What sources informed the resurrection narrative of Jesus in the Gospel of John? Some scholars argue that the author of John used the Synoptic Gospels along with oral traditions as sources, but others maintain that John used only independent traditions to write his resurrection story. This paper argues that John did not use the Synoptics for this narrative because the reconstructed history of the Johannine community provides an adequate basis for postulating independent traditions which succeed at explaining both the similarities and differences between John and the Synoptics. While it does not claim to prove that the author was unaware of the Synoptics, it maintains that the evidence for the use of those Gospels in addition to tradition is too weak, whereas independent traditions alone can account for the material. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Until recently, very little had been written directly on the problem of the New Testament kergyma. Works designed solely for the purpose of setting forth the nature of the message of the primitive preaching of the church, and the forms of the preaching of the primitive message of the church, were woefully lacking. However, in recent years there has been a return to a discussion of this problem. This thesis seeks to provide a survey of some of the literature of this recent investigation of the kergyma of the New Testament.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:48:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSE CARLOS DE LIMA COSTA.pdf: 1220710 bytes, checksum: 098e2c0b33331f3dbe25bb857a94ee42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-21 / This work deals with the influence of the Old Testament prophetism on the actions and words of Jesus, as he is presented by the synoptic Gospels. The present research intends to demonstrate that in the presentation of the life and teaching of Jesus portrayed by the synoptics, the Nazarene partially breaks with most of the religious movements of his time and reclaims ancient prophetic traditions available to him in the TaNaK. Initially, a bibliographical research shall undertake a biblicotheological revision, aiming at understanding Israelite prophetism as presented in the Hebrew Bible. Then, a bibliographical and exegetical study will be done in the principal synoptic texts which present Jesus‟ prophetic praxis. The investigation shall focus on the image of Jesus as seen in the synoptic gospels, in their canonical form. In the final stage, the data of both researches will be analyzed and compared with each other. The common points observed between Old Testament prophetism and Jesus‟ praxis shall be carefully analyzed, in order to establish possible influences. The research‟s final report is made up of three parts: First, according to the synoptic presentation, it becomes clear that Jesus saw himself as a prophet of God, an impression shared by those who knew him; second, so as to understand better this influence, a further investigation of Israelite prophetism is done, as this tradition is presented in the Hebrew Bible; third, an investigation is undertaken of both the deeds and the preaching of Jesus, identifying possible influences that Old Testament prophetism might have exerted upon his actions and words. Finally, this work deals with the implications of prophetic influence on the praxis represented by Jesus. / Este trabalho se propõe a abordar a influência do profetismo veterotestamentário nas ações e palavras de Jesus, conforme a apresentação feita dele nos Evangelhos Sinóticos. A pesquisa pretende demonstrar que na apresentação da vida e ensinos de Jesus feita pelos sinóticos, o Nazareno rompe parcialmente com os principais movimentos religiosos de seu tempo e retoma antigas tradições proféticas, as quais lhe estavam disponíveis na TaNaK. O trabalho consistirá, inicialmente, de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, através da qual se fará um estudo bíblico-teológico, visando compreender o profetismo israelita conforme se apresenta na Bíblia Hebraica. Em seguida, será feito um levantamento bibliográfico e exegético nos principais textos Sinóticos que expressam a práxis profética de Jesus. A presente investigação focalizará a imagem de Jesus apresentada nos Evangelhos Sinóticos, em sua forma canônica. Na etapa final, os dados de ambas as pesquisas serão analisados e comparados. Os pontos comuns observados entre o profetismo veterotestamentário e a práxis de Jesus serão cuidadosamente analisados, a fim de se estabelecer possíveis influências. O relatório final da pesquisa compõe-se de três partes: Primeiramente, demonstra-se que, de acordo com a apresentação sinótica, tanto Jesus quanto aqueles que o conheceram, viram-no primeiramente como profeta de Deus; em seguida, a fim de se compreender melhor esta influência, procede-se com a investigação do profetismo israelita, conforme ele se apresenta na Bíblia Hebraica; por último, investiga-se tanto a atuação quanto a pregação de Jesus, identificando possíveis influências que o profetismo veterotestamentário possa ter exercido sobre suas ações e palavras. Finalizando, o trabalho aborda as implicações que a influência profética na práxis de Jesus representa.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:48:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA JOSE CARDOSO.pdf: 768659 bytes, checksum: 0246805567d2cef159025ef1c50e774b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-08 / The present research has as an objective to go further in the knowing of the liberating praxis of Jesus, based on two passages: Lc 4 14- 21 and Mt 9, 35-38. The Good News brought by Jesus consists mainly on the announcement of the kingdom of God here on earth, whose instauration happens in a special way, by inclusion/promotion of the poor and marginalized of society. In this context, can see that Jesus was profoundly moved by the Jewish spirituality centered on it Abba (Father), with whom he maintained bonds of intimate connection and harmony (verticality), as well as by the manifestation of pity and compassion for everyone that in any way or for any reason, found themselves on the margin of society (horizontality). Therefore, knowing the liberating praxis of Jesus, while having the gospels as a starting point, is a prior condition to the living of an authentic Christian spirituality today, which includes a special attention to the poor and marginalized, as well as the relativization of material assets in favor of the values of God s kingdom, which may give life in abundance. Thus, defend the premises that the start of an authentic Christian spirituality must be founded on the liberating praxis of Jesus which encompasses the connection with the transcendent as well as the relationship with people; this is how we really evidence the conquest of the values of God s kingdom taught by Jesus. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo aprofundar o conhecimento acerca da práxis libertadora de Jesus a partir de duas perícopes: Lc 4,14-21 e Mt 9,35-38. A Boa Nova trazida por Jesus consiste principalmente no anúncio do Reino de Deus aqui na terra, cuja instauração acontece de modo especial por meio da inclusão/promoção dos pobres e marginalizados da sociedade. Nesse contexto, percebe-se que Jesus foi profundamente movido pela espiritualidade judaica, centrada no seu Abbá (Pai), com quem mantinha laços de íntima ligação e sintonia (verticalidade), bem como pela manifestação da misericórdia e compaixão (horizontalidade) para com todas as pessoas que de alguma forma ou por algum motivo encontravam-se à margem da sociedade. Portanto, conhecer a práxis libertadora de Jesus, tendo como ponto de partida os Evangelhos, torna-se prérequisito para a vivência de uma autêntica espiritualidade cristã hoje, o que inclui uma atenção especial para os pobres e marginalizados, bem como a relativização dos bens materiais em prol dos valores do Reino de Deus, que podem dar vida em abundância. Dessa forma, defende-se a premissa de que o despontar de uma autêntica espiritualidade cristã deve estar fundamentada na práxis libertadora de Jesus, que engloba tanto a ligação com o transcendente, como também a relacionalidade com as pessoas, lugar este, onde se evidencia realmente a concretude dos valores do Reino de Deus ensinados por Jesus.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ma1a145.pdf: 1856786 bytes, checksum: ddcffb826ac74f4719db5da637f6e2c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research is about Memory and Identity in the Synoptic Gospels, in the view of Mk 2.23-28, Mt 12.1-8 and Lk 6.1-5, that read the conflict between Jesus and the Pharisees, about Plucking of the Grain on the Sabbath. We try the demonstrate that the Gospels narratives are indiciary of the communities identity that generate them, in the Greek-roman World, that orality and textuality has the same influence. Therefore, will study the colletive memory as oral tradition formative, as well the orality and textuality relation in Synoptic Gospels narratives and memories. The choice of the pericope is justified by the texts indicate a identity linked to Judaic culture, in that the Sabbath was a most important identity symbol of the Judaism of 1th Century. In this way the Protochristians communities has arguments to defend of accusations and in the same time define boundaries to insert their place in relation to other intrajudaic groups. Finally, in the elaboration of this document, each community choice a specific literary genre, closer to text purpose. In this way is possible identify which Gospel is closer to Judaic environment and which them is so far. In their narratives, the Evangelists want affirm whom is Jesus to the community as well, establishing his messianic identity. In the specific pericope, the most important logia is that affirm Jesus Son of Man as Lord of the Sabbath. Jesus assumes the community prototype, while the Pharisees, Jesus opponents, assume the role of their that dont have any concerned about the neighbor, try the justify themselves by the strict observance of the mosaic Law. / Esta pesquisa versa sobre memória e identidade nos Evangelhos Sinóticos, à luz de Mc 2.23-28, Mt 12.1-8 e Lc 6.1-5, que trata do conflito entre Jesus e os fariseus sobre pegar espigas num campo em dia de Sábado. Procura-se demonstrar que as narrativas dos evangelhos são indiciárias da identidade das comunidades que as geraram, no mundo greco-romano, onde oralidade e textualidade tinham a mesma influência. Para tanto, será estudada a memória coletiva como formadora da tradição oral, bem como da relação entre oralidade e textualidade nas narrativas e memórias dos Evangelhos Sinóticos. A escolha da perícope se justifica pelos textos indicarem uma identidade vinculada à cultura judaica, onde o Sábado era um dos marcos identitários mais importantes dos judaísmos do séc. 1 d.C. Desse modo as comunidades protocristãs tinham argumentos para se defender de acusações e ao mesmo tempo estabelecer fronteiras para definir o seu lugar em relação aos demais grupos intrajudaicos. Por fim, na elaboração de seu documento, cada comunidade optou por um gênero literário específico, mais adequado ao objetivo de seu texto. Torna-se possível, desse modo, identificar qual Evangelho está mais vinculado ao ambiente judaico e qual deles está mais distante. Em suas narrativas, os evangelistas desejam afirmar também quem é Jesus para a comunidade, estabelecendo assim sua identidade messiânica. Na perícope em questão, o dito mais importante é o que afirma que Jesus o Filho do Homem - é Senhor do Sábado. Jesus passa a ser o protótipo da comunidade, enquanto os fariseus, adversários de Jesus, passam a representar aqueles não tem qualquer preocupação com o próximo, tentando se justificar pela observância rigorosa da Lei mosaica.

Por amor, só por amor: uma hermenêutica de gênero a partir de novas masculinidades em Mateus 1,18-25, apresenta José, o esposo de Maria, com seu corpo de homem construído em meio às relações androcráticas, androcêntricas, patriarcais, hegemônicas e dominantes da Palestina do primeiro século, mas que sonha com novas e outras relações, gerando um novo olhar sobre o texto a partir das masculinidades. Usando a metodologia da leitura popular da Bíblia, o ponto de partida é o corpo de homens, com suas perguntas sobre as construções da masculinidade hegemônica e das masculinidades e como estas construções resistem ou perpetuam um sistema que oprime os seres humanos e a Terra. Em seguida, pergunta-se pelo corpo de José no texto, para tanto toma-se emprestadas as categorias de gênero das teorias feministas, especialmente a desconstrução e reconstrução dos imaginários de gênero na vida do texto, mostra- se José nomeando e gerando uma masculinidade alternativa a partir da situação de discriminação e perigo vivida por Maria, grávida de Jesus. José, a partir do silêncio, do sonho, nomeia Jesus, Maria em sua plena dignidade e assim a partir da interpretação da comunidade mateana as pessoas empobrecidas. Há um vínculo entre a situação de Maria, empobrecida, e a do próprio José, re-interpretando sua masculinidade. Esta perícope se insere dentro da tradição do Evangelho da Infância de Jesus da comunidade de Mateus, para tanto este texto traz o processo de debate da questão sinótica. Enfim, é um texto que propõe um desafio novo de aprendizagem de hermenêutica bíblica a partir das masculinidades na construção das relações de espiritualidade ecumênica e ecológica de um outro mundo possível! / For love, only for love: a gender hermeneutic starting from new masculinities in Matthew 1:18-25 presents Joseph, the husband of Mary, with his man body, constructed amid of androcratic, androcentric, patriarchal, hegemonic and dominant relationships of first century‟s Palestine, but dreaming of new and different relationships. Thus it offers, from the viewpoint of masculinities, a new look at a familiar text. According to the methodology employed, i.e. the popular Bible interpretation, the analysis starts from the body of men with its inquiries about the construction of hegemonic masculinity and different masculinities, namely their aspects of gender and sexuality, and about the manner in which these constructions are signified, and resist against or perpetuate a system that oppresses the human beings and the Earth. Next, the analysis asks for Joseph's body in the text. By borrowing gender categories from feminist theories, especially the deconstruction and reconstruction of the gender imaginary present in the life of the text, Joseph is shown as naming and generating an alternative masculinity, starting from the situation of discrimination and danger lived by Mary, pregnant with Jesus. Out of his silence and his dream, Joseph names Jesus and Mary in their full dignity and thus according to the interpretation frame set by the Matthean community the impoverished people. There is a link between the situation of Mary who is impoverished, and the situation of Joseph himself who is re-interpreting his masculinity. Being a part of traditions of the Infancy Gospel handed down by the Matthean community, this pericope also concerns the ongoing debate of the synoptic question. Finally, it is a text that sets up the new challenge of learning biblical hermeneutic from the viewpoint of masculinities, by constructing relationships of ecumenical and ecological spirituality of another world that is possible!

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:25:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2513.pdf: 1263322 bytes, checksum: 12fa2118051d4bec45c62b2cd5403f2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-17 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The present work examine, historically, all the Brazilian period republican observing practical of advantages politics that had been present in the sphere politic to analyze the performance of the gospel members of the house legislative of São Paulo. The choice of the members with religious filiation was given in reason of the expressive increase of evangelicals, temples and visibility of the gospels. The objective of the work is to verify where measured the clientelism it is present in the analyzed group and of that forms this practical if differentiates of the definite clientelist relation for specific literature. For in such a way, the Projects of Law had been analyzed presented by the group during two mandates, understood between the years of 1999 and 2006, taking in consideration categories defined for the authoress of the work. The study it demonstrates that, even so the clientelism is practical current between these politicians, it operates in the direction of attainment of recognition for the religious ones as well as, for the on entities to the denominations of which there are members. And, operates not more in the geographic level, or either, of electoral redoubts as the traditional clientelism when benefiting cities or regions as a whole. This is clearly when comparing the result of the clientelist exchange in the form of fidelization of the vote that is, basically, the electoral success. / O presente trabalho percorre, historicamente, todo o período republicano brasileiro observando as práticas de favorecimento político que estiveram presentes na esfera política para analisar a atuação dos deputados evangélicos da Assembléia Legislativa de São Paulo. A escolha dos deputados com filiação religiosa deu-se em razão do aumento expressivo de fiéis, templos e visibilidade dos pentecostais. O objetivo do trabalho é verificar em que medida o clientelismo está presente no grupo analisado e de que forma essa prática se diferencia da relação clientelista definida pela literatura específica. Para tanto, foram analisados os Projetos de Lei apresentados pelo grupo durante dois mandatos, compreendidos entre os anos de 1999 e 2006, levando em consideração categorias definidas pela autora do trabalho. O estudo demonstra que, embora o clientelismo seja prática corrente entre esses políticos, ele opera no sentido de obtenção de reconhecimento para os religiosos assim como, para as entidades ligadas às denominações das quais fazem parte. E, opera não mais no nível geográfico, ou seja, de redutos eleitorais como o clientelismo tradicional ao beneficiar cidades ou regiões como um todo. Isso fica claro ao comparar o resultado da troca clientelista na forma de fidelização do voto que é, basicamente, o êxito eleitoral.

The Bible is the most translated book in the world. Such popularity and importance conquered by the Bible became perennial, making the stories told in its books perpetuate on social relations, interact with its readers and even guide them in the way of acting and/or thinking in relation to the values of life, to things and people. From this point and considering that language, besides having the socialization function, allows representing the world, ourselves and others, this study presents the analysis of 21 texts that make up the four Gospels of the New Testament. The language of these texts is studied in order to highlight representations for women by the transitivity system and the attitude subsystem. Therefore, the fundamental theoretical assumptions used are the notion of genre and register by Martin and Rose (2012), the concept of contextual variables by Halliday (1989), the lexico-grammatical categories of the transitivity system of Systemic Functional Grammar by Halliday and Matthiessen (2004), the semantic categories of Appraisal System by Martin and White (2005). The results show that concerning gender the Gospels can be considered biographical accounts, since they are testimonies of episodes from the life of Jesus Christ in the first century. In relation to the contextual variables, the analysis showed similarities and differences with regard to social situations of production of the Gospels in the context of each author. With regard to the linguistic analysis, the lexico-grammatical functions and the affectionand judgment marks point to eight representations for women. In the voices of the Pharisees, scribes, Sadducees and Evangelists, women are represented as properties, sinful, adulterous and discriminated. In the voices of the Evangelists and Jesus Christ, we noticed representations of them as partners, humble, devoted and courageous women. / A Bíblia é o livro mais traduzido do mundo. Tamanha popularidade e importância tornaram-na perene, fazendo com que as histórias contadas em seus livros perpetuem-se nas relações sociais, interajam com seus leitores e até mesmo os guiem na forma de agir e/ou pensar em relação aos valores da vida, às coisas e às pessoas. Partindo disso e considerando que a linguagem, além de apresentar a função de socialização dos indivíduos, possibilita fazer representações acerca do mundo, de nós mesmos e dos outros, este estudo apresenta a análise de 21 textos que compõem os quatro Evangelhos do Novo Testamento. A linguagem desses textos é estudada com o objetivo de evidenciar representações para as mulheres por meio da análise do sistema de transitividade e do subsistema de atitude. Para isso, os pressupostos teóricos fundamentais utilizados são as noções de gênero e registro de Martin e Rose (2012), as variáveis contextuais de Halliday (1989), categorias léxico-gramaticais do sistema de transitividade da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional de Halliday e Matthiessen (2004) e categorias semânticas do Sistema da Avaliatividade de Martin e White (2005). Os resultados evidenciam que, no que tange ao gênero, os Evangelhos podem ser considerados relatos biográficos, pois são testemunhos sobre episódios da vida de Jesus Cristo no século I. Em relação às variáveis contextuais, a análise apresentou semelhanças e diferenças no que se refere às situações sociais de produção dos Evangelhos no contexto de cada autor. No que diz respeito à análise linguística, as funções léxico-gramaticais desempenhadas e as marcas de afeto e julgamento apontam oito representações para as mulheres. Nas vozes dos fariseus, escribas, saduceus e evangelistas, as mulheres são representadas como posses, pecadoras, adúlteras e discriminadas. Nas vozes dos evangelistas e de Jesus Cristo, foram evidenciadas representações de companheiras, humildes, devotas e corajosas.

M.A. / This work is aimed at dealing with the demand for the new ethos as proclaimed by the New Testament synoptic in view of the African context or perspective. The synoptic give a code of values by which the Christian church should live. The synoptic ethos is Jesus' ethos. Every nation and community is characterised by certain values of conduct. As a church we are also confronted by moments of decision making. This script is therefore attempting to answer or question the level of credibility taken at some point in life. Ethics which is a science of moral behaviour and principles of conduct , tells us that there is an expected way of behaviour from every individual in society. The question is when , when do we say that this is right , and when do we say this is wrong ? However, this script is not aimed at necessarily dealing with ethics in general. I have narrowed my subject to focus on the Kingdom ethos reflected in the synoptic. The only issue that one need to take into consideration is that all ethics have sources. The problem that existed in proclaiming Kingdom ethics has been religion. This script shows that religion and ethics are so interwoven that one cannot separate them. It is impossible for one to speak about one's moral behaviour and not include his religion. Religion tells people what to say and what not, what to eat and what not , where to go and what people to associate with and not. Religion and ethics are integrated in such w way that one cannot do without the other. One cannot speak about ethics outside religion. The ethos of the Jews came from their monotheistic religion, with the Law of Moses. Jesus' ethics came from His focus on the Kingdom which was both present and future. This shows again the problem of religion in Africa. African ethics have been drawn mostly from their own cultures , customs and religion. Jesus' Kingdom ethics, which is God centred, helps to show that all other sources are not relevant sources. Many church leaders in Africa are calling for an African religion and criticising the missionaries for having brought Western religion. The Kingdom ethics show how that it is not Western or African religion that matters much , all we need is the Christian religion and Jesus' ethos of the Kingdom. Finally the church is expected to play its role of reconciling this divided world. The purpose of the church is man, his human dignity and his right to develop himself in freedom. Jesus commanded the church to love, hence it is the duty of the church to be the prophetic voice of God in this confused generation. The ethics demanded by Jesus are practical and possible. We need God's mercy and grace to be real ambassadors of the Kingdom of God. As a church we have a responsibility. We need to move away from syncretism and serve God alone.