English, Afrikaans and Northern Sotho summaries / Die algemene doel van hierdie navorsing was om ’n loopbaantevredenheids- en indiensneembaarheidsprofiel vir kenniswerkers saam te stel, gebaseer op die verhoudingsdinamika tussen individue se biografiese eienskappe (ouderdom, ras en indiensnemingstatus), loopbaankognisies (loopbaanaanpasbaarheid en psigososiale loopbaanpreokkupasies as voorgangers), hulle psigososiale loopbaanhulpbronne (indiensneembaarheidskenmerke, loopbaanankers en loopbaanwaardes as moderators) en hulle loopbaantevredenheid en selfwaargenome indiensneembaarheid (gevolge of uitkomste). Die einddoel van die navorsing was om gevolgtrekkings te maak oor die verhoudingsdinamika (omvang en rigting) tussen die konsepte ten einde organisatoriese loopbaanontwikkelingspraktyke vir die kenniswerker voor te stel. ’n Kwantitatiewe deursneenavorsingsbenadering is gevolg en het ’n steekproef van N = 404 kenniswerkers behels wat by professionele Suid-Afrikaanse liggame geregistreer is. Beskrywende, korrelasie- en meerveranderlike inferensiële statistiek is ingespan. Aanvullend tot die kanoniese korrelasieresultate, het regressie and strukturele vergelykingsmodellering ontledings aangetoon dat die loopbaantevredenheidsprofiel unieke beïnvloedingsfaktore het terwyl die selfwaargenome indiensneembaarheidsprofiel ook oor sy eie unieke beïnvloedingsfaktore beskik. Moderering regressie-ontleding het gewys dat individue se loopbaankognisies (dit is die vlakke van loopbaanaanpasbaarheid en loopbaanpreokkupasies) nie voorwaardelik ten opsigte van hulle psigososiale loopbaanhulpbronne was (dit is, indiensneembaarheidseienskappe, loopbaanankers en loopbaanwaardes) om hulle vlakke van loopbaantevredenheid en selfwaargenome indiensneembaarheid te verduidelik nie. Die loopbaankognisies en psigososiale loopbaanhulpbronne het individuele, bepaalde hoofgevolge om te oorweeg ten einde kenniswerkers se loopbaantevredenheid en selfwaargenome indiensneembaarheid te verstaan. Stapsgewyse regressie en hiërargies-moderering regressie-ontleding het gewys dat ouderdom, ras en indiensnemingstatus belangrike oorwegings was wat betref die loopbaantevredenheidsprofiel van kenniswerkers. Ras in die besonder het geblyk belangrik te wees om in aanmerking te neem ooreenkomstig hulle selfwaargenome indiensneembaarheid. Verskille tussen die biografiese groepe het ook aan die hand gedoen dat unieke loopbaanontwikkeling oorweeg moet word in multikulterele, diverse werkskontekste. Die loopbaantevredenheid en indiensneembaarheidsprofiel is saamgestel, gebaseer op die belangrikste insigte wat uit die essensiële, betekenisvolle bevindings bekom is. Loopbaantevredenheid en indiensneembaarheidsteorie is in hierdie navorsing uitgebrei. Aanbevelings vir organisatoriese loopbaanontwikkelingondersteuningspraktyke is gemaak, gebaseer op die voorgestelde profiel vir die professionele kenniswerker. / Maikemisetsomagolo a dinyakisiso e bile go go hlama phrofaele ye e kgotsofatsago mosomo le go thwalega mosomong go basomi ba tsa tsebo go lebeletswe seemo sa dikamano magareng ga dipharologantsi tsa dipalopalo ka ga batho (e lego mengwaga, bong, mohlobo le maemo a mosomo), go kwesisa ka ga mesomo (go tlwaela mosomo le seemo sa menagano ya setshaba ka ga mesomo bjalo ka dilo tseo di tlago peleng), methopo ya bona mosomo mabapi le menagano ya setshaba (dikokwane tsa go kgona go thwalega mesomong, dihlohleletsi tsa go hwetsa mesomo le maitshwaro a mesomong bjalo ka dilo tseo di lekolago mesomo) le go kgotsofatsa ga dinyakwa tsa mesomo le go ipona bjalo ka yo a thwalegago (seo se tlago ka moragonyana goba bjalo ka poelo). Maikemisetso ao a nepilwego a dinyakisiso e bile go tla ka dipheto mabapi le seemo sa dikamano (bogolo bja tsona le fao di lebilego gona) magareng ga kago ya maikemisetso a go sisinya ditiro tsa tlhabollo ya basomi ka dikhamphaning go mosomi yo a somago ka menagano. Mokgwa wa dinyakisiso wa bontsi wa mafapha a mantis o dirisitswe gomme sampole ya N = 404 ya basomi ba tsa tsebo o dirisitswe le go akaretsa mekgatlo ya sephrofesenale ya ka Afrika Borwa. Dipalopalo tsa go hlatholla, tsa papetso le tsa tshupetso ya makala a mantsi di dirilwe. Dipoelo tsa papetso tsa tatelano di laeditse gore go phrofaele ya go kgotsofatsa mosomo e na le dintlha tsa khuetso tsa go swana di nnosi mola e le gore phrofaele ya go ipona bjalo ka yo a thwalegago le yona e na le dintlha tsa khuetso tsa go swana di nnosi. Tshekatsheko ya poelomorago yeo e hlokometswego e laeditse gore dikwesiso tsa batho ka ga mosomo (ke gore, maemo a tsinkelo mosomong le go tlwaelo go phethagatsa mosomo) ga se tsa lebana le seemo sa methopo ya go phethagatsa mosomo wa mabapi le menagano ya setshaba (ke gore, dipharologantshi tsa go thwalega mesomong, dihlohleletsi tsa mesomo le maitshwaro a mesomong) go hlalosa maemo a bona a go kgotsofatsa phethagatso ya mesomo le go ipona o thwalega mosomong. Dikwesiso ka ga mesomo le methopo ya mesomo mabapi le menagano ya setshaba di bile le diabe tse itsego go batho tseo di swanetsego go hlokomelwa gore re kwesise go kgotsofatsa ga mesomo ka basomi ba tsa tsebo le go ipona ba thwalega mesomong. Tshekatsheko ya poelomorago ka dikgato tse mmalwa le ya poelomorago ya basomi go ya ka tatelano ya bona di laeditse gore mengwaga, morafe le maemo a mosomo di bile bohlokwa go di hlokomela mabapi le phrofaele ya go kgotsofatsa mesomo ga basomi ba tsa tsebo. Morafe o bonagala o tloga o le bohlokwa kudu go hlokomela mabapi le go ipona ba thwalega mesomong. Diphapano magareng ga dihlopha tsa merafe le mehlobo le tsona di sisintse gore go hlokega tlohabollo ya ka mesomong ye e swanago e nnosi yeo e swanetsego go dirwa ka seemong sa mesomo fao go somago batho ba ditso tse di fapafapanego. Phrofaele ya tlhabollo ya basomi le go thwalega mesomong go hlamilwe go lebeletswe tsebo ye bohlokwa ye e hweditswego go dikutollo tsa motheo tse bohlokwa. Dinyakisiso di katolositse teori ya mabapi le tlhabollo ya basomi le ya go thwalega mesomong. Go dirilwe ditshisinyo mabapi le ditiro tsa thekgo ya tlhabollo ya basomi ka dikhamphaning ka ga phrofaele ye e sisintswego ya mosomi wa tsa tsebo wa sephrofesenale. / The general aim of the research was to construct a career satisfaction and employability profile for the knowledge worker based on the relationship dynamics among individuals’ biographical characteristics (age, gender, race and employment status), career cognitions (career adaptability and psychosocial career preoccupations as antecedents), their psychosocial career resources (employability attributes, career anchors and career values as moderators) and their career satisfaction and self-perceived employability (consequences or outcomes). The end goal of the research was to draw conclusions on the relationship dynamics (magnitude and direction) between the constructs for the purpose of proposing organisational career development practices for the knowledge worker. A quantitative cross-sectional research approach was followed and involved a sample of N = 404 knowledge workers registered with South African professional bodies. Descriptive, correlation and multivariate inferential statistics were performed. Supplementary to the canonical correlation analysis, regression and structural equation modelling analysis indicated that the career satisfaction profile has unique influencing factors while the self-perceived employability profile also has its unique influencing factors. Moderated regression analysis showed that individuals’ career cognitions (i.e. levels of career adaptability and psychosocial career preoccupations) were not conditional upon their psychosocial career resources (i.e. employability attributes, career anchors and career values) in explaining their levels of career satisfaction and self-perceived employability. The career cognitions and psychosocial career resources had individually specific main effects to consider in understanding knowledge workers’ career satisfaction and self-perceived employability. Stepwise regression and the hierarchical moderated regression analysis showed that age, race and employment status were important to consider in terms of the career satisfaction profile of knowledge workers. Race seemed especially important to consider in terms of their self-perceived employability. Differences among the biographical groups also suggested unique career development needs to consider in multi-culturally diverse work contexts. The career satisfaction and employability profile was constructed based on the key insights derived from the core significant findings. The research extended career satisfaction and employability theory. Recommendations for organisational career development support practice were made based on the proposed profile for the professional knowledge worker. / Psychology / Ph. D. (Psychology)

Abstract in English, Tswana and Northern Sotho / The study aimed to explore teachers’ mathematical knowledge in respect of teaching the concept of fractions to Grade 6 learners. To that end a qualitative study was done, using a case study design. Data were collected through the observation of, and interviews with, three teachers at three schools in the Capricorn South district. Rooted in the theory of constructivism, the study was supplemented by the conceptual framework of mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) (Ball et al., 2008) and Shulman’s (1986) notion of pedagogical knowledge for teaching (PCK). The key finding of this investigation revealed that, of the three teachers, two did not develop the concept of fractions for their learners, but merely followed the traditional method of teaching the concept by encouraging their learners to memorise rules without understanding. Only one teacher emphasised an understanding of mathematical concepts. The main observation which the researcher made, was that teachers require a great deal of knowledge and expertise, in carrying out the work of teaching subject matter related to fractions. / Maikaelelo a thutopatlisiso e ne e le go tlhotlhomisa kitso ya dipalo ya barutabana malebana le go ruta barutwana ba Mophato wa 6 mogopolo wa dikarolwana. Go fitlhelela seo, go dirilwe thutopatlisiso e e lebelelang mabaka, go dirisiwa thadiso ya thutopatlisiso ya dikgetsi. Go kokoantswe data ka go ela tlhoko le go nna le dipotsolotso le barutabana ba le bararo kwa dikolong tsa kgaolo ya Capricorn Borwa. Thutopatlisiso eno e e theilweng mo tioring ya kago ya kitso e ne e tshegeditswe ke letlhomeso la sediriswa sa tokololo sa kitso ya dipalo ya go ruta (MKT) (Ball et al. 2008) le mogopolo wa ga Shulman (1986) wa kitso e e kgethegileng ya go ruta (PCK). Phitlhelelo ya botlhokwa ya patlisiso eno e senotse gore mo barutabaneng ba le bararo, ba le babedi ga ba a tlhamela barutwana ba bona mogopolo wa dikarolwana, mme ba latetse fela mokgwa wa tlwaelo wa go ruta mogopolo ka go rotloetsa barutwana go tshwarelela melawana kwa ntle ga go tlhaloganya. Ke morutabana a le mongwe fela yo o gateletseng go tlhaloganngwa ga megopolo ya dipalo. Temogo e kgolo e e dirilweng ke mmatlisisi ke gore barutabana ba tlhoka kitso le boitseanape jo bogolo go tsweletsa tiro ya go ruta dithuto tse di amanang le dikarolwana. / Dinyakišišo di ikemišeditše go utolla tsebo ya dipalo ya baithuti mabapi le go ruta kgopolo ya dipalophatlo go baithuti ba Kreiti ya 6. Ka lebaka la se go dirilwe dinyakišišo tša boleng, go šomišwa tlhamo ya dinyakišišo tša seemo. Tshedimošo e kgobokeditšwe ka go lekodišiša, le go dira dipoledišano le, barutiši ba bararo ka dikolong tše tharo ka seleteng sa Borwa bja Capricorn. Ka ge di theilwe go teori ya gore baithuti ba itlhamela tsebo, dinyakišišo di tlaleleditšwe ke tlhako ya boikgopolelo ya tsebo ya dipalo go ruteng (MKT) (Ball le ba bangwe, 2008) le kgopolo ya Shulman (1986) ya tsebo ya diteng tša thuto (PCK). Kutollo ye bohlokwa ya dinyakišišo tše e utollotše gore, go barutiši ba bararo, ba babedi ga se ba ba le kgopolo ya dipalophatlo go baithuti ba bona, eupša fela ba no latela mokgwa wa setlwaedi wa go ruta kgopolo ye ya dipalophatlo ka go hlohleletša baithuti ba bona go tsenya melawana ye ka hlogong ka ntle le go e kwešiša. Ke fela morutiši o tee yo a gateletšego gore go swanetše go ba le kwešišo ya dikgopolo tša dipalo. Temogo e tee yeo monyakišiši a bilego le yona, ebile gore barutiši ba hloka tsebo ye kgolo le botsebi, go phethagatša mošomo wa go ruta diteng tša thuto tšeo di amanago le dipalophatlo. / Mathematics Education / M. Ed. (Mathematics Education)

壹、研究目的 （１）透過本研究瞭解房地產仲介的型態及發展。（２）透過本研究發掘台灣不動產 市場中現存的仲介問題，並以公平性及效率性作為分析的重點，加以評估。（３）為 建立「房地產仲介制度」提出具體的建議，以供政府日規範房地產交易制度的參考。 貳、文獻回顧 （１）國內方面﹕包括有關房地產方面的期刊，及住商研究室對房屋仲介市場經營等 相關方面的研究報告。 （２）國外方面﹕則搜集有關Broker方面的研究期刊，繼有Greshem （１９７４）， Owen（１９７７），Villani and Simonson（１９８２）自不同觀點探討brokers 在 房地產市場中所扮演的角色與功能；１９８１年Yinger則透過模型，分析broker的佣 金結構和房價的關係；David W and Peter F.（１９８６）則建立模型研究仲介制度 和住宅市場的關係；Johnson and Loucks（１９８６）主張政府可透過對佣金和執照 的管制來管理仲介市場，並提高服務品質。 參、研究方法與內容 （１）文獻的探討一以瞭解各國仲介制度的情形。（２）資料的搜集一搜集台北都會 區內有關房屋仲介的各種報導，並藉由訪談及問卷的方式，瞭解各經營型態的代表性 公司的營運情形，以深入探討房屋仲介的情況。（３）個案的分析一透過深入訪京及 問卷的趼究方法，對個案做深入分析，以瞭解仲介關係中的公平及效率。 肆、研究結果 （１）透過問題的發掘與探討，以瞭解成屋及中古屋的交易方式與過程。 （２）透過公平／效率指標，評估台灣房地產仲介的公平性與效率性。 （３）就所發掘的課題提出策略，以供政府或民間業者欲成立房地產仲介制度的參考 。

Master Thesis Analysis of Old-age Pension Schemes provides comparison of pay-as-you-go system and funding pensions from the theoretical point of view. Comparison is made assuming constant population and population under demographic crisis as well. Next issue is a demographic development of the Czech republic. The thesis answers the question whether demographic crisis in the Czech republic occurs. The last part of the thesis analyses the current pension system of the Czech republic assuming analysed development of population growth.

O turismo é uma atividade econômica que cresce em ritmo acelerado desde meados do século XX, para tornar-se uma das principais fontes de emprego e renda em diversos países, muitas vezes em substituição a diversas outras práticas mais tradicionais. Os mapas se inserem no jogo de sedução das imagens concebidas para vender a idéia do lugar turístico. Mas a cartografia também pode dar uma contribuição significativa para o desenvolvimento de um tipo diferenciado de turismo, cuja concepção não se restrinja ao consumo irrefletido dos lugares turísticos. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma proposta metodológica de cartografia turística que visa revelar o lugar, interpretá-lo e, dessa forma, acrescentar valores ao visitante, para lhe garantir a fruição do espaço, isto é, o ato de aproveitá-lo satisfatória e prazerosamente. Como área de estudo foi escolhida a Chapada dos Veadeiros, em Goiás, patrimônio natural da humanidade, onde se desenvolve uma crescente atividade de ecoturismo. Para tanto, essa cartografia turística é idealizada como um meio de comunicação visual cujas bases teóricas são fornecidas pela psicologia Gestalt e pela Semiologia Gráfica, além de subsidiada pela cartografia ambiental, no sentido de elaborar representações gráficas que estimulem a percepção visual dos turistas e auxiliem o processo de interpretação do patrimônio. Assim, tal proposição metodológica exige o conhecimento sistematizado do espaço turístico, dos seus atores sociais e do seu contexto sócio-cultural, visando a criação de uma linguagem acessível. / Tourism is an economic activity that grows at rapid rhythm since the middle of the twentieth century, to become a great source of employment and rent in many countries. The maps are included in the seduction\'s game of designed images to sell the idea of the tourist place. But the cartography can also make a significant contribution to the development of a different type of tourism, whose design is not restricted to thoughtless consumption of tourist spots. In this work is presented a methodological proposition for mapping that pretends to reveal the place, interpret it and thus add value to the visitor, to ensure the enjoyment of the area, i.e. the act of use it pleasurable and satisfactory. As the study area was chosen the Chapada dos Veadeiros in state of Goiás, natural heritage of humanity, which is developing a growing activity of ecotourism. To this end, the tourist cartography, idealized as a means of visual communication, has got as theoretical basis the Gestalt psychology and the Semiology of Graphics. In addition, it must be subsidized by the environmental cartography, to produce graphical representations that stimulate the visual perception of tourists and aid the process of heritage interpretation. This methodological proposition requires the systematic knowledge of tourist place, its social actors and their socio-cultural context, aiming to create an accessible language.

Folgende Dissertationsschrift setzt sich zum Ziel, den gegenwärtigen Diskurs über Europas Osten auf der literarischen Ebene zu untersuchen. Wie Hartmut Böhme zu Recht anmerkt, seien sich Reisen und Schreiben in ihrem Wesen sehr ähnlich. Während Reisen ein Er-Fahren der Welt bedeutet, kann Schreiben als Durchquerung der Sprachräume gelten. Die Bewegungen im Raum der umgebenden Welt und im Raum der Imagination und der Sprache führen dazu, dass die symbolischen Topographien neu kartiert und dadurch neue Orientierungen vermittelt werden können. Anhand der Prosawerke der jungen, nach dem Krieg geborenen Generation der deutschsprachigen SchriftstellerInnen, die mit der Selbstverständlichkeit der bipolaren Teilung der Welt aufgewachsen sind, wird untersucht, wie die literarische Karte Europas im gegenwärtigen literarischen Diskurs neu entworfen wird. Die Verfasserin argumentiert, dass es keineswegs die der Ost-West-Dichotomie immanenten Denkmuster sind, die die auf der literarischen Ebene vermittelte Wahrnehmung der Region prägen. Im Gegenteil, während die AutorInnen auf überraschend viele literarische Stoffe, Motive literarische Denkmuster zurückgreifen, bestätigen sie die Gültigkeit der These von Horst Steinmetz auch in Bezug auf die neueste deutsche Literatur: dass literarische Werke nicht nur auf die konkreten Aspekte der umgebenden Welt, sondern darüber hinaus auf literarische Traditionen reagieren, denen sie sich immer wieder, zum Teil im Widerspruch, und zum Teil unbewusst, eingliedern. / The following PhD-thesis aims to analyze the contemporary discourse on Eastern Europe which has been established in the most recent German-language prose works. Just as Hartmut Böhme stated, traveling and writing are both very similar. While traveling means exploring the world, writing can be experienced as a transition through the spaces of language. All these movements, either in physical space or in the sphere of language and imagination, lead to new mapping of symbolic topographies and can so convey new reference points. On the basis of the prose works of the young post-World War II generation of German-language authors who grew up with the overwhelming awareness of the bipolar division of the world, the thesis investigates how they re-map the perception of Europe. The author argues that these are not the traded patterns of perception referring to the East-West-Division which are being used in contemporary prose works. On the contrary, by making recourse to a surprisingly large number of topics, subjects and motives from the prior literary works, the new generation of authors seems to confirm the assumption of Horst Steinmetz in regard to the most recent literature – literary works react not only to the concrete aspects of the contemporary world, but also to the literary traditions, that they repeatedly and constantly refer to. They contradict or affirm, in an unconscious or considered manner, prior literary traditions.

Spätestens seit Beginn der Gastarbeitermigration ab Mitte der 1950er Jahre geistert der Begriff Integration meist als unbestimmte Anpassungsforderung an Zugezogene durch Deutschland. Dabei haben die Eingliederungsprozesse von Türken und ihren Nachkommen bis heute besonderes Gewicht. Ziel der Dissertation ist es, anhand deutsch-türkischer Gegenwartsliteratur festgefahrene Denkmuster im Integrationsdiskurs zu hinterfragen und neue Perspektiven hierzu aufzuzeigen: Was ist Integration, wer integriert sich in was und warum? Die Arbeit untersucht, welche Integrationsmodi und -typen in der ausgewählten Literatur artikuliert werden, mit welchen Parametern Integration verknüpft ist und welche Faktoren als entscheidend für eine gelungene oder gescheiterte Integration gelten. Gegenstand sind Texte türkeistämmiger Autoren der ersten und zweiten Generation, die zwischen 2007 und 2011 erschienen sind insbesondere die Romane Ali zum Dessert von Hatice Akyün und Cafe Cyprus von Yade Kara. Den theoretischen und methodischen Rahmen bilden die interkulturelle Literaturwissenschaft nach Norbert Mecklenburg und Michael Hofmann (u. a. zu Identitäts- und Differenzkonzepten), die sozialwissenschaftlichen Ausführungen zum Integrationsbegriff von Hartmut Esser sowie das Diskursverständnis und archäologische Analyseverfahren nach Michel Foucault. Zu den Ergebnissen gehören die Ästhetische und thematische Charakterisierung der deutsch-türkischen Gegenwartsliteratur, die Bestimmung des dem jeweiligen Text zugrunde liegenden Integrationsverständnisses sowie die Bewertung der künstlerischen Ausarbeitung und des Diskursbeitrags. Besonders erhellend ist die Analyse, wenn die Texte einen abweichenden Diskurs von jenem in den Medien, der Politik und Gesellschaft dominanten entwerfen und Aspekte verhandeln, die bislang nicht in soziologischen Konzepten berücksichtigt werden. Dann zeigen sich im Diskurs neue Formationen und für die Integration entscheidende Faktoren sowie damit eine divergierende Einschätzung der Integrationsrealität. / Since the onset of guest worker migration in the mid-1950s, the notion of integration has been coming up in Germany as the diffuse demand for adaptation on the part of the migrants. Up to the present day, the processes of integration of Turks and their offspring have carried particular weight. The goal of this dissertation is to explore German-Turkish contemporary fiction in order to call intransigent patterns of thought in the discourse on integration into question and develop new perspectives: What is integration, who integrates into what, and why? The dissertation analyzes the modes of integration literature articulates, the parameters with which integration is bound up, and the factors considered decisive for successful or failed integration. Its subject are writings by first- and second-generation authors of Turkish origin that have appeared between 2007 and 2011, in particular the novels Ali zum Dessert by Hatice Akyün and Cafe Cyprus by Yade Kara. The theoretical and methodical framework is derived from intercultural literary studies as according to Norbert Mecklenburg and Michael Hoffmann (e.g. on concepts of identity and difference); Hartmut EsserÕs sociological account of integration; and Michel Foucault`s notion of discourse and archaeological analysis. The dissertation accomplishes the aesthetic and thematic characterization of German-Turkish contemporary fiction, reveals on which concept of integration each text is based, and evaluates the texts aesthetic realizations and their contributions to the current discourse. The analysis proves particularly insightful in those instances in which literary texts project a discourse that deviates from that of the media, politics, and society, and treat aspects that sociology has hitherto neglected. In these instances, new discursive formations along with new decisive factors for integration arise, and it becomes necessary to evaluate the reality of integration differently.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T11:45:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucio_de_Souza_Machado.pdf: 1006813 bytes, checksum: 7f1abd85e6d25bc6f5f645ee660a65cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-08 / The present research work aimed to study the Controller of College Teaching Institutions (IESs) in the metropolitan Goi??nia, concerning the elaboration of reports by the accounting and financial departments. Controller is meant as the main area of support to the management, responsible for the systematization of information from the several areas of the enterprise, which in this dissertation are the IESs. In the first part of the dissertation, we present the bibliographic revision about the concepts concerned with the Controller, its phases, as well as its application in the IESs. Then, we discussed the IESs, in a brief historical beginning and, later, their classification as an open system, their main activities, the component sub-systems and the discussion of the chief features linked to their management. In the study itself, we used a descriptive research and, as its operational instrument, the questionnaire, whose content is divided into 3 parts: part 1) the profile of the IESs; part 2) the understanding of the chief director/manager about the concepts attached to the Controller and; 3) to the reality of the IESs about the generation of accounting and financial reports. The collected data have been qualitatively tabulated and analyzed, and we found that the IESs of the Metropolitan Goi??nia do not have patronized accounting and financial reports. We also found out that the managers have and optimal view about the informatives linked to the Controller, as well as about the inherent concepts of the area, however their perception is not totally confirmed by the reality in which it is inserted. / A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo estudar a Controladoria das Institui????es de Ensino Superior da grande Goi??nia, quanto ?? gera????o de relat??rios pelas ??reas cont??bil e financeira. A Controladoria ?? entendida como a ??rea principal de apoio ?? gest??o, respons??vel pela sistematiza????o das informa????es geradas pelas v??rias ??reas da empresa, que nesta disserta????o s??o as IESs. Na primeira parte da disserta????o, ?? apresentada a revis??o bibliogr??fica sobre os conceitos ligados a Controladoria, suas fases, bem como sua aplica????o nas IESs. Em seguida, discutiu-se as IESs, num breve intr??ito hist??rico e, posteriormente, suas classifica????es como um sistema aberto, suas principais atividades, os subsistemas que as comp??em e a discuss??o dos principais aspectos ligados a sua gest??o. No tocante ao estudo, em si, utilizou-se da pesquisa descritiva e, como instrumento para operacionaliza????o da mesma, o question??rio, cujo conte??do est?? dividido em 3 partes: parte 1) perfil das IESs; parte 2) entendimento do principal dirigente/gestor sobre conceitos ligados ?? Controladoria e; parte 3) ?? realidade das IESs no que tange a gera????o de relat??rios cont??beis e financeiros. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e analisados qualitativamente, tendo constatado que as IESs da grande Goi??nia n??o t??m um padr??o de relat??rios cont??beis e financeiros. Observou-se tamb??m, que os gestores t??m uma ??tima vis??o acerca dos informativos ligados ?? Controladoria, bem como de conceitos inerentes ?? ??rea, por??m sua percep????o n??o ?? totalmente confirmada na realidade, a qual se insere.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:53:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LAZARA LISBOA DA COSTA MENDONCA.pdf: 6318501 bytes, checksum: f7d701995ac14034c29e5144729183a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-06 / The theme of democratic school management, the subject of this dissertation has been debated by several scholars in the educational field, who investigate the fundamentals, the dynamics and process of implementing of this model in educational systems and institutions. In this work, it is intended to grasp the following problem: which are the instituted and instituting concrete conditions in public schools in the City School System in Goianésia-GO, for the development of democratic school management? As the main aim, it is cited: to analyze the understanding of leaders about the concrete conditions existing in the public schools of the Municipal Education System (MES) in Goianésia-GO, in order to implement democratic management practices that favor the guarantee of the right to social quality education. Other goals were listed to support the achievement of the main objective, namely: a) to map the instruments which govern the management process undertaken in public schools of MES in Goianésia-GO; b) to recogne which space, time and the forms of participation provided to different segments in the decisions regarding the organization and functioning of the school, c) to identify conceptions of leadership with regard to the relationship between the practices of democratic school management and ensuring the right to education. Thus, with this work, it is intended to collaborate with the studies and debates about the systems and the teaching units of municipal school systems have instituted the process of democratic management. The method used was the historical dialectic materialism. It was adopted a qualitative approach to the analysis of official documents and the questionnaire with leaders of MES in Goianésia-GO, as instruments of data collection. The MES in Goianésia-GO develops initiatives facing the democratic management, since it is an ongoing process of gradual implementation of direct elections for choosing school leaders and the establishment of school boards. It is possible, however, to infer based on empirical research, that there is a long way for the consolidation of management practices in the system, considering that they remain in daily school organization, personalist, authoritarian and clientelistic practices that hinder critical and conscious participation of different segments that constitute the definition of its direction, to ensure the right to education of social quality for all. / O tema gestão democrática da escola, objeto desta dissertação, tem sido debatido por vários estudiosos do campo educacional, que investigam os fundamentos, a dinâmica e o processo de implementação desse modelo nos sistemas e nas instituições educacionais. Neste trabalho, pretende-se apreender o seguinte problema: quais são as condições concretas instituídas e instituintes nas escolas públicas do Sistema Municipal de Ensino de Goianésia-GO, para o desenvolvimento da gestão escolar democrática? Como objetivo principal, cita-se: analisar a compreensão dos dirigentes acerca das condições concretas existentes nas escolas públicas do Sistema Municipal de Ensino (SME) de Goianésia-GO, para a implementação de práticas de gestão democrática que favoreçam a garantia do direito à educação de qualidade social. Outros objetivos foram elencados a fim de subsidiar o alcance do objetivo principal, quais sejam: a) mapear os instrumentos que regulam o processo de gestão empreendido nas escolas públicas do SME de Goianésia-GO; b) reconhecer quais os espaços, tempos e as formas de participação assegurados aos diferentes segmentos nas decisões sobre a organização e o funcionamento da escola; c) identificar a concepção dos dirigentes no que se refere à relação entre as práticas de gestão escolar democráticas e a garantia do direito à educação. Desse modo, com este trabalho, pretende-se colaborar com os estudos e debates sobre como os sistemas e as unidades de ensino dos sistemas municipais de ensino têm instituído o processo de gestão democrática. O método utilizado foi o materialismo histórico dialético. Adotou-se a abordagem qualitativa na análise de documentos oficiais e o questionário com dirigentes do SME de Goianésia-GO, como instrumentos de coleta de dados. Na análise e interpretação das informações, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. O SME de Goianésia-GO desenvolve iniciativas voltadas à gestão democrática, visto que está em curso um processo gradual de implantação da eleição direta para escolha de dirigentes escolares e a implantação dos conselhos escolares. Pode-se inferir, porém, com base na pesquisa empírica, que existe um longo caminho à consolidação das práticas de gestão democrática no Sistema, haja vista que permanecem, no cotidiano da organização escolar, práticas personalistas, autoritárias e clientelistas, que dificultam a participação crítica e consciente dos diferentes segmentos que a constituem na definição de seus rumos, no sentido de garantir o direito à educação de qualidade social para todos.

As células trofoblásticas provenientes de cones ectoplacentários na fase de pós-implantação expressam as subunidades do complexo NAD(P)H-oxidase de membrana p22-phox, gp91-phox, p47-phox, p40-phox, p67-phox e Rac1 previamente descritas em fagócitos e envolvidas com a atividade fagocitária destas células. Ocorre modulação da expressão das subunidades do complexo enzimático NAD(P)H-oxidase sob o estímulo com PMA, agente capaz de fosforilar a subunidade p47-phox e ativar esta enzima em fagócitos profissionais. Nossos ensaios experimentais indicam que as células trofoblásticas são capazes de gerar espécies reativas de oxigênio dependente da atividade do complexo NAD(P)H-oxidase de membrana de baixa intensidade quando não estimuladas e de forma muito mais intensa quando estimuladas pelo PMA. As características de expressão e atividade do complexo enzimático NAD(P)H-oxidase de membrana encontradas neste estudo sugerem que esta enzima é semelhante a encontrada em outros fagócitos e, desta forma possa talvez estar também envolvida com processos de defesa da interface materno-fetal. / In macrophages and neutrophils, the activation of the phagocytosis is defined by the acquisition of competence for microbicide, tumoricide and cytolytic functions resultant of generation and release of oxygen reactive species, besides the phagocytic process per se. Like these phagocytes, trophoblast cells in many species are also phagocytic. This cellular population involves completely the embryo and exhibits different and specific characteristics along the gestation. In rodents and primates, these cells are strategically positioned between maternal and fetal circulation and exhibit invasive and phagocytic activity, respectively responsible for anchorage of the embryo into the endometrium and uptake of an adequate nutritional supply for the embryo development. In rodents, these activities present a maximum degree during the implantation period, gradually declining, as the placenta develops. In the presence of strange particles at the maternal-placental interface, however, this process can be reactivated and, in this case, may be related to defense\'s mechanisms. Previous studies performed in our laboratory showed the potential of the trophoblast in producing and releasing reactive species of oxygen/nitrogen, in a very similar manner to that observed in macrophages and neutrophils. The production of such molecules is associated to different enzymes, but the localization of hydrogen peroxide on trophoblast cell surface has suggested a NAD(P)H-oxidase activity. NAD(P)H-oxidase is formed by the cytochrome b558 associated to the cellular membrane (subunits p22-phox + gp91-phox), the cytosolic subunits p47-phox, p67-phox and p40phox and, the GTPases Rac1 and Rac2 in an electron generator system that uses NADH or NADPH as substratum. Once activated, the enzymatic complex is responsible for the electron inflow to the molecular oxygen, yields superoxide anion. Thus, based on the literature and results previously obtained by our group, this study analyzed the protein and gene expression of the NAD(P)H-oxidase complex subunits respectively by immunolocalization and Westernblotting and rt-PCR, in the mouse trophoblast stimulated with PMA. Rt-PCR semi-quantitative analyses showed increase expression of the subunits p22-phox, gp91-phox, p47-phox, p67-phox, p40phox and Rac1 in PMA-treated in comparison with non treated ectoplacental cones. The expression of the subunits gp91-phox, p47-phox and p67-phox were confirmed by Western blotting and, like gene expression also increased in the presence of PMA. These subunits were mostly located in the trophoblast giant cell population, associated to the phagocytic process at the maternal-placental interface. Increased expression of such subunits may be related to an increase in the NAD(P)H-oxidase activity. To analyze this possibility and to determine the role played by NAD(P)H-oxidase activity in the reactive oxygen species produced by trophoblast cells, cellular assays were performed using the oxyethidium fluorescence, a product of dihydroethidium oxidation by superoxide anion. Thus, under PMA stimulus and antimycin A that blocks the mitochondrial NAD(P)H-oxidase activity and, apocynin and allopurinol, respectively blocking the membrane NAD(P)H-oxidase and xhantine oxidase and, still, using specific superoxide and hydrogen peroxide scavengers (superoxide dismutase enzyme and catalase) we showed the generation of reactive species of oxygen-NAD(P)H-oxidase dependent by trophoblast cells, mostly when stimulated. These results come to add important information about the potential of the trophoblast in producing reactive species at the maternal-fetal interface and, open a new investigation interest on the NADPH-oxidase regulatory processes and its involvement in defense functions of the embryo in both healthy and pathological processes that can determine the failure of the gestation.