Humans use their hands on a daily basis, and they are a fundamental part of our lives both in terms of our work and our everyday activities. One of the key things that our hands allow us to do is grab onto objects. Unfortunately however, sometimes this ability to grab onto things becomes weakened, for example due to old age or diseases such as arthritis. This project was aimed to see if mechatronic engineering could be implemented to remedy this problem, while maintaining good accessibility and design. The resulting solution was a glove with pressure sensors and an integrated pulley system, which would provide a pulling force on the fingers and allow the user to get a reinforced grip on objects. A key factor in this design was to provide adequate function, without compromising form, i.e making the glove easy to wear and not clunky. The resulting glove provided substantial support to the test subjects grip strength, and presented a valid way to counteract their weekend state. However, the form was still considered too clunky and not efficient enough to warrant daily use. For future work, alternative pulley systems might be a valid option to slim down the glove and make it more accessible. Collaborating with people from the mechatronics industry, specifically those geared towards human augmentation, may also be beneficial to those with lacking experience or connections in the subject area. Conducting research specifically about what is considered “easy to use” may also be necessary to further solidify any changes in design. / Människor använder sina händer vardagligen, och de är en fundamental del av våra liv vad gäller både vardagssysslor och arbete. En av de viktigaste funktionerna våra händer utgör är att de tillåter oss att greppa tag i saker. Tyvärr händer det dock att denna förmåga försvagas exempelvis på grund av ålder eller sjukdomar såsom artros. Detta projekt var ämnat att se om en mekatronisk lösning kunde användas för att åtgärda detta problem, utan att göra uppoffringar vad gäller enkel design och tydlig form. Resultatet var en handske med trycksensorer och en integrerad motor som erbjöd en dragande kraft i fingrarna och ett förstärkt grepp. Den resulterande handsken erbjöd tillfredsställande support till testpersonerna greppstyrka och visade sig vara en rimlig lösning på de problem som individens artros ställt till med. Dessvärre ansågs formen fortfarande lite för otymplig och svårhanterad för att tillfredsställa önskemålen i den aspekten. För fortsatt arbete kan en annorlunda integration av motorn vara ett rimligt alternativ för att slimma ner handsken. Samarbete med företag inom robotik och mänskliga proteser kan också vara gynnsamt, speciellt för de med liten erfarenhet eller med fåtal kontakter inom testområdet. Tydligare efterforskning på vad som är “enkelt att använda” kan också leda designen i en bättre riktning.

Cette thèse se propose de montrer comment les interactions vont influer sur le système complexe de communication d'une formation à distance, et en dévoiler les limites. L'objectif général est de montrer que, dans ce système, il est possible d'expliquer l'abandon par les pertes de prises qui se dessinent dans la dynamique entre les représentations et les communications des acteurs, et que certaines limites du système favorisent ces pertes de prise. La finalité de cette thèse est de cerner ces limites pour définir une catégorie d'abandon communicationnel. Cette recherche qualitative s'appuie sur la théorie de la communication pragmatique de Palo Alto, pour analyser les interactions entre les acteurs, et sur la théorie des représentations sociales, pour traduire en images l'évolution des représentations sur une année. Le concept de « prise » relie la situation communicationnelle à l'abandon. Il permet de confronter les repères communs aux acteurs et leurs perceptions personnelles des situations vécues, pour rendre compte de leur moyen d'agir et de s'engager. / The purpose of this thesis is to show how interactions can influence a complex system of distance training communication, and reveal its limits. The main aim is to show that dropping out can be explained by loss of grips from the representations and communication dynamics of involved actors, and how some limits of the system favor this loss of grips. The end purpose of this thesis is to number these limits by defining a category of communicational drop out. This qualitative research is based on the Palo Alto theory of pragmatic communication, to analyze interactions between actors, as well as the theory of social representations by translating the evolution of representations into images, over one year. The concept of “grip” creates a link between communicational events and dropping out. It confronts actors' shared landmarks with their personal perception of lived events, which in turn, accounts for their level of commitment and action.

Title: Algometric analysis of influence of crimp grip on soft tissues of hand and forearm. Objectives: The main aim of this thesis is comparison and evaluation of changes of nociceptors sensitivity treshold in chosen points of upper extremities area before and after defined strain using pressure algometer. Methods: Data for the experiment was obtained using pressure algometr. Pain threshold was measured in defined 42 points in the order given at each subject firstly before strain and again immediately after defined strain of upper extremities (one minute hangig by the both hands in crimp grip on a campus board in this way: 10 sec strain plus 10 sec break, all six times). Then were measured values statisticaly analysed. Sources for processing of theoretical part of this work were obtained from expert articles and literature which follow up the given task. Results: Statisticaly important results show, that decreasing of pain threshold (on average by 100 - 160 kPa) comes about in tissues of upper extremity immediately after its loading in crimp grip, which means increasing of nociceptors sensitivity. At the same time it has been proved that nociceptors sensitivity in the area of tendon pulleys correlates with frequency of their injury quoted in a literature (that is the highest sensitivity in the...

The aim of this study was to develop methodics of occupational therapy for patients with moelectric prosthesis, which is used by patients with amputation of upper limbs as well as patients with congenital problems. In the Czech republic there are no complex methodics about occupational therapy and myoelectric prosthesis, despite the huge mount of foreign studies of this topic. Myoelectric prosthesis uses the principle of sensing myoelectrical signals which are then transformed to the motor output in the terminal portion of the prosthesis. Occupational therapy intervention begins at the preprosthetic phase, the occupational therapist assesses the general potential for the use of myoelectric prosthesis and picks up myoelectric signals from the stump. In interprosthetic phase occupational therapist is dedicated to the training of activities of daily living with myoelectric prosthesis and training residual stump on the basis of myotest. The phase after prosthetic content of occupational therapy evaluation and assessment, which focus on patients ability of myoelectric control and prosthesis involvement in activities of daily living and training of grip. Within the training of grip, occupational therapist is dedicated to training proper grip within the pace, grip strength and targeted movements. The...

Biomimetic tactile sensing was previously mostly performed in medical situations, such as when locating tumors in patients’ bodies. This thesis examined the effectiveness of using a biomimetic tactile sensory equipment for examining pressure distribution throughout carton board packages, made in two different carton board qualities. The purpose was to examine to what extent biomimetic tactile sensing was able to mimic the results of a group of human test subjects evaluations. Eight packages, made from two different materials, were tested. There were four packages of each of the materials. Each package had four points where displacement measurements with a force of 6N were conducted. The packages were then measured twice on a single point on the edge of the package, with the force of 12N.  The packages at disposal were compressed using a uniaxial-tensile-testing machine alongside with the aforementioned equipment. The pressure sensitive film was placed on top of the packages and a limit on the maximum force to be applied was set on the testing machine. Two limits on the applied forces were set, the first to see the distribution of pressure within the range of elastic deformation, so that no lasting deformation would have occurred. The second force limit was set to see the moment where the elastic deformation area transformed into the plastic deformation area, to see whether or not there was a difference in the distribution of pressure pre- or post-plastic deformation. From the results from compression tests, it was clear that there was a difference in pressure distribution before and after the plastic deformation had occurred. The experimental diagrams showed that the curves were vastly different in both cases. It was also clear that there was a significant difference in the distribution of pressure, depending on if the pressure was applied closer to the middle compared to closer to the center of the package (single vs multiple concentration of forces, respectively). Inspecting results from packages made in both carton board qualities, there were no clear results as the same trends could be seen throughout the tests.  It was concluded that the BioTac could be used to accurately identify concentrations of forces, differences in pressure distribution and the location of deformation. This means that the BioTac will be useful in future experiments, when objectively evaluating and defining grip stiffness, with the help of methods such as the finite-element method. / Biomimetiskt taktilt avkännande var något som tidigare mestadels utfördes för medicinala syften, såsom för att lokalisera tumörer i patienters kroppar. Detta examensarbete undersökte effektiviteten av att använda en biomimetisk taktil avkännare för att granska tryckfördelningen genom kartongförpackningar, gjorda av material från två olika kartongkvaliteter. Totalt åtta förpackningar, gjorda av två olika material, provades. Det var fyra av varje materialtyp. Varje förpackning mättes på fyra punkter med 6N och sedan två gånger på samma punkt med 12N. Förpackningarna till förfogande trycktes ihop med en enaxlad drag- och tryckprovare samt den tidigare nämnda avkännaren. En tryckkänslig film användes mellan avkännaren och förpackningen för att tydligt se tryckfördelningen på alla förpackningarna. Två gränser på den maximala tillåtna kraften upprättades i tryckmaskinen, 6N och 12N. Den lägre nivån sattes för att undersöka tryckfördelningen inom det elastiska deformationsområdet, utan att en kvarstående plastisk deformation uppstått. Den högre gränsen sattes för att undersöka skedet där det elastiska deformationsområdet övergår till det plastiska. Båda gränsvärdena valdes för att undersöka om det gick att urskilja en skillnad i tryckfördelningen innan och efter plastisk deformation, eller inte.  Från resultaten av dessa kompressionstest var det tydligt att det fanns en skillnad i tryckfördelning före och efter den plastiska deformationen uppstått. De uppställda diagrammen visade att kurvorna var mycket annorlunda i båda fallen. Det var, dessutom, relativt tydligt att det fanns en skillnad i tryckfördelning beroende av om trycket var applicerat närmre mitten av paketet jämfört med om det var applicerat närmre kanten av paketet (enskilda kraftkoncentrationer vid mitten av förpackningarna och multipla koncentrationer vid kanten av förpackningarna). Genom att undersöka resultat från förpackningar gjorda av båda kartongkvaliteter, upptäcktes ingen tydlig skillnad i förpackningarna, då liknande trender uppstod i båda materialen. Slutsatsen drogs att BioTac kunde användas för att finna kraftkoncentrationer, skillnader i tryckfördelning, samt området för deformation. Detta betyder att BioTac-sensorn kan vara nyttig vid framtida experiment, för att objektivt utvärdera och definiera greppstyvhet, med metoder som finita-element-metoden.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:23:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marta I V Andrade.pdf: 1042992 bytes, checksum: 4667b810c3cd428f39ff87e1357a4645 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-02 / BACKGROUND: Protein energy wasting commonly occur in patients with chronic kidney disease. Changes in muscle function arise even before changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters.Thus, a method for evaluating muscle function and strength becomes essential for these patients. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the handgrip strength (HGS) and its association with nutritional status of patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted between May and July/2011. The sample included 90 patients, 48.8% male and 51.2% female. The HGS was performed three times with a hydraulic hand dynamometer (Takei) in the arm without fistula. For each patient were considered the best strength measure. Values lower than percentile 10 were considered as low HGS. The nutritional status diagnosis was given by Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). RESULTS: The average age was 52 ± 14.7 years. The hypertensive nephrosclerosis was the most frequent cause of chronic kidney disease (31.1%). The average HGS was among 32.0 ± 8.7kgf in men and 20.7 ± 6.1kgf in women (p<0.001). 11.3% of men and 21.7% of woman were classified as moderatey malnourished by SGA, 31.8% and 34.8% of men and women, respectively, were classified with low muscle function. Low HGS was associated with time on hemodialysis for men and showed good sensitivity (73.3%) and specificity (74.7%) for malnutrition diagnosis. In multiple logistic regression analysis, low-power handgrip strength prevalence was two times higher (PR =2.00, 95% CI: 1.19 to 3.34) for patients classified as moderate malnourished by SGA. CONCLUSION: This study showed high prevalence of low muscle function and good association between HGS and SGA in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis classified by dynamometry. It is suggested that HGS, an inexpensive and noninvasive measurement, can be used in clinical practice as a screening tool of nutritional status. It is sensitive for malnutrition diagnosis. / INTRODUÇÃO: A desnutrição energética proteica é frequente nos pacientes com doença renal crônica. As alterações da função do músculo surgem antes das modificações dos parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos. Assim, torna-se importante um método para avaliar a função e força muscular. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a força de aperto de mão e sua associação com estado nutricional de pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado em maio a julho de 2011. Foram incluídos no total 90 pacientes. A Força de Aperto de Mão (FAM) foi realizada três vezes com dinamômetro hidráulico no braço sem a fístula. Considerou o melhor desempenho da medida da FAM. Os valores menores que o percentil 10 foram considerados como baixa FAM, de acordo com ponto de corte proposto para população para população de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O diagnóstico do estado nutricional foi realizado por meio da Avaliação Subjetiva Global (ASG). RESULTADOS: Do total da amostra 48,8% eram do sexo masculino e 51,2% do sexo feminino. A média de idade foi 52±14,7 anos. A nefroesclerose hipertensiva foi a causa mais frequente de doença renal crônica (31,1%). A FAM média entre os homens foi de 32,0 ± 8,7kgf e entre as mulheres 20,7 ± 6,1kgf (p=<0,001). Pela classificação da ASG, 11,3% dos homens e 21,7% das mulheres foram classificados como desnutridos moderados; 31,8% e 34,8% dos homens e mulheres, respectivamente, foram classificados com baixa força de aperto de mão. Os homens com maior tempo em hemodiálise apresentaram baixa FAM. A sensibilidade (73,3%) e especificidade (74,7%) da FAM para o diagnóstico de desnutrição foi adequada. Na regressão logística múltipla a prevalência de baixa força de aperto de mão foi duas vezes maior (RP=2,00; IC95%: 1,19-3,34) para os pacientes classificados com desnutrição moderada pela ASG. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo mostrou alta frequência de baixa FAM e associação da FAM com a ASG em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise. Sugere-se que a FAM, uma medida barata e não invasiva, possa ser usada na prática clínica como ferramenta de triagem do estado nutricional, pois apresenta boa capacidade de predizer a desnutrição.

The primary, descriptive aim of this dissertation was to describe the nighttime sleep quality of previously mechanically ventilated older adult patients within 24-48 hours of transfer out of the intensive care unit (ICU) to a medical-surgical floor. The secondary, exploratory aim was to examine the relationships between post-ICU sleep efficiency (SE) and wake after sleep onset (WASO) with grip strength in previously mechanically ventilated older adult patients within 24-48 hours of transfer out of the ICU. The study included 30 adults ages 65 and older (11 women, 19 men; age 71.37 ± 5.35, range 65-86 years), who were functionally independent at home prior to hospitalization, mechanically ventilated during their ICU stay, and were within 24-48 hours of transfer out of ICU to a medical-surgical floor at Tampa General Hospital, a level 1 trauma center. Subjects wore an actigraph monitor on the dominant wrist (Actiwatch Spectrum) to monitor sleep over two consecutive nights. Parameters of post-ICU sleep quality included total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep latency (SL), and number of awakenings (NA). The outcome measure of motor function was dominant hand grip strength, assessed by the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Motor Battery Grip Strength Test. Sleep data collected between nighttime hours (9:00 PM to 9:00 AM) on both nights were analyzed. For the descriptive aim, means for each sleep parameter and clinical characteristics were reported. For the exploratory aims, multiple regression analyses examined the individual associations between mean sleep parameters (SE and WASO) and grip strength. Study subjects had a mean SE of 63.24 ± 3.88% and spent 135.39 ± 9.94 minutes awake after sleep onset. The mean TST among subjects was 7.55 ± 2.52 hours, ranging from 2.02 to 10.84 hours of sleep, out of the 12 hours of total time in bed. A total of 6 (20%) subjects slept less than 5 hours each night, and a total of 6 (20%) subjects slept greater than 10 hours each night. The mean SL among study subjects was 42.57 minutes, and ranged from 0.0 to 237.75 minutes. Overall, subjects’ average NA was 78.28 ± 26.39, ranging from 35 to 136 awakenings. In multiple regression analysis, SE was significantly and negatively associated with grip strength, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. The model predictors explained 80.8% of the variance in grip strength, [R2 = .808, F(10, 15) = 6.324, p = .001]. Higher SE independently predicted worse grip strength (β = -0.326, p = .036). Further, among the tertiles of subjects with moderate or high TST (sleep duration ≥ 6 hours, n = 23), there remained a significant, negative association between SE and grip strength. The predictors explained 73.7% of the variance in grip strength, [R2 = .737, F(5, 15) = 8.416, p = .001]. Higher SE independently predicted worse grip strength among the subset of subjects with moderate or high sleep duration (β = -0.296, p = .046). Among the two quartiles of subjects with moderate-high or high WASO (≥ 120 minutes spent awake after sleep onset, n = 16), there was a significant, negative association between WASO and grip strength, after adjusting for covariates. The model indicated that the predictors explained 91.4% of the variance in grip strength [R2 = .914, F(6, 8) = 14.134, p = .001]. Greater WASO independently predicted worse grip strength (β = -0.276, p = .04). Finally, the effects of sex and preexisting obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on grip strength were individually examined. Higher SE independently predicted worse grip strength among male subjects (β = -0.353, p = .039), as did preexisting OSA (β = -0.493, p = .033). In summary, objectively measured sleep quality was disturbed among previously mechanically ventilated, hospitalized older adults, even after transfer out of ICU to a medical-surgical floor. Longer TST and greater SE predicted worse grip strength among these frail patients who were previously independent, community dwelling older adults. Among the subjects with more severely fragmented sleep, WASO also independently predicted weaker grip strength. As poor grip strength is an indicator of ICU-acquired weakness, optimal sleep duration and less sleep disturbances may be crucial in prevention of worse functional outcomes and new institutionalization. Additional research is needed to discern the temporality of associations between sleep quality and motor function among older adult survivors of critical illness.

L'analyse des éléments traces dans les carottes de glace profondes provenant des régions polaires apportent de précieuses informations environnementales sur les sources naturelles de ces éléments, le transport longue distance de ces éléments et les mécanismes de dépôts des aérosols au cours du Quaternaire récent (les dernières centaines de milliers d'années). Dans cette étude, nous avons mesuré de nombreux éléments traces (Li, Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, As, Rb Sr, Cd, Ba, Ir, Pt, Hg (incluant MeHg et Hg2+), Pb (et les isotopes du Pb), Bi et U) dans diverses sections de trois carottes de glace profondes qui ont été forées en Antarctique et au Groenland dans le cadre de programmes internationaux: la carotte de Dome C/EPICA (derniers -220,000 ans), la carotte de Vostok (derniers -410,000 ans) et la carotte de GRIP (derniers -100,000 ans). Les analyses ont été réalisées en salle blanche par spectrométrie de masse à secteur magnétique couplée à un plasma induit (ICP-SFMS), par spectrométrie de masse à ionisation thermique (TIMS) et par spectrométrie de masse à temps de vol couplée à un plasma induit. Les résultats obtenus pour Ir et Pt montrent des preuves des retombées passées des produits de vaporisation et de recondensation des poussières météoritiques, vers les carottes polaires. Les flux de retombées des dérivés de poussières météoritiques ont été utilisés pour estimer le taux d'accrétion passés des particules interplanétaires sur la planète Terre. Le but étant également d'identifier d'anciens changements de la circulation atmosphérique Antarctique telle qu'une plus forte subsidence vers le plateau Antarctique de l'Est au cours des périodes climatiques froides.

INTRODUCCIÓ L’abril de 2009 s’identifica un nou virus de la grip, l’A (H1N1) pdm09, en humans. El juny del mateix any, l’Organització Mundial de la Salut declara l’estat de pandèmia a nivell mundial. La malaltia pel nou virus va afectar centenars de nens al nostre medi durant la temporada 2009-2010. OBJECTIUS - Descriure l'espectre de malaltia per grip A (H1N1) pdm09 moderat i greu (aquells casos que requeriren ingrés en un hospital pediàtric de tercer nivell) en la població pediàtrica en el nostre medi. - Descriure la malaltia per grip A (H1N1) pdm09 en pacients pediàtrics en tractament per leucèmia limfàtica aguda, tant els ingressats com els que es va optar per tractar i seguir ambulatòriament. - Descriure els valors de càrrega viral de grip A (H1N1) pdm09 al moment del diagnòstic en relació amb variables epidemiològiques i clíniques en els pacients ingressats amb clínica respiratòria. PACIENTS I MÈTODES - Es dissenyen tres estudis amb recollida prospectiva de dades epidemiològiques, clíniques, analítiques i microbiològiques de nens amb malaltia confirmada amb detecció del material genètic del virus de la grip A (H1N1) pdm09 en aspirat nasofaringi. Els tres estudis es realitzen en un hospital pediàtric de tercer nivell (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona) i els resultats es presenten en la memòria d’aquesta tesi. La recollida de dades es porta a terme durant la temporada pandèmica 2009-2010. S'efectuen els procediments estadístics pertinents per al tractament de dades. RESULTATS - El perfil del nen ingressat amb malaltia per grip A (H1N1) pdm09 és el d'un nen prèviament sa preescolar o bé el d'un nen d'edat escolar amb malaltia de base. La dificultat respiratòria i la hipoxèmia són el motiu principal d'ingrés, encara que també s'observen manifestacions extrapulmonars (neurològiques i cardíaques principalment). Les malalties cròniques pulmonars i neurològiques són els grups més importants de pacients que tenen malaltia de base i que requereixen ingrés. D'entre ells, els pacients amb malalties neurològiques suposen el principal grup de malalties cròniques d'entre els que requereixen ingrés a la Unitat de Cures Intensives Pediàtriques (UCIP). En els pacients que requereixen ingrés en UCIP trobem un major temps d'evolució de la malaltia abans d'iniciar el tractament amb oseltamivir i aquest retard en l'inici del tractament antiviral es relaciona amb una major risc d'ingrés en UCIP en el model multivariant. - Els nens amb leucèmia limfàtica aguda en fases de tractament més intensiu presenten una malaltia per grip més greu (broncopneumònia). Els nens en tractament de manteniment no presenten cap complicació amb tractament amb oseltamivir. - Els valors de càrrega viral al diagnòstic es correlacionen negativament amb el temps de durada de la clínica en el moment de fer la recollida de la mostra. Tenir una càrrega viral alta havent passat 5 o més dies des de l'inici de la clínica es relaciona amb un major risc de malaltia greu per grip A (H1N1) pdm09 (necessitat de tractament amb ventilació mecànica invasiva o no invasiva). / “INFLUENZA A(H1N1)PDM09: MODERATE AND SEVERE DISEASE IN THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT. VIRAL LOAD AT DIAGNOSIS AS A BIOMARKER OF SEVERITY.” TEXT: INTRODUCTION A new influenza virus was identified in April 2009 in humans. The influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 disease affected hundreds of children in our country during the pandemic season (2009-2010). OBJECTIVES - To describe the moderate and severe influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 disease (cases requiring for admission in a tertiary pediatric hospital) in children of our setting. - To describe the influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 disease in pediatric patients with acute lymphatic leukemia. - To describe the influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 viral load values at diagnosis in hospitalized children with respiratory symptoms and their relations with epidemiological and clinical variables. PATIENTS AND METHODS - Three different studies were designed and their results are presented. The studies were performed in a tertiary pediatric hospital (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona). Data collection was carried out during the pandemic season (2009-2010) in children with confirmed infection with a real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS - A previously healthy infant or a school-aged patient with underlying disease was the profile of the hospitalized child with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 infection. Respiratory distress and hypoxemia were the main reasons for admission, although extrapulmonary manifestations were also observed (mainly neurological and cardiac). Children with chronic pulmonary diseases or with neurological disorders were the most important groups of patients with an underlying disease of those who required hospitalization. Patients with neurological chronic diseases more often required admission to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Delays in starting treatment with oseltamivir were associated with an increased risk of admission to PICU in a multivariate model. - Children with acute lymphatic leukemia in intensive treatment phases developed a more severe influenza disease. Children in maintenance treatment phase had not complications. All of them were treated with oseltamivir. - The values of viral load at diagnosis were correlated negatively with the duration of the symptoms at the moment of sampling. To have a high viral load after 5 or more days of the onset of clinical symptoms was associated with an increased risk of severe illness (requiring for mechanical ventilation) due to influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 infection.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe atlikta mokslo darbų, skirtų automobilio rato sąveikai su skirtingos būklės ir savybių kelio danga tyrimams analizė. Atlikti eksperimentiniai tyrimai, kurių metu ištirti temperatūros pokyčiai ratui sąveikaujant su kelio danga ir jų įtaka sankybio rodikliams. Surinkti, susisteminti, statistiškai apdoroti ir išanalizuoti 2011 ir 2012 metais išmatuoto valstybinės reikšmės kelių naujos asfalto dangos ir rato sukibimo koeficiento duomenys. Pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, mokslo darbų analizė, eksperimentiniai automobilio rato sukibimo su kelio danga parametrų tyrimai, valstybinės reikšmės kelių naujos asfalto dangos ir rato sukibimo koeficiento tyrimas ir vertinimas, išvados, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 65 p. teksto be priedų, 46 iliustr., 10 lent., 32 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / In this master thesis is performed a research studies analysis about car wheel and road interaction . Car wheel interaction with road pavement tests were performed and temperature changes which affect grip is examined. Collected, structured and statistically analyzed 2011 and 2012 year wheel traction data. The conclusions is presented. The paper consists of six parts: introduction, analysis of scientific articles and studies, experimental study of car wheel grip with road surface parameters, new asphalt pavement grip research and evaluation, conclusions, references. Pages - 65 p. text, 46 pictures., 10 tables., 32 bibliographic sources. Appendixes.