 2 mM imidazole pH 7,0. The washing step was proceeded with 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer containing 500 mM sodium chloride and 2 mM imidazole pH 6,0 and the elution proceeded by raising the imidazole concentration at the wash buffer to 200 e 500 mM. The results demonstrated the potencial of using IMAC to purify rabies virus G glycoprotein / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química
213

Análise filogenética de amostras de vírus da raiva procedentes de herbívoros da região fronteiriça entre o nordeste do Estado de São Paulo e o Sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil no período de 2000-2009 / Phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus isolates from herbivores from border region between northeast of São Paulo State and South of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2000 to 2009

Andrea Isabel Estevez Garcia 14 August 2013 (has links)
No Brasil a raiva dissemina-se de maneira insidiosa nos herbívoros domésticos, produzindo perdas à indústria pecuária. No estado de São Paulo, a última epizootia registrada ocorreu entre os anos 1997-2002, acometendo bovinos e equinos. Este estudo examinou a possível relação de alguns casos detectados no sul de Minas Gerais no período 2000 a 2009 com o foco paulista citado, mediante análise filogenética de segmentos do gene da glicoproteína (540 nucleotídeos) e nucleoproteína (416 nt) viral, usando o algoritmo de Neighbor-joining, modelo evolutivo Kimura 2- parâmetros com 1000 replicações, considerando sequências de isolados procedentes de diferentes regiões do interior paulista e do Brasil, tomadas do GenBank. Foi proposta uma análise geográfica mediante o programa ArcGis, localizando as coordenadas geográficas dos municípios de origem dos casos sobre mapas de relevo, bacias hidrográficas e distribuição de biomas. A análise filogenética dos dois genes estudados sugeriu que os focos mineiros podem ter a mesma origem genética da última epizootia paulista de raiva em herbívoros ocorrida entre 1997 e 2002. A análise filogenética baseada na nucleoproteína mostrou um maior nível de detalhamento sugerindo a ocorrência de diferentes eventos e/ou centros de dispersão de raiva em herbívoros na área de estudo. A análise geográfica insinuou que os casos aconteceram nas porções menos elevadas da Serra da Mantiqueira, na área de Mata Atlântica e em proximidades das bacias dos rios Piracicaba/Jaguarí, Paranaíba do Sul, Grande, Pardo e Mogi-Guaçu. / Bovine rabies is still spreading insidiously in Brazil, producing economic losses to livestock industry. A remarkable epizootics took place in São Paulo state between 1997 and 2002, affecting bovine and equines. This research was intended to examine genetic relations among some rabies outbreaks in Minas Gerais (MG), during 2000 and 2009 with São Paulo epizootics by phylogenetic analysis based on glycoprotein (540 nucleotides) and nucleoprotein (416 nt) genes partial sequences using Neighbor- joining algorithm, Kimura 2-parameters model, with 1000 bootstrap replications, considering sequences from different regions of São Paulo State (SP) and Brazil from GenBank. A geographic analysis was proposed, plotting geographic coordinates of municipalities with rabies cases on topographic, hydrographic and biome maps using ArcGis software. Phylogenetic analysis for both genes suggested that cases from MG can have the same genetic origin of SP epizootics. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleoprotein gene showed a richer level of detailing than glycoprotein gene, suggesting different events and/or dispersion centers of livestock rabies in the studied area. Geographic analysis proposed that MG cases occurred at less elevated portions of Serra da Mantiqueira mountains in the area of Atlantic forest, near Piracicaba/Jaguarí, Paranaíba do Sul, Grande, Pardo and Mogi-Guaçu rivers.
214

Avaliação dos mecanismos envolvidos na permeabilidade de fármacos antirretrovirais por meio dos modelos ex vivo (células de Franz) e in vitro (PAMPA) / Evaluation of mechanisms involved in the permeability of antiretroviral drugs through ex vivo (Franz cells) and in vitro (PAMPA) models.

André Bersani Dezani 23 March 2017 (has links)
Para fármacos administrados por via oral, o controle da extensão e da velocidade de absorção depende basicamente de duas importantes etapas: solubilidade do fármaco nos líquidos fisiológicos e sua permeabilidade através das membranas biológicas. Assim, o Sistema de Classificação Biofarmacêutica (SCB) foi proposto como uma ferramenta para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos, de novas formulações e para auxiliar nos processos de bioisenção. No entanto, outro fator relacionado à biodisponibilidade e que deve ser considerado nos estudos biofarmacêuticos é o metabolismo. Desta forma, o Sistema de Classificação Biofarmacêutica de Distribuição de Fármacos (SCBDF) foi proposto com a finalidade de classificar os fármacos de acordo com suas características de solubilidade e de metabolismo de modo que seja possível avaliar e predizer o comportamento do fármaco in vivo. O metabolismo tem sido amplamente investigado, sobretudo as enzimas do citocromo P450, as quais estão presentes também nos enterócitos. Além disso, o SCBDF oferece um suporte quanto à avaliação dos mecanismos de permeabilidade envolvidos nos processos de absorção, interações fármaco-fármaco e interações fármaco-alimento. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos na permeabilidade de fármacos antirretrovirais por meio dos modelos ex vivo (câmaras de difusão vertical tipo Franz) e in vitro (PAMPA, MDCK-MDR1 e microssomas) considerando os aspectos relacionados ao metabolismo intestinal e ao efluxo destes fármacos. Dada a importância da utilização de fármacos antirretrovirais na terapia medicamentosa contra a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA) e que estes medicamentos são normalmente administrados cronicamente, a compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos na permeabilidade é de suma importância, uma vez que estes não estão totalmente esclarecidos e poucas informações são encontradas na literatura. Além disso, a biodisponibilidade de fármacos como estavudina, lamivudina e zidovudina indica variação na permeabilidade, necessitando de uma investigação científica mais aprofundada dos processos absortivos. Assim, segmentos de jejuno provenientes de ratos machos Wistar foram utilizados para a avaliação da permeabilidade intestinal dos referidos antirretrovirais considerando a avaliação de efluxo pela glicoproteína-P e o metabolismo intestinal pela CYP3A. De maneira complementar, estudos in vitro com o emprego de membranas artificiais paralelas (PAMPA) e culturas celulares de MDCK-MDR1 foram realizados com a finalidade de auxiliar na elucidação dos mecanismos de permeabilidade dos fármacos antirretrovirais. Além disso, a avaliação do metabolismo dos referidos fármacos foi realizada com o emprego de microssomas a fim de verificar se tais substâncias são substratos de enzimas da família CYP3A e, assim, verificar o impacto do metabolismo intestinal na absorção. Os resultados de permeabilidade obtidos em PAMPA foram: 0,74±0,11 x 10-6 cm/s para a estavudina, 0,25±0,12 x 10-6 cm/s para a lamivudina e 1,14±0,25 x 10-6 cm/s para a zidovudina. Já no modelo ex vivo com o emprego de câmaras de difusão vertical tipo Franz, os resultados foram: 1,56±0,32 x 10-5 cm/s para a estavudina, 1,26±0,27 x 10-5 cm/s para a lamivudina e 2,54±0,49 x 10-5 cm/s para a zidovudina. Portanto, com base nos resultados obtidos a partir dos dois métodos empregados, sugere-se que 30 outro mecanismo de transporte que não envolva a permeabilidade por difusão transcelular passiva possa estar relacionado à permeabilidade dos fármacos antirretrovirais. Com relação aos estudos de efluxo, os resultados obtidos a partir dos experimentos realizados em câmaras de difusão vertical tipo Franz demonstraram o aumento significativo da permeabilidade dos três antirretrovirais quando o inibidor de P-gp foi empregado, sendo: de 15,6 x 10-6 para 42,5 x 10-6 cm/s para a estavudina, de 12,6 x 10-6 para 37,5 x 10-6 cm/s para a lamivudina e de 25,4 x 10-6 para 56,6 x 10-6 cm/s para a zidovudina. Em culturas celulares MDCK-MDR1, os resultados de permeabilidade foram utilizados para a obtenção das razões entre as direções B→A e A→B. Os valores de Papp na condição inibida para os fármacos estudados apresentaram razão menor do que 1. Já a razão B→A/A→B para cada fármaco nos ensaios sem inibidor apresentou-se igual ou maior que 2, evidenciando a interação fármaco-transportador. Com base nisso, o modelo ex vivo com o emprego de segmentos intestinais em câmaras de difusão vertical tipo Franz apresentou-se adequado na avaliação do mecanismo de efluxo dos fármacos antirretrovirais, o que foi confirmado com os estudos realizados em MDCK-MDR1. Assim, os fármacos antirretrovirais estudados apresentaram interação significativa com a P-gp. Em relação aos estudos de metabolismo realizados em câmaras de difusão vertical tipo Franz, os resultados demonstraram grande variação na permeabilidade dos três antirretrovirais quando o inibidor de CYP3A foi empregado, sendo: de 15,6 x 10-6 para 23,5 x 10-6 cm/s para a estavudina, de 12,6 x 10-6 para 27,3 x 10-6 cm/s para a lamivudina e de 25,4 x 10-6 para 40,5 x 10-6 cm/s para a zidovudina. Já no modelo que emprega microssomas, os resultados de metabolização na ausência e na presença de inibidor de CYP3A foram: de 16,56% para 19,79% para a estavudina, de 14,56% para 15,55% para a lamivudina e de 17,85% para 16,48% para a zidovudina. Com base nisso, sugerese o emprego de microssomas para a determinação de metabolismo, uma vez que o método ex vivo empregado demonstrou grande variação entre os valores obtidos. Desta forma, observou-se que, para cada fármaco, não houve influência significativa no metabolismo pré-sistêmico relacionado às enzimas do complexo CYP3A, o que indica que a absorção oral das referidas substâncias não é limitada por tais enzimas. Portanto, a utilização dos diferentes métodos empregados no desenvolvimento do presente trabalho permitiu compreender os mecanismos envolvidos no transporte dos fármacos antirretrovirais, o que se torna de grande relevância nas etapas de desenvolvimento farmacêutico de novas moléculas e na compreensão de eventos clínicos ainda não esclarecidos atualmente. / For orally administered drugs, control of the extent and rate of absorption depends on two important steps: solubility of the drug in physiological liquids and their permeability across biological membranes. Thus, the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) has been proposed as a tool for the development of new drugs, new formulations and aid in the biowaiver processes. However, another factor related to bioavailability that should be considered in biopharmaceutic studies is the metabolism. Thus, the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) has been proposed for drug classification according to their solubility and metabolism characteristics, so it is possible to evaluate and predict the in vivo behavior of a compound. Metabolism has been extensively investigated, especially cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are also expressed in enterocytes. Besides, BDDCS provides support in evaluating the permeability mechanisms involved in the absorption processes, drug-drug interactions and drug-food interactions. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms of permeability of antiretroviral drugs through the ex vivo (Franz cells) and in vitro (PAMPA, MDCK-MDR1 and microsomes) models considering aspects related to the intestinal metabolism and efflux of these drugs. Given the importance of the use of antiretroviral drugs in drug therapy against Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and that these drugs are usually administered in a long-term way, understanding the mechanisms involved in the permeability is of a great importance, since they are not totally elucidated and no information is found in the literature. In addition, drugs as stavudine, lamivudine and zidovudine indicate variation in the permeability, which require further scientific investigation of absorptive processes. Thus, jejunum segments from rats were used to evaluate the intestinal permeability of these antiretroviral drugs, considering the evaluation of efflux by P-glycoprotein and intestinal metabolism by CYP3A. In a complementary manner, in vitro studies using parallel artificial membranes (PAMPA) and cell cultures MDCK-MDR1 were performed to aid in the elucidation of the permeability mechanisms of antiretroviral drugs. Also, the evaluation of the metabolism was carried out using microsomes to verify if such substances are substrates of CYP3A, and verify the impact of the intestinal metabolism in the absorption. The permeability results obtained in PAMPA were: 0.74±0.11x10-6 cm/s for stavudine, 0.25±0.12x10-6 cm/s for lamivudine and 1.14±0.25x10-6 cm/s for zidovudine. In ex vivo method using the intestinal segments in Franz cells, the results were: 1.56±0.32x10-5 cm/s for stavudine, 1.26±0.27x10-5 cm/s for lamivudine and 2.54±0.49x10-5 cm/s for zidovudine. Thus, based on the results obtained from these two methods, it is suggested that the antiretroviral drugs present other transport mechanism that is different from transcellular passive diffusion. For efflux studies, results obtained from experiments performed in Franz cells shown the increase of the permeability of the three antiretroviral drugs when the P-gp inhibitor was used: from 15.6x10-6 to 42,5x10-6 cm/s for stavudine, from 12.6x10-6 cm/s to 37.5x10-6 cm/s for lamivudine, and 25.4x10-6 to 56.6x10-6 cm/s for zidovudine. In MDCK-MDR1, the permeability results were used for obtaining ratio values between the directions B→A and A→B. The Papp values obtained with 33 inhibitor shown a ratio less than 1. For ratio B→A/A→B for each drug in experiments without inhibitor, the values obtained was equal or greater than 2, which shows the interaction between drug and transporter. Based on that, the ex vivo model using intestinal segments in Franz cells seems to be adequate for evaluation of efflux mechanism of antiretroviral drugs, which was confirmed by MDCK-MDR1 studies. Thus, the antiretroviral drugs presented interaction with P-gp. For metabolism studies in intestinal segments in Franz cells, a wide range of standard deviation was observed for the three antiretroviral drugs when the CYP3A inhibitor was used: from 15.6x10-6 cm/s to 23.5x10-6 cm/s for stavudine, from 12.6x10-6 cm/s to 27.3x10-6 cm/s for lamivudine, and from 25.4x10-6 cm/s to 40.5x10-6 cm/s for zidovudine. In experiments in microsomes, the results of metabolization in the absence and presence of CYP3A inhibitor were: from 16.56 to 19.79% for stavudine, from 14.56 to 15.55% for lamivudine and from 17.85 to 16.48% for zidovudine. Based on that, it is suggested the use of microsomes for metabolism evaluation, since the ex vivo method presented high variability between the results obtained. For each drug, no significative influence in pre-systemic metabolism related to CYP3A enzymes was observed, which indicates that the oral absorption of the drugs is not limited by these enzymes. The use of different methods in this work allowed to understand the mechanisms involved in the transport of antiretroviral drugs, which is of a great relevance in drug development and in the understanding of clinical events currently not clarified.
215

Montagem de um pseudo-hantavírus quimera, contendo a nucleoproteína do vírus Araraquara e as glicoproteínas do vírus Andes, em sistema baculovírus / Assembly of a chimeric hantavirus-like particle, containing the Araraquara nucleoprotein and the Andes glycoproteins, expressed in baculovirus system

Fernanda Perez Yeda 22 February 2010 (has links)
Os hantavírus, membros da família Bunyaviridae, são os agentes infecciosos responsáveis pela Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal e pela Síndrome Cardiopulmonar por Hantavírus. São vírus com genoma constituído por três segmentos de RNA fita simples, de polaridade negativa, designados como S, M e L, que codificam, respectivamente, a nucleoproteína, as glicoproteínas G1 e G2 e a RNA polimerase dependente de RNA. Com o objetivo de estudar a montagem de pseudopartículas quiméricas de hantavírus, a proteína N do vírus Araraquara e as glicoproteínas G1 e G2 do vírus Andes foram expressas em sistema baculovírus. A microscopia confocal mostrou a colocalização das proteínas G1 e G2 com a proteína N. Pelos ensaios de imunoprecipitação e de centrifugação em gradiente de sacarose, foi observada a interação entre as proteínas N, G1 e G2. Nas análises por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão foi observada a montagem do pseudo-hantavírus quimera, com morfologia semelhante ao do vírion. O pseudo-hantavírus quimera obtido neste estudo poderá, no futuro, ser utilizado em estudos imunológicos, estruturais e morfológicos. / Hantaviruses, members of the Bunyaviridae family, are the infectious agents responsible for Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome and the Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome. The viral genome is composed by three segments of single-stranded negative-sense RNA, designated as S, M and L, which encode, respectively, the nucleoprotein, the G1 and G2 glycoproteins, and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In order to study the assembly of a chimeric hantavirus-like particle, the Araraquara nucleoprotein and the Andes glycoproteins were expressed in a baculovirus system. Confocal microscopy showed the colocalization of G1 and G2 proteins with the N protein. Immunoprecipitation assay and sucrose density gradient showed the interaction among N, G1 and G2 proteins. The transmission electron microscopy showed the hantavirus-like particle with the same morphology of the virion. The chimeric hantavirus-like particle produced in this study could be used, in the future, in immunological, structural and morphological studies.
216

Production of a Cost-Effective, TMV-Based Rabies Vaccine through Recombinant DNA Technology

Halle, Briana 01 January 2018 (has links)
Infectious diseases remain a significant cause of human deaths, as approximately 15 million deaths were attributed to infectious diseases in 2010 (Dye, 2014). One such disease is rabies, which causes around 59,000 human deaths worldwide annually according to some estimates (Kessels et al., 2017). However, 95% of human deaths attributed to rabies occur in Asia and Africa (Singh et al., 2017). Rabies is preventable, yet it is still a major concern in developing, low-income countries that lack access to the medical care necessary to combat it (Hampson et al., 2015). Alternative techniques for low-cost vaccine production have the potential to resolve this issue. This research investigates the use of recombinant DNA techniques and plant biotechnology to produce a more cost-effective vaccine for rabies. Gene sequences from the rabies glycoprotein were inserted at the end of the coat protein portion of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) genome. Plants were then infected with this recombinant virus, with hopes that TMV particles would assemble with proteins produced from the inserted glycoprotein sequence fused to the TMV coat protein. Results thus far suggest some of the sequences could be producing recombinant TMV particles, although issues involving successful extraction and reversion to wild type are still a challenge. Additionally, other research suggests that this is an effective method for vaccine development in general and for rabies.
217

Etude assistée par ordinateur de protéines et de leurs interactions avec des ligands :application à la D-alanine:Dalanine ligase et à la P-glycoprotéine

Vandevuer, Stéphane January 2006 (has links)
Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
218

Comprendre la flexibilité génétique de la protéine d’enveloppe de VIH-1 à travers l’étude du réseau de coévolution de ses acides aminés / Understanding the genetic flexibility of the HIV-1 envelope protein through the study of the network of its coevolving amino acids

Gasser, Romain 13 June 2016 (has links)
Une des caractéristiques du Virus de l’Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) est sa diversification génétique extensive, qui lui permet d’échapper au système immunitaire. Néanmoins, il est nécessaire que le taux de mutation requis pour à cette évolution rapide ne compromette pas la fonctionnalité de ses protéines. Les travaux présentés ici ont eu pour objectif l’étude des réseaux de coévolution qui composent les glycoprotéines d’enveloppe (Env) afin de comprendre les règles qui sous-tendent leur évolution. Il a été mis en évidence que les régions variables de ces protéines, grâce à leur flexibilité structurelle, peuvent aussi servir à faciliter l’incorporation de mutations touchant les régions plus constantes. De plus, un réseau de coévolution impliqué dans les changements de conformations nécessaires à l’activité de Env a été identifié, soutenant le fait que ces régions variables ont un rôle central dans ces changements. Ces études démontrent le rôle crucial joué par les régions variables en dévoilant un nouvel aspect de leur contribution à l’évolution du VIH-1. / The Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) is characterized by an extensive genetic diversification of its strains that allows the virus to escape the immune system. However, the mutation rate needed for this rapid evolution must not compromise the functionality of the viral proteins. The aim of the work presented here has been to study the coevolution networks that constitute the envelope glycoproteins (Env) in order to understand the rules driving their evolution. The results have highlighted that variable regions, thanks to their structural freedom, can facilitate the incorporation of mutations in more constant regions. Moreover, a coevolution network involved in the conformational changes required for the activity of Env has been identified, underlining the central role played by variable regions in these processes. Besides underscoring the crucial role played by variable regions in the functionality of Env, these studies unveil a new aspect of their contribution to HIV-1 evolution.
219

Withanolide D Exhibits Similar Cytostatic Effect in Drug-Resistant and Drug-Sensitive Multiple Myeloma Cells

Issa, Mark E., Wijeratne, E. M. K., Gunatilaka, A. A. L., Cuendet, Muriel 08 September 2017 (has links)
In spite of recent therapeutic advances, multiple myeloma (MM) remains a malignancy with very low curability. This has been partly attributed to the existence of a drug-resistant subpopulation known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). MM-CSCs are equipped with the necessary tools that render them highly resistant to virtually all conventional therapies. In this study, the growth inhibitory effects of withanolide D (WND), a steroidal lactone isolated from Withania somnifera, on drug-sensitive tumoral plasma cells and drug-resistant MM cells have been investigated. In MTT/XTT assays, WND exhibited similar cytostatic effects between drug-resistant and drug-sensitive cell lines in the nM range. WND also induced cell death and apoptosis in MM-CSCs and RPMI 8226 cells, as examined by the calcein/ethidium homodimer and annexin V/propidium iodide stainings, respectively. To determine whether P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux affected the cytostatic activity of WND, P-gp was inhibited with verapamil and results indicated that the WND cytostatic effect in MM-CSCs was independent of P-gp efflux. Furthermore, WND did not increase the accumulation of the fluorescent P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 in MM-CSCs, suggesting that WND may not inhibit P-gp at the tested relevant doses. Therefore, the WND-induced cytostatic effect may be independent of P-gp efflux. These findings warrant further investigation of WND in MM-CSC animal models.
220

Immunogénicité d'une glycoprotéine tumorale pancréatique, la lipase sels biliaires-dépendante pathologique et vaccination par des cellules dendritiques

Collignon, Aurélie 10 December 2012 (has links)
Le cancer du pancréas exocrine est un cancer très agressif associé à un diagnostic tardif et une résistance aux traitements conventionnels. L'identification de nouveaux marqueurs spécifiques est nécessaire afin de développer des outils diagnostiques ainsi que des traitements innovants. La lipase sels biliaires-dépendante pathologique (BSDLp), une glycoforme tumorale de la BSDL, se caractérise par l'apparition d'épitopes glycosylés reconnus par les anticorps monoclonaux J28 et 16D10. Leur expression spécifique par certaines lignées et tissus pancréatiques tumoraux humains nous permet d'envisager leur utilisation comme cible d'immunothérapie anti-tumorale par les cellules dendritiques (DC). Notre objectif est d'explorer la capacité de la BSDLp à induire une immunité cellulaire et d'apporter une preuve de concept de vaccination par les DC dans un modèle expérimental. Chez l'Homme, nous montrons que les DC chargées avec la partie C-terminale de la BSDLpJ28 (C-ter-J28) induisent l'activation des lymphocytes T. Dans le modèle murin, nous mettons en évidence l'expression de l'épitope J28 à la surface des cellules d'adénocarcinome pancréatique Panc02, utilisées pour induire des tumeurs. Nous montrons que la glycoprotéine BSDLpJ28 est immunogène chez la souris C57BL/6J. De plus, les DC chargées avec le C-ter-J28 puis soumises à maturation sont capables d'induire une réponse cellulaire T. Enfin, les DC, chargées et soumises à maturation ou non, testées en traitement prophylactique instaurent une protection substantielle, de longue durée, chez les souris vaccinées. Dans ces conditions, les DC, immatures lors de l'injection, jouent un rôle important dans la protection anti-tumorale. / Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an aggressive cancer associated to late diagnosis and resistance to conventional treatments. Identification of novel specific markers is necessary to develop diagnostic tools and innovative treatments. Pathological bile salt-dependent lipase (pBSDL), a tumoral glycovariant of BSDL, is characterized by the appearance of glycosylated epitopes recognized by J28 and 16D10 monoclonal antibodies. Their expression specific to some human tumor pancreatic cell lines and tissues led us to consider their use as targets for dendritic cell (DC) antitumor immunotherapy. Our aim is to explore the ability of pBSDL to induce cellular mediated immunity and to provide a proof of concept of DC vaccination in an experimental model. In humans, we show that DC pulsed with C-ter moiety of pBSDL-J28 (C-ter-J28) can induce T-cell activation. In mouse model, we demonstrate the expression of J28 epitope on pancreatic adenocarcinoma Panc02 cells, used to induce tumors in C57Bl/6 mice. We show that glycoprotein pBSDL (pBSDL-J28) is immunogenic in mice. Moreover, DC pulsed with C-ter-J28 and matured, are able to induce T-cell response. Finally, DC pulsed and matured or not, tested in prophylactic treatment provide long-term substantial protection in vaccinated mice. In these conditions, DC, immature at the time of the injection, play an important role in antitumor protection.

Page generated in 0.0746 seconds