Examensarbetet inom produktutveckling – konstruktion utfördes under perioden februari till juni 2013 och omfattar 15 högskolepoäng (C-nivå), och är den slutliga kursen inom högskoleingenjörsprogrammet Innovation och produktdesign. Examensarbetet behandlade problematiken kring produktionsanpassning och kostnadsoptimering av två stycken elektromagnetiska omrörare vid företaget ABB, Process Automation, Metallurgy i Västerås. Efter kontakt med handledaren från ABB, Jan-Erik Eriksson, påbörjades projektarbetet med att tillverkningsanpassa konstruktionen av produkterna ORD 43P och EM Stabilizer. För att åstadkomma kostnadsoptimerad och produktionsanpassad konstruktion tillämpade författarna följande produktutvecklingsverktyg: Design for Cost, Design for Manufacture och Design for Assembly. För att kontrollera att konstruktionen blev optimal, men också att den inte brister under belastning använde examensarbetarna det datorbaserade hållfasthetsverktyget finita elementmetoden i CAD-programmet SolidWorks. Val av komponenter baserades på komponenternas pris per kilo. För att välja det optimala materialet, det vill säga högsta hållfasthet till lägsta pris använde författarna materialdatabasprogrammet CES EduPack. De utvalda materialen från programmet kunde inte författarna påfinna som standard på marknaden, varför författarna ändrade strategi till att jämföra och välja material utifrån marknadsundersökning av standardmaterial hos leverantörer.   ORD 43Ps komponenter optimerades konstruktionsmässigt gentemot befintliga komponenter och härvstag och isolerplattor kostnadsreducerades markant. Komponenten stomme grundutförande undersöktes översiktligt.  Genom att produktutveckla komponenterna härvstag, isolerplattor och stomme grundutförande minskade kostnaderna för ORD 43P med 2,47 %.  Författarna ansåg att ORD 43Ps totala kostnader kan minska mellan 10-25 % eftersom många av dess komponenter är överdimensionerade och består av dyrare material än vad som krävs.  EM Stabilizer’s komponenter, lock och tryckluftsslang, utformades med optimal konstruktion och kostnadsreducerades.  Genom att produktutveckla komponenterna lock och tryckluftsslang minskade kostnaderna för EM Stabilizer med 1,3 %.  Författarna förmodar att EM Stabilizer’s kostnader kan minska, eftersom den är relativt ny på marknaden. ABB vill säkerställa att produkten uppnår sin garanterade livslängd genom att överdimensionera många av produktens komponenter och använda dyrare material än vad som är nödvändigt. / The thesis in product development – design was carried out between February and June 2013 and includes 15 credits (C-level), and is the final course of the Bachelor Program in Engineering, Innovation and Product Design.  The thesis dealt with the problem of adaptation to production and cost optimization of two pieces of electromagnetic stirrers at the company ABB, Process Automation, Metallurgy in Västerås. After contact with the supervisor from ABB, Jan-Erik Eriksson, the project work commenced to adapt the manufacturing design of the product ORD 43P and EM Stabilizer. To achieve cost-optimized production and production adapted design, the authors applied the following product development tools: Design for Cost, Design for Manufacture and Design for Assembly. To verify that the design was optimal, but also that it did not break during stress, the authors used the computer based module finite element method of the CAD program SolidWorks.  The selection of components was based on the component’s price per kilo.  To select the optimum material, that is high strength and affordable, the authors used the material database software CES EduPack. The materials selected from CES EduPack could not be found by the authors as standard material at the market. Therefore, the authors changed strategy to compare and select materials based on market research of standard materials with suppliers. The components of ORD 43P were optimized in terms of design in comparison with existing components coil bracket and insulation boards. They were also cost reduced significantly. The component frame base was examined briefly.  Through product development the components coil bracket, insulating boards and frame base the total cost of ORD 43P was reduced by 2,47 %.  The authors found that the total cost of ORD 43P could be reduced between 10-25 % as many of its components are oversized and made ​​of more expensive materials than needed.  The components of EM Stabilizer, cover and pneumatic hose, were designed with optimum design and was cost reduced.Through product development the components cover and pneumatic hose the costs of EM stabilizer were reduced by 1,3 %.  The authors assume that the costs of the EM Stabilizer can be reduced, because it is relatively new at the market. ABB want to ensure that the product reach its guaranteed life by over-sizing many of the components of the product and use more expensive material than necessary. / Kostnadssänkningsprojekt

This paper, on the identities shown in one of the cameos in Empress Josephine’s pearl and cameo diadem, has first of all focused on the mythological characters, and thereafter raised the question if these are to be seen as an allegory for people from the time. The process of identi-fication has followed the three levels in Panofsky’s method for analysing art, where the first and second levels consist of already known material from the Bernadotte Library, Royal Palace in Stockholm and the jeweller house of Chaumet (former Nitot et Fils) in Paris.                      To decipher both the mythological individuals and the possible allegories, that is the third level, the iconology itself, the thoughts and methods of  Göran Hermerén on the rise and fall of allegories along with Leora Auslander’s solutions using visuals comparisons, when no written material is available, have provided the academic framework for the study.                                When comparing the cameo with pieces of art from the time, the subject fits the description of the Roman mythology’s love goddess Venus and her son Cupid, the lovechild fathered by Mars. Moving on to allegories, well-known material shows that Emperor Napoleon was keen to be portrayed as the god of war Mars and Empress Josephine as Venus.  A portrait of special interest to the study, a rather private painting by Parent from 1807, which is probably still unknown to most people, shows how Josephine is depicted with a recently deceased grandchild, a young boy how was also the nephew of Napoleon’s, a close relative to them both, and in the line of  succession to the throne, while Napoleon still was Emperor. This picture has an expression which is close to the one of Venus and Cupid, and it is also made to look like a cameo. These portraits were known at the time when Napoleon gave the diadem to Josephine in 1809.                                                       Among portraits from the Napoleonic era, there has earlier only been one known painting, even if in two examples, where the diadem is shown. It is a miniature of Empress Josephine, a work from her final period at Malmaison, 1814. However, another miniature picturing the daughter Hortense in the very same piece of jewellery, from 1812, has now become known. In both these examples, the depicted cameo has a hight measuring only millimetres, why a discussion on the execution and the rendering has to be done with restraint. But in the daughter´s portrait there is a certain attempt to show the outlines of the central cameo that differs from the later painting of the Empress. This may be an indication of how much more important it was for the daughter to relay the picture of her mother and the memory of her son, in 1812, than it was for Josephine in 1814, after the divorce, probably after the fall of Napoleon too, when she was no longer his Venus, and there was no longer a throne for any of her grandsons to inherit.         Therefore, in short, the chosen methods give the answer that the mythology depicted is a scene of Venus and her son Cupid, and the allegorical interpretation of Venus is the Empress herself. The child in shape of Cupid here, may well be read as one of her daughter’s sons, at the time a much longed-for heir to the throne of Napoleon I.

When I studied to become a musician on my instruments violin and nyckelharpa at the Department of Folk Music at the Royal College of Music (KMH) in Stockholm. Musikhögskolan (KMH) in Stockholm, I wrote an artistic bachelor thesis in music. In the thesis, I made a style analysis between the Näck-tuned melodies of Tyska klockorna performed by Pelle Björnlert, Gustaf Wetter and Pär Näsbom. The analysis included a comparison between these fiddlers and musicians with history and notation. I studied their melodies, rhythms, harmonies, tempos, moods, stringing, phrasing, dynamics and sound. I also studied and compared their emotions/values, contextual associations, expression, musical structure, performance/technique and general conditions in three different stylistic mappings between these fiddlers and musicians. At the oral presentation, I performed these three melodies of the Tyska klockorna on my violin, playing as close to Björnlert, Wetter and Näsbom's playing styles as possible. My twin sister Caroline Eriksson and I studied at KMH at the same time. When we started our degree projects, a graduation concert was included. We chose to have a joint “Sister Concert”, where two graduation concerts became one. The concert reflects the years before KMH, the years during KMH and the years after KMH. A varied concert with 24 fantastic fellow musicians and dancers, where we performed the music that is very close to us, both traditional and newly written, with a focus on interaction, play to dance and dance to play. / När jag studerade till musiker med mina instrument fiol och nyckelharpa på institutionen för folkmusik på Kungl. Musikhögskolan (KMH) i Stockholm, skrev jag ett konstnärligt kandidatexamensarbete i musik. I examensarbetet gjorde jag en stilanalys mellan de näckstämda melodierna Tyska klockorna framförda av Pelle Björnlert, Gustaf Wetter och Pär Näsbom. I analysen ingick en jämförelse mellan dessa spelmän och musiker med historia och notation. Jag studerade deras melodier, rytmer, harmonier, tempon, stämningar, stråkföringar, fraseringar, dynamik och klang. Jag studerade och jämförde även deras emotioner/värden, kontextuella associationer, uttryck, musikstruktur, utförande/teknik och generella förutsättningar i tre olika stilistiska mappningar mellan dessa spelmän och musiker. Vid den muntliga redovisningen framförde jag dessa tre melodier av Tyska klockorna på min fiol och spelande så nära Björnlert, Wetter och Näsboms spelsätt och spelstilar som möjligt. Min tvillingsyster Caroline Eriksson och jag studerade samtidigt på KMH. När vi påbörjade våra examensarbeten ingick en examenskonsert. Vi valde att ha en gemensam ”Systerkonsert”, där två examenskonserter blev en gemensam. Konserten speglar åren innan KMH, åren under KMH och åren efter KMH. En varierad konsert med 24 fantastiska medmusiker och dansare, där vi framförde den musik som ligger oss mycket nära. Både traditionell och nyskriven, med fokus på samspel, spel till dans och dans till spel. / <p><strong>Systerkonsert </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Examenskonsert </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Madliene Ahlström Eriksson &amp; Caroline Eriksson </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>9 september 2023, kl. 16.00 Kungasalen, Kungl. Musikhögskolan i Stockholm  </p><p></p><p><strong>PROGRAMORDNING </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Rulin &amp; Ericsson </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Musik: Polska efter Carl Viktor Rulin, Lerbäck, Närke &amp; Polska efter Pehr Ericsson, Helgarö, Södermanland.</p><p>Arr. &amp; musiker: Caroline &amp; Madliene </p><p></p><p><strong>Eder bröllopsdag </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Musik: Brudmarsch till Markus och Rebecca Kviberg, komponerad av Madliene Ahlström Eriksson från Trosa, Södermanland. </p><p>Arr. &amp; musiker: Caroline &amp; Madliene </p><p></p><p><strong>Näckstämda - Tyska klockorna </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Text: Madliene, bearbetad av Carin.</p><p>Musik: Pelle Björnlert från Vråka, Kalmar. Björnlerts variant av <em>Tyska klockorna</em> har han från boken <em>Svenska låtar </em>20, Östergötland, med Arvid Bergvall och Pelle Fors, de båda från Rönö socken, Östergötland.</p><p>Gustaf Wetter från Katrineholm, Södermanland. Gustaf har sin variant av <em>”Tiska klocko” / Tyska klocko</em> efter Anders Petter Andersson och August Widmark, de båda från Vingåker socken, Södermanland. Ur A.P. Anderssons bok <em>Låtar och visor från Södermanland och Närke</em>. </p><p>Pär Näsboms född i Tierps kyrkby, Uppland, men nu boende i Winterthur, Schweiz. Proveniens Uppland. Näsboms variant av <em>Tyska klockorna</em> har han efter "Viksta-Lasse", Leonard Larsson, Viksta, Uppland.</p><p>Arr. &amp; musiker: Madliene</p><p>Koreografi &amp; dansare: Carin &amp; Jan-Olof </p><p></p><p><strong>Hornlåt efter Liss-Mats Anna </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Musik: Hornlåt efter Liss-Mats Anna Ersson från Dalbyn, Ore. </p><p>Arr: Madliene </p><p>Musiker: Caroline, Ida Maria, Leif &amp; Madliene </p><p></p><p><strong>Lästringe storpolska </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Musik: Lästringe storpolska efter Anders Andersson, Lästringe, Södermanland.</p><p>Arr. &amp; musiker: Caroline, Leif &amp; Madliene </p><p></p><p><strong>Dans till Fryksdalsmelodi </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Dansen: Dans till Fryksdalsmelodi finns i sex stycken olika Fryksdalsmelodier och som har använts genom historien. Här får ni höra en av dem som vi tycker om att spela.</p><p>Musik: Dans till Fryksdalsmelodi</p><p>Arr: Troligt komponerad inom folkdansrörelsen och L. Johansson </p><p>Musiker: Caroline, Leif &amp; Madliene</p><p>Dansare från Skansens folkdanslag: Marita, Mattias, Mikael, Mira, Olle, Thommas, Wendi &amp; Åsa.  </p><p></p><p><strong>Åttamanengel </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Dansen: Österbotten har- och är ett svenskt kulturområde och i dansen får ni se danserna; engelska, kadrilj, galopp och polska som flätas samman i två låtmelodier. Första låten går i 2-takt och andra låten går i 3-takt. 3-takts polskan är väldigt lik “Skräddarepolskan” från Sörmland upptecknad efter K.P. Leffler. C.M. Bellman använde Skräddarepolskan-melodin i utbildningssyfte om sexdondelspolskans stil, för att kunna konstruera fram en grundmelodi på åttondelar i åttondelspolskestil av samma polska. Melodin passar lika bra som både åttondelspolska och sexdondelspolska. Bellman namngav därför melodin till “Fackeldansen” som ingick i hans utbildning om “Balen på Gröna Lund” och utlärningen om åttondels- och sexdondelspolskans likheter och olikheter.</p><p>Musik: Åttamanengel från Korsholm i ÖsterbottenArr: Folkdansrörelsen och L. Johansson</p><p>Musiker: Caroline, Leif &amp; Madliene</p><p>Dansare från Skansens folkdanslag: Marita, Mattias, Mikael, Mira, Olle, Thommas, Wendi &amp; Åsa.  </p><p></p><p><strong>Lilla Barn </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Text: Stina Engelbrecht</p><p>Musik: Jens Engelbrecht</p><p>Arr: S &amp; T. Engelbrecht, Caroline, Daniel &amp; Madliene</p><p>Musiker: Caroline, Daniel, Josephine &amp; Madliene </p><p></p><p><strong>När musiken spelar </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Text &amp; musik: Trad.</p><p>Arr: Madliene </p><p>Musiker: Josephine &amp; Madliene </p><p></p><p><strong>Vågsveparn  </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Musik: John McSherry, originaltitel “The Wave Sweeper”, Irland.</p><p>Arr: Caroline, Daniel &amp; Magnus</p><p>Grupp: Albatross: Caroline, Daniel &amp; Magnus. </p><p></p><p><strong>Konstant </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Musik: Komponerad av Caroline Eriksson från Trosa, Södermanland. </p><p>Arr: Caroline</p><p>Grupp: Albatross: Caroline, Daniel &amp; Magnus. </p><p></p><p><strong>T-korsning &amp; Kärl-eken </strong></p><p></p><p>Musik: Komponerad av Caroline Eriksson från Trosa, Södermanland.</p><p>Arr: Caroline</p><p>Musiker: Caroline, Cecilia, Elsa, Gustav, Hanna, Hannes, Jakob, Madliene, Nora &amp; Torunn. Samt Daniel &amp; Magnus från Albatross. </p><p></p><p><strong>Slängpolska efter Anders Larsson från Sexdrega </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Musik: Slängpolska efter Anders Larsson från Sexdrega, Västergötland.</p><p>Arr: Caroline</p><p>Musiker: Caroline, Cecilia, Elsa, Gustav, Hanna, Hannes, Jakob, Madliene, Nora &amp; Torunn. Samt Daniel &amp; Magnus från Albatross.</p><p>Dansare: Marita &amp; Thomas    </p><p></p><p><strong>Slängpolska i östra Södermanland <em>- en jämförelse mellan fyra spelmän </em></strong></p><p><strong><em></em></strong></p><p>Musik: Slängpolska efter Axel Axelsson, Östtorp &amp; Anders Andersson, Lästringe, Södermanland. Caroline har den efter Leif, Ulf och Christina.</p><p>Musiker: Caroline </p><p></p><p><strong>Blekingepolskan </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Musik:Caroline och Madliene har den efter Bo “Bosse” Larsson, Björklinge, Uppland. Som i sin tur har den efter "Viksta-Lasse", Leonard Larsson, Viksta, Uppland.</p><p>Arr. &amp; musiker: Caroline &amp; Madliene </p><p></p><p><strong>Lilla Lasse  </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Musik: Slängpolskor från Mörkö, Södermanland. Nummer 659 och 649 från Sörmländska Låtar. </p><p>Arr. &amp; Musiker: Caroline, Madliene &amp; Sunniva.</p><p>Dans och korreografi: Carin &amp; Jan-Olof.</p><p>Grupp: Tradpunkt med dansare  </p><p></p><p><strong>Vi ska dansa med Sara </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Text &amp; musik: Vispolska från Mörkö, Södermanland. Nummer 662 från <em>Sörmländska Låtar</em>. </p><p>Arr. &amp; Musiker: Caroline, Madliene &amp; Sunniva. </p><p>Dans och korreografi: Carin &amp; Jan-Olof.</p><p>Grupp: Tradpunkt med dansare  </p><p></p><p><strong>Ragatan </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Musik: Ragatan komponerad av Caroline Eriksson från Trosa, Södermanland. Samt<em> Korta Rosenberg</em>, slängpolska efter Anders Gustaf Rosenberg från Mellösa socken, Södermanland.</p><p>Arr. &amp; Musiker: Caroline, Madliene &amp; Sunniva. </p><p>Dans och korreografi: Carin &amp; Jan-Olof.</p><p>Grupp: Tradpunkt med dansare </p><p></p><p><strong>Skärborgarvisan </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Text &amp; musik: Skärborgarvisan från Trosa efter Claes Hagström, som har den efter sin far Gotthard Hagström Stensund/Trosa, Södermanland. Samt låt nummer 661 från Anders Gustav Andersson från Mörkö, i samlingen <em>Sörmländska låtar</em>.</p><p>Arr. &amp; Musiker: Caroline, Madliene &amp; Sunniva. </p><p>Dans och korreografi: Carin &amp; Jan-Olof.</p><p>Grupp: Tradpunkt med dansare </p><p></p><p><strong>Äh, jag tror ja’ ska ta å’ gå hem ja’ </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Musik: Schottis av Madliene Ahlström Eriksson från Trosa, Södermanland och Sofia Svahn från Ore, Dalarna.</p><p>Arr. &amp; Musiker: Caroline, Madliene &amp; Sunniva. </p><p>Dans och korreografi: Carin &amp; Jan-Olof.</p><p>Grupp: Tradpunkt med dansare </p><p></p><p><strong>Burr i magen </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Musik: Burr i magen av Caroline Eriksson, Trosa, Södermanland.</p><p>Arr: Caroline</p><p>Koreografi: Caroline</p><p>Musiker: Caroline, Cecilia, Danie, Elsa, Gustav, Hanna, Hannes, Ida Maria, Jakob, Josephine, Leif, Madliene, Magnus, Nora, Sunniva &amp; Torunn.</p><p>Dansare: Carin, Jan-Olof, Marita, Mattias, Mikael, Mira, Olle, Thommas, Wendi &amp; Åsa. </p><p></p><p><strong>No poker face </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Musik: No poker face av Caroline Eriksson, Trosa, Södermanland.</p><p>Arr: Caroline</p><p>Koreografi: Carin &amp; Jan-Olof</p><p>Musiker: Caroline, Cecilia, Danie, Elsa, Gustav, Hanna, Hannes, Ida Maria, Jakob, Josephine, Leif, Madliene, Magnus, Nora, Sunniva &amp; Torunn.</p><p>Dansare: Carin, Jan-Olof, Marita, Mattias, Mikael, Mira, Olle, Thommas, Wendi &amp; Åsa. </p><p></p><p>______________________ </p><p></p><p><strong>Alla medmusiker och dansare: </strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>Carin Alnebratt - Dans</p><p>Caroline Eriksson - Fioler, nyckelharpa, oktavnyckelharpa och sång</p><p>Cecilia Etterlin - Fiol</p><p>Daniel Fredriksson - Mandora och mandola</p><p>Elsa Örde - Fiol</p><p>Gustav Stavbom - Fiol</p><p>Hanna Areskoug - Fiol</p><p>Hannes Ahlinder - Nyckelharpa</p><p>Ida Maria Schwahn - Fiol</p><p>Jakob Grunditz - Nyckelharpa</p><p>Jan-Olof Johansson - Dans</p><p>Josephine Betschart - Sång och rytminstrument</p><p>Leif Johansson - Fiol</p><p>Madliene Ahlström Eriksson - Fioler, nyckelharpa, oktavnyckelharpa, sång och gitarr</p><p>Magnus Lundmark - Slagverk</p><p>Marita Lagergren Lindberg - Dans</p><p>Mattias Lindberg - Dans</p><p>Mikael Lindberg - Dans</p><p>Mira Loringer - Dans</p><p>Nora Lilja - Fiol</p><p>Olle Hovmark - Dans</p><p>Sunniva Abelli - Nyckelharpa, oktavnyckelharpa och sång</p><p>Thommas Andersen - Dans</p><p>Torunn Thurfjell - Nyckelharpa</p><p>Wendi Löffler - Dans</p><p>Åsa Hannegård - Dans <strong></strong></p><p></p>

This thesis is a comparative study of the concept and role of the law in the theologies of Rosemary Radford Ruether and Gustaf Wingren. The analysis of their theologies shows that Wingren uses the law as a formal theological category and Ruether does not. The absence of the law in Ruether's theology has implication for theological ethics. For Wingren the law has two uses. The first use, the so called political use, is that which compels and coerces ethical behavior in the human. The first use of the law is used to insure that all humans receive the fullness of life that God intends for all of creation. The second use of the law, the so called spiritual use, accuses the human when he/she does not meet the demands of the law. When the conscience is accused the human is prepared to hear the gospel. For Wingren, the gospel is what gives the human a new will to live by freeing the human from the burden and condemnation of the law. The law and the gospel serve each other but have distinct functions. The law demands ethical behavior and the gospel gives salvation. According to Wingren, the source of ethical behavior is located in the doctrine of creation not in the doctrine of the revelation of God through Jesus Christ; thus preserving the notion that the gift of grace is not earned by good works but is given freely. For Ruether, appropriate ethical behavior is revealed to humans through paradigmatic individuals who denounce systems of oppression and announce God's intent for creation, namely, liberation. Jesus is one such paradigmatic individual who both denounces oppression and announces the kingdom of God. Jesus both demands justice in relationships and offers liberation. The gospel message of Jesus, in effect, collapses the law and the gospel into one entity. The follower of Jesus hears that salvation is dependent upon appropriate ethical behavior thereby nullifying the notion that grace is an unearned gift. The thesis concludes with a constructive statement which develops a feminist theology based on Wingren's concept of the law / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)

This thesis is a comparative study of the concept and role of the law in the theologies of Rosemary Radford Ruether and Gustaf Wingren. The analysis of their theologies shows that Wingren uses the law as a formal theological category and Ruether does not. The absence of the law in Ruether's theology has implication for theological ethics. For Wingren the law has two uses. The first use, the so called political use, is that which compels and coerces ethical behavior in the human. The first use of the law is used to insure that all humans receive the fullness of life that God intends for all of creation. The second use of the law, the so called spiritual use, accuses the human when he/she does not meet the demands of the law. When the conscience is accused the human is prepared to hear the gospel. For Wingren, the gospel is what gives the human a new will to live by freeing the human from the burden and condemnation of the law. The law and the gospel serve each other but have distinct functions. The law demands ethical behavior and the gospel gives salvation. According to Wingren, the source of ethical behavior is located in the doctrine of creation not in the doctrine of the revelation of God through Jesus Christ; thus preserving the notion that the gift of grace is not earned by good works but is given freely. For Ruether, appropriate ethical behavior is revealed to humans through paradigmatic individuals who denounce systems of oppression and announce God's intent for creation, namely, liberation. Jesus is one such paradigmatic individual who both denounces oppression and announces the kingdom of God. Jesus both demands justice in relationships and offers liberation. The gospel message of Jesus, in effect, collapses the law and the gospel into one entity. The follower of Jesus hears that salvation is dependent upon appropriate ethical behavior thereby nullifying the notion that grace is an unearned gift. The thesis concludes with a constructive statement which develops a feminist theology based on Wingren's concept of the law / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)

The main purpose of this study of a pearl and cameo diadem, given by Napoleon to his first wife Josephine in 1809, is to follow its representation in portraiture from Paris in 1812 to Stockholm in 2010, and explore how the iconography develops during these 200 years. From the earlier years, the diadem is found only in miniatures, then after coming to the new royal family in Sweden, the Bernadottes, it is given a role of an heirloom representing history and families in grand paintings, arriving to the present well-known wedding hairpiece, covered by modern media, where the diadem is more of a crown than the open, forehead-covering piece of fashion jewellery it was during the Napoleonic era in France. The portraits from 1812, 1814, 1836, 1837, 1877, 1976, 2000/2003 and 2010 also portray a development of the female role model of its time. Just like the hair piece attains an iconography which comprises not only the highest dress codes but also a possibility of status transformation for the people involved in ceremony, the role of the country’s First Lady is about to change into a higher, more egalitarian position of present days.

<p>The dissertation describes a crucial step in the development of a modern writer's identity in Sweden. It applies the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theories of the autonomous ”literary field” to the development in eighteen-eighties, one of the most important periods in Swedish literary history.</p><p>During this decade a large group of authors appeared, with August Strindberg in the front. In accordance with the dominating esthetical view of the nineteenth century, ”ideal realism”, the writers had an ethical responsibility. But they differed from their predecessors by not being loyal to the bourgeois society and its values, as codified in the concept of ”decency”, that contained, among other things, rules for what could be said in public. On the contrary, the new generation of authors attacked the bourgeoisie in novels, dramas and articles, especially in the singularly most controversial area, the regulation of sexuality and the ideals of bourgeois women.</p><p>This study argues that the new authors in their radical criticism aimed at the position of power in society traditionally upheld by the State church, which supervised education and ethical values. They did this by creating a role for themselves as young and oppressed, something that made it possible to deny any responsibility for the present state and furthermore to speak up, despite their own bourgeois background, for other oppressed groups like the working classes, the poor and women. But this also meant that they could not be successful in their ambitions to gain influence without loosing their identity. This was especially the consequence of the fact that an autonomous ”literary field” did not yet exist. That is, there were no internal literary institutions that, seemingly independent of the rest of society, decided what was ”good literature.” Instead, the singularly most important judge of interesting literature was the bourgeois public. Strindberg seems to have realised this early, and achieved an identity as ”uncontrolled”. He thereby lost his intellectual credibility, but gained a much bigger freedom to write and also got the attention of the large audience. At the same time, his writing undermined the values of decency by breaking the bourgeois society’s fundamental wall between the private and the public sphere, not least by writing what was regarded as facts about his own private life. </p><p>The conservative reaction accelerated towards the end of the decade while the authors grew more and more bitter about the public’s lack of understanding. At this point the author Verner von Heidenstam took the opportunity to declare a new literary era, dissociating his aesthetics from the one of the Eighties and proclaiming the necessity of an aristocratic, ethically indifferent literature (with himself as its leader). </p><p>Confronted with the new concept of what ought to be regarded as “modern”, the established male authors were generally quick to separate themselves from the female authors, and to identify the attacked literature solely with the one that critically discussed the situation of women in society - a description that has been largely adopted in the history of literature. A number of male authors also wrote novels separating themselves from the Eighties. Thus, they could continue into the new period, while female authors in general were silenced or forced to write in less esteemed genres (”popular literature”, children’s books). </p><p>Ultimately the result was a more distinct male domination coupled with a growing contempt for the large audience. This, in turn, created a need for internal institutions that could interpret, value and support literature - scholarships, elitist critics, and a writers’ union. These institutions subsequently were founded or developed during the nineties – all of them steps towards autonomy.</p>

The dissertation describes a crucial step in the development of a modern writer's identity in Sweden. It applies the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theories of the autonomous ”literary field” to the development in eighteen-eighties, one of the most important periods in Swedish literary history. During this decade a large group of authors appeared, with August Strindberg in the front. In accordance with the dominating esthetical view of the nineteenth century, ”ideal realism”, the writers had an ethical responsibility. But they differed from their predecessors by not being loyal to the bourgeois society and its values, as codified in the concept of ”decency”, that contained, among other things, rules for what could be said in public. On the contrary, the new generation of authors attacked the bourgeoisie in novels, dramas and articles, especially in the singularly most controversial area, the regulation of sexuality and the ideals of bourgeois women. This study argues that the new authors in their radical criticism aimed at the position of power in society traditionally upheld by the State church, which supervised education and ethical values. They did this by creating a role for themselves as young and oppressed, something that made it possible to deny any responsibility for the present state and furthermore to speak up, despite their own bourgeois background, for other oppressed groups like the working classes, the poor and women. But this also meant that they could not be successful in their ambitions to gain influence without loosing their identity. This was especially the consequence of the fact that an autonomous ”literary field” did not yet exist. That is, there were no internal literary institutions that, seemingly independent of the rest of society, decided what was ”good literature.” Instead, the singularly most important judge of interesting literature was the bourgeois public. Strindberg seems to have realised this early, and achieved an identity as ”uncontrolled”. He thereby lost his intellectual credibility, but gained a much bigger freedom to write and also got the attention of the large audience. At the same time, his writing undermined the values of decency by breaking the bourgeois society’s fundamental wall between the private and the public sphere, not least by writing what was regarded as facts about his own private life. The conservative reaction accelerated towards the end of the decade while the authors grew more and more bitter about the public’s lack of understanding. At this point the author Verner von Heidenstam took the opportunity to declare a new literary era, dissociating his aesthetics from the one of the Eighties and proclaiming the necessity of an aristocratic, ethically indifferent literature (with himself as its leader). Confronted with the new concept of what ought to be regarded as “modern”, the established male authors were generally quick to separate themselves from the female authors, and to identify the attacked literature solely with the one that critically discussed the situation of women in society - a description that has been largely adopted in the history of literature. A number of male authors also wrote novels separating themselves from the Eighties. Thus, they could continue into the new period, while female authors in general were silenced or forced to write in less esteemed genres (”popular literature”, children’s books). Ultimately the result was a more distinct male domination coupled with a growing contempt for the large audience. This, in turn, created a need for internal institutions that could interpret, value and support literature - scholarships, elitist critics, and a writers’ union. These institutions subsequently were founded or developed during the nineties – all of them steps towards autonomy.