Hansen and Hansen (1988) found that angry targets in happy crowds were found more quickly and accurately than happy targets in angry crowds. This finding, they dubbed the Face-in-the-Crowd effect. Gilboa-Schechtman and colleagues (1999) found that high anxious participants show a greater enhancement of detecting angry versus happy targets. The purpose of the current studies was to replicate these findings, and to determine whether Rational and Experiential decision-making styles play a role in target detection (Study One) and crowd searching (Study Two), and if these decision-making styles interact with affective predisposition for both reaction time and galvanic skin response in the face-in-the-crowd task. In Study One, I replicated the anger superiority effect and the Anxiety x Target interaction. I also found that the Rational Group tended to be faster than the Experiential Group overall. I found that the High Trait Anxious group had higher GSR than the Low Trait Anxious group averaged over both target conditions. The Rational group had higher GSR when presented with happy targets than when presented with angry targets whereas the Experiential group did not show this difference. In Study Two, I failed to replicate the anger inferiority effect of crowd searching, but I did find that the Rational group tended to be faster than the Experiential group, especially for angry crowd searching. I also found that the Low-State-Anxious-Rational group had lower galvanic skin responses than all other groups across all analyses. The most exciting finding of these two studies was that he Rational Group demonstrated a facility for the face-in-the-crowd task, validating decision-making style as an important dimension to be considered in future face-in-the-crowd research. The research also provided support for network theories and it is hoped that future studies might endeavor to explore facial processing with this theoretical framework in mind.

Η παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή διατριβή έχει ως στόχο να μελετήσει την έννοια του σωκρατικού δαιμονίου όπως αυτή εκφράστηκε κυρίως στον φιλόσοφο Πρόκλο, καθώς επίσης να εντοπίσει το περιεχόμενο, την έκταση και τις προθέσεις αλλά και τους μεθοδολογικούς τρόπους με τους οποίους ο ίδιος ο νεοπλατωνικός σχολάρχης θεωρούσε ότι έπρεπε να προσεγγισθεί η παιδαγωγική σχέση ανάμεσα στον Σωκράτη και στον Αλκιβιάδη, ώστε να κατανοηθεί το βαθύτερο περιεχόμενό της. Ως κείμενο αναφοράς και ανάλυσης έχουμε το υπόμνημα του Σχολάρχη της Ακαδημίας: Εἰς τὸν Πλάτωνος πρῶτον Ἀλκιβιάδην , 85.19-93.28, σ’ ένα εδάφιο του πλατωνικού διαλόγου Αλκιβιάδης Ι (103 a-b), στο οποίο παρουσιάζεται η αφετηρία της επικοινωνίας ανάμεσα στον Σωκράτη και τον Αλκιβιάδη, η επικοινωνιακή σχέση δηλαδή μεταξύ δασκάλου – μαθητή, η οποία τροφοδοτείται επαναληπτικά και από την θεϊκή έμπνευση του Σωκράτη, από το σωκρατικό δαιμόνιο. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο της εργασίας μας επιχειρούμε μια αναδρομική έρευνα στην έννοια του σωκρατικού δαιμονίου όπως αυτή εμφανίστηκε στην σύγχρονη ιστορία – πορεία της φιλοσοφικής έρευνας. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μια σύντομη εισαγωγή στον πλατωνικό διάλογο Αλκιβιάδης Ι και στο υπόμνημα του Πρόκλου Εἰς τὸν Πλάτωνος πρῶτον Ἀλκιβιάδην αναδεικνύοντας το συνθετικό φιλοσοφικό εγχείρημα του νεοπλατωνικού φιλοσόφου. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μία απόπειρα σχολιασμού ενός ευσύνοπτου τμήματος του υπομνήματος του Πρόκλου, με κύριο στόχο να δοθούν απαντήσεις στις «κατηγορίες» που απέδιδαν ορισμένοι στην θεία αυτή έμπνευση του Σωκράτη ως προς την διαφθορά του νεαρού Αλκιβιάδη. Στην συνέχεια, επιχειρήσαμε να οδηγηθούμε σε ορισμένα συμπεράσματα (καταρρίπτοντας τις κατηγορίες), καθώς επίσης έγινε μία προσπάθεια καταγραφής των εννοιών που συναντήσαμε. Προχωρήσαμε επίσης στην σύνταξη ενός ευσύνοπτου φιλοσοφικού λεξικού των εννοιών που χρησιμοποίησε ο νεοπλατωνικός φιλόσοφος στην προσπάθειά του να αναδείξει την θεϊκή αυτή έμπνευση του Σωκράτη ως μία δύναμη αγαθή και προνοητική με «προβλεπτικό» και «γνωστικό» χαρακτήρα, που κατ’ επέκταση καθιστά την σχέση διδασκάλου – μαθητή παιδαγωγικώς και προσωπικώς αναγκαία και θείων προδιαγραφών. Η εν λόγω εργασία ανήκει κυρίως στους θεωρητικούς κλάδους της φιλοσοφίας της θρησκείας και της μεταφυσικής, αλλά και συγχρόνως εντάσσεται στην ιστορία της φιλοσοφίας, καθότι παρουσιάζει ένα στάδιο της εξέλιξης μιας θεωρίας που αναπτύχθηκε τον 4ο αιώνα π.Χ. / The main aim of this M.A dissertation is to explore the sense of the daimonion of Socrates as it was mainly examined by the philosopher Proclus. We will try to identify the content, scope and intentions, but also the methodology by means of which the Neoplatonist scholarch himself approached the pedagogical relationship between Socrates and Alcibiades, in order to understand its deeper content. Our textual source is Proclus' Commentary on Plato's Alcibiades I, 85.19-93.28, which refers to Alcibiades I, 103 a-b. This is the starting point of communication between Socrates and Alcibiades, that is to say the communicative relationship between the teacher and the student, the content of which is repeatedly defined by the divine inspiration of Socrates, the Socratic daimonion. In the first chapter of our study, we attempt a retrospective research on the concept of Socrates’ daimonion as it appeared in the frame of modern philosophical research. The second chapter is a brief introduction to the Platonic dialogue Alcibiades I and to Proclus’ Commentary on Plato's Alcibiades I, highlighting the synthesis which is evident in the philosophical project of the Neoplatonist philosopher. The third chapter is an attempt to analyze a brief part of Proclus' commentary, aiming to provide answers to "accusations" attributed by some against Socrates’ divine inspiration with reference to the corruption of the young Alcibiades. We also attempt to describe the relevant concepts and reach some conclusions after the refutation of these accusations. We also proceed to a compilation of a concise philosophical dictionary of concepts-terms used by the Neoplatonist philosopher in his attempt to prove the divine inspiration of Socrates to be both a good and providential power with the possibility to acquire foreknowledge. This in turn makes the relationship between the teacher and the student pedagogically and personally necessary and gives it divine properties. The dissertation belongs to philosophy of religion, metaphysics, and history of philosophy, as well, since it examines a stage in the evolution of a theory developed in the 4th century B.C.

Héritant à la fois de la tradition scripturale des pères, de la rupture provoquée par la littérature conjoncturelle des années 90, de son urgence et de son obsolescence ainsi que de l'avènement du nouveau millénaire, les écritures algériennes dévoilées par les auteurs de notre corpus sont marquées par le souci de l'enfantement de l'Homme Nouveau. En effet, bien qu'inscrite dans son épistème, cette littérature tend à se renouveler et à affirmer sa singularité. Si pour Abdellatif Laâbi, toute sa génération d'écrivains « descend du manteau de Nedjma », les auteurs émergents peuvent légitimement prolonger l'hommage en se déclarant encore aujourd'hui bercés par les mélopées du Poète, engagés sur les chemins de la vérité sans travestissements par La colline oubliée, nourris à la mamelle de La Répudiation, alertés des hautes trahisons par Le Muezzin, éveillés au cri de Fis de la haine, reconnaissant l'élargissement de leur horizon à la dimension poétique de Qui se souvient de la mer. Et enfin légitimés dans le territoire des langues, parce qu'assiégés, à leur tour, par la voix d'Assia Djebar et la polyphonie de Ces Voix qui m’assiègent. Néanmoins, en réponse à la question « où va la littérature ? », nous abordons son devenir en délivrant une « feuille de température », à travers les lignes de fuite qu'elle semble emprunter. Le paradoxe du « devenir » réside dans son oscillation entre passé et futur qui permet d'échapper aux carcans du présent. C'est sur le mythe de l'Andalus que s'arcboute le changement. Chevaucher la ligne de fuite, c'est à la fois voguer vers des « devenirs » possibles et convoquer des assises sûres. L'Andalousie Heureuse est la caution irréfutable de la faisabilité et l'illustration de ce qui est survenu une fois peut se renouveler dès lors qu'on lui fabrique les conditions de son émergence. Le « texte- médecin » gère le trauma et convie l'individu vers la résilience et de nouvelles expériences du bonheur. L'Homme Nouveau est à réinventer. Telle est l'ambition que les textes du corpus nous aident à percevoir, en devinant parfois les tracés et les contours. / Inheriting simultaneously from the scriptural tradition of the fathers, from the rupture provoked by the contemporary literature of the 1990s, from its urgency and its obsolescence as well as the advent of the new millennium, the Algerian writings unveiled by the authors of this corpus are marked by concern about the birth of the New Man. Indeed, although inscribed in its episteme, this literature tends to renew itself and to affirm its singularity. If, for Abdellatif Laâbi, all his generation of writers « descend from the mantle of Nedjma », emerging authors can legitimately extend the tribute by declaring themselves, still today, lulled by the chants of the Poet, breast-fed by La Repudiation, warned of high treacheries by Le Muezzin, awakened to the cry of Fis de la haine, acknowledging the widening of their horizons to the poetic dimension of Qui se souvient de la mer. And finally legitimized in the territory of languages, due to being besieged, in turn, by the voice of Assia Djebar and the polyphony of Ces Voix qui m’assiègent. Nevertheless, in answer to the question « Whither literature? » we approach its future by delivering a « temperature chart » by means of the trajectories it seems to take. The paradox of « becoming » lies in its oscillation between past and future, which makes it possible to escape the shackles of the present. It is on the myth that change is strengthened. Straddling the trajectory is both sailing towards possible « futures » and summoning safe bases. Happy Andalusia is the irrefutable guarantee of the feasibility and the illustration of this one-time occurrence can be renewed, as soon as conditions of its emergence are reproduced, by the writing of a « healing text » to manage the trauma and escort the individual towards resilience as well as new experiences of happiness. The New Man is to be reinvented. This is the ambition that the texts of the corpus have helped us to distinguish, whilst sometimes puzzling over its tracks and the contours.

There is a sharp increase in the number of old people living alone throughout the world. More often than not, such people require continuous and immediate care and attention in their everyday lives, hence the need for round the clock monitoring, albeit in a respectful, dignified and non-intrusive way. For example, continuous care is required when they become frail and less active, and immediate attention is required when they fall or remain in the same position for a long time. To this extent, various monitoring technologies have been developed, yet there are major improvements still to be realised. Current technologies include indoor positioning systems (IPSs) and health monitoring systems. The former relies on defined configurations of various sensors to capture a person's position within a given space in real-time. The functionality of the sensors varies depending on receiving appropriate data using WiFi, radio frequency identification (RFIO), ultrawide band (UWB), dead reckoning (OR), infrared indoor (IR), Bluetooth (BLE), acoustic signal, visible light detection, and sound signal monitoring. The systems use various algorithms to capture proximity, location detection, time of arrival, time difference of arrival angle, and received signal strength data. Health monitoring technologies capture important health data using accelerometers and gyroscope sensors. In some studies, audio fingerprinting has been used to detect indoor environment sound variation and have largely been based on recognising TV sound and songs. This has been achieved using various staging methods, including pre-processing, framing, windowing, time/frequency domain feature extraction, and post-processing. Time/frequency domain feature extraction tools used include Fourier Transforms (FTs}, Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT}, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCCs), Constant Q Transform (CQT}, Local Energy centroid (LEC), and Wavelet transform. Artificial intelligence (Al) and probabilistic algorithms have also been used in IPSs to classify and predict different activities, with interesting applications in healthcare monitoring. Several tools have been applied in IPSs and audio fingerprinting. They include Radial Basis Kernel (RBF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Trees (DTs), Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), Na'ive Bayes (NB), Gaussian Mixture Modelling (GMM), Clustering algorithms, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), and Deep Learning (DL). Despite all these attempts, there is still a major gap for a completely non-intrusive system capable of monitoring what an elderly person living alone is doing, where and for how long, and providing a quick traffic-like risk score prompting, therefore immediate action or otherwise. In this thesis, a cost-effective and completely non-intrusive indoor positioning and activity-monitoring system for elderly people living alone has been developed, tested and validated in a typical residential living space. The proposed system works based on five phases: (1)Set-up phase that defines the typical activities of daily living (TADLs). (2)Configuration phase that optimises the implementation of the required sensors in exemplar flat No.1. (3)Learning phase whereby sounds and position data of the TADLs are collected and stored in a fingerprint reference data set. (4)Listening phase whereby real-time data is collected and compared against the reference data set to provide information as to what a person is doing, when, and for how long. (5)Alert phase whereby a health frailty score varying between O unwell to 10 healthy is generated in real-time. Two typical but different residential flats (referred to here are Flats No.1 and 2) are used in the study. The system is implemented in the bathroom, living room, and bedroom of flat No.1, which includes various floor types (carpet, tiles, laminate) to distinguish between various sounds generated upon walking on such floors. The data captured during the Learning Phase yields the reference data set and includes position and sound fingerprints. The latter is generated from tests of recording a specific TADL, thus providing time and frequency-based extracted features, frequency peak magnitude (FPM), Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The former is generated from distance measurement. The sampling rate of the recorded sound is 44.1kHz. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is applied on 0.1 seconds intervals of the recorded sound with minimisation of the spectral leakage using the Hamming window. The frequency peaks are detected from the spectrogram matrices to get the most appropriate FPM between the reference and sample data. The position detection of the monitored person is based on the distance between that captured from the learning and listening phases of the system in real-time. A typical furnished one-bedroom flat (flat No.2) is used to validate the system. The topologies and floorings of flats No.1 and No.2 are different. The validation is applied based on "happy" and "unusual" but typical behaviours. Happy ones include typical TADLs of a healthy elderly person living alone with a risk metric higher than 8. Unusual one's mimic acute or chronic activities (or lack thereof), for example, falling and remaining on the floor, or staying in bed for long periods, i.e., scenarios when an elderly person may be in a compromised situation which is detected by a sudden drop of the risk metric (lower than 4) in real-time. Machine learning classification algorithms are used to identify the location, activity, and time interval in real-time, with a promising early performance of 94% in detecting the right activity and the right room at the right time.

No description available.

[pt] Esta dissertação de mestrado analisa a obra Todas as famílias felizes (2009), do escritor mexicano Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), dentro da perspectiva micropolítica dos afetos circulantes. O livro é composto por dezesseis histórias, que narram acontecimentos em diferentes famílias, intercaladas por igual número de coros, todos independentes entre si. Não encontramos personagens repetidos, nem um desfecho onde finalmente tudo se articule e ganhe uma conclusão. Também não existem capítulos, nem partes. As histórias familiares são narradas de forma tradicional - com início, meio e fim - enquanto os coros são textos mais curtos e narrados livremente. O maior deles toma seis páginas e o mais curto, apenas uma linha. A partir de um ponto de vista literário, esta dissertação buscará refletir sobre as relações em jogo no ambiente íntimo e familiar como também no espaço comunitário dos coros. A gramática dos afetos, bem como sua materialização na distribuição dos corpos no espaço social, se tornou oportuna para a reflexão sobre as zonas de contato entre os diferentes corpos: individuais e coletivos. Em particular, aponto a relevância da violência, do medo e do rancor nos processos afetivos presentes na obra, assim como proponho a leitura dos coros como elemento trágico e, ao mesmo tempo, estranho e distante. Sendo Fuentes um escritor marcado pelo boom literário das décadas de 1960 e 1970, reviso as principais características e argumentações críticas acerca do período. Por se tratar de uma obra da fase final e menos prestigiada, observo como a aposta dos autores do boom na recriação de uma comunidade parece não mais possível para Carlos Fuentes. / [en] This research analyzes Happy Families (2009) by the Mexican writer Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), prioritizing the micropolitical perspective of circulating affections. The book consists of sixteen stories, which narrate events in different families, interspersed with an equal number of choirs, all independent of each other. We find no repeating characters, nor an outcome where everything finally articulates and gains a conclusion. There are no chapters or parts either. Family stories are narrated in a traditional way - beginning, middle and end - while choirs are shorter texts and narrated freely. The largest of them takes six pages and the shortest, just one line. From a literary point of view, this dissertation will seek to reflect on the relationships at stake in the intimate and family environment as well as in the community space of choirs, prioritizing the micropolitical perspective of circulating affections. The grammar of affections, as well as their materialization in the distribution of bodies in the social space, became opportune for reflection on the zones of contact among different bodies: individual and collective. Furthermore, it examines the relevance of violence, fear and resentment in the affective processes found in the book, as well as the role of the choirs as a tragic and, at the same time, as a strange and distant element. Knowing that Fuentes is a writer marked by the literary boom of the 1960s and 1970s, it reviews the main characteristics and critical arguments about the period. Because it is a work of his final and less prestigious phase, I observe how the bet of the authors of the boom in the recreation of a community seems no longer possible for Carlos Fuentes.

This thesis seeks to interpret the cinematic representations of Hong Kongers’ identity quest during a transitional state/stage related to the sovereignty transfer. The Handover transition considered is an ideological one, rather than the overnight polity change on the Handover day. This research approaches contemporary Hong Kong cinema on two fronts and the thesis is structured accordingly: Upon an initial review of the existing Hong Kong film scholarship in the Introduction, and its 1997-related allegorical readings, Part I sees new angles (previously undeveloped or underdeveloped) for researching Hong Kong films made during 1982-2002. Arguments are built along the ideas of Hong Kongers’ situational, diasporic consciousness, and transformed ‘Chineseness’ because Hong Kong has lacked a cultural/national centrality. This part of research is informed by the ideas of Jacques Derrida, Homi Bhabha and Stuart Hall, and the diasporic experiences of Ien Ang, Rey Chow and Ackbar Abbas. With these new research angles and references to the circumstances, Part II reads critically the text of eight Hong Kong films made during the Handover transition. In chronological order, they are Boat People (Hui, 1982), Song of the Exile (Hui, 1990), Days of Being Wild (Wong, 1990), Happy Together (Wong, 1997), Made in Hong Kong (Chan, 1997), Ordinary Heroes (Hui, 1999), Durian Durian (Chan, 2000), and Hollywood Hong Kong (Chan, 2002). They meet several criteria related to the undeveloped / underdeveloped areas in the existing Hong Kong film scholarship. Hamid Naficy’s ‘accented cinema’ paradigm gives the guidelines to the film analysis in Part II. This part shows that Hong Kongers’ self-transformation during transition is alterable, indeterminate, and interminable, due to the people’s situational, diasporic consciousness, and transformed ‘Chineseness’. This thesis thus contributes to Hong Kong cinema scholarship in interpreting films with new research angles, and generating new insights into this cinematic tradition and its wider context.

The aim of master thesis is finding answers to the question, if inhabitants of western Europe are happier than inhabitants of eastern Europe. I want to compare standards of living in these regions based on the indexes of living standards. Further I want find out, if the happiness is measurable. Europe during the economic crisis has shown that GDP of countries slowed down, but is this economic indicator showing happiness of nations? Does it present satisfaction and well-being of the population? Can we identify some relation or dependence between GDP and happiness of the population? What are the indicators that are able to answer this question? A substantial part of my work will be comparison of the individual indexes of living standards and I will specify, what means standard of living and what are the components. In the practical part I want to compare reality in different areas of human life, which is related to the standard of living and to compare these data between the nations in western Europe and eastern Europe.

I den här uppsatsen undersöker jag Simon Snow från Carry On trilogin (2015–21) och Morrigan ”Mor” från A Court of Thorns and Roses serien (2015–). Huvudsyftet med studien är att undersöka hur dessa två karaktärers sexualitet och identitet fungerar i sina respektive fantasy serier, hur de gestaltas och om de får chansen att utvecklas. Med queerteoretisk utgångspunkt undersöker jag hur karaktärerna kommer ut och hur de lever sina liv efteråt, likaså hur deras sexualitet får en roll i deras respektive fantasy-värld. I min analys visar jag hur bisexualiteten ignoreras och hur båda karaktärerna har svårt att komma fram till vilken sexualitet som passar dem bäst. Mor har även en långsammare utveckling när det kommer till hennes sexualitet, och finner det svårare att våga komma ut. Simon och Mor är även olika som personer och i min analys visar jag på hur slutet av deras respektive berättelser blir annorlunda; Mor försvinner ur berättelsen nästan direkt efter att hon kommer ut, medan Simon blir mer bekväm i hans sexualitet och relation. / In this paper, I study Simon Snow from the Carry On trilogy (2015–21) and Morrigan, nicknamed Mor, from the book series A Court of Thorns and Roses (2015–). The main aim of this study is to examine how the two characters’ sexuality and identity work in their respective book series, how they are described and if they are allowed to develop. Using queer theory, I examine how the two characters come out and how they live their lives afterwards, as well as how sexuality work in a fantasy novel. As a result, I have discovered that the label of bisexuality is frowned upon, and that both characters have a hard time figuring themselves out in terms of what sexuality and identity they relate to the most. Mor also had a slower development when it comes to her sexuality and a bigger struggle with coming out to her friends in comparison to Simon. Mor and Simon have very different journeys with their sexuality and are at very different stages in their acceptance at the end of their respective stories. In Mor’s case, she left the story as soon as she came out to one person, whilst Simon became more confident in his sexuality and relationship.

This dissertation is a study of Jane Austen's juvenilia, including "Lady Susan" and "Sir Charles Grandison: or the Happy Man", a collection of work undertaken between the years 1787 and 1794. Although often viewed by modem critics as apprentice pièces for the six novels written in maturity, thèse taies also exhibit deep reflection and involvement in the Enlightenment's feminist movement and feminist opinions on female éducation, and économie and marital dependency, issues the mature novels would explore, but in a less obviously transgressive manner. Although Austen acquiesces to public and political pressure later in life in order to achieve her ambitions of publishing, her early works show a palpable dissatisfaction with the situation of women. Most scholarly criticism of the juvenilia concentrâtes on either the parody of sentimental fictioji or its biographical content. Some attention has been paid to her feminist leanings in this literature, but no thorough survey has yet been done that analyses ail of the juvenilia in this light. This dissertation hopes to rectify that situation and shed light on the early feminist views of Jane Austen in ail of the taies belonging to her juvenilia. When considering an interpretive approach to the juvenilia for this dissertation, Harold Bloom's théories of intertextuality and influence were selected. Admittedly Bloom's theory is decidedly sexually biased in that it deals with the six canonical maie Romantic poets, and uses Freudian vocabulary. However, since création (or procréation) is also a female process, and equality in parent-child relationships is not exclusively maie, Bloom's theory can be modified to include female authors in their struggle to find their own créative voices. Another reason for using the Bloomian theory of influence is that Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar refer to him as their model of female authorial development in Madwoman in the Attic, the research that is used as the basis for this dissertation's feminist argument. Their study lays the groundwork for a re-examination of the historical manifestations of self-imaging in literature and how such self-imaging has been based on gendered socialization. The analysis of the juvenilia clearly demonstrates that Austen's early works are not simply parodies of contemporary literature. Instead, they contribute to the feminist debate of the period, aligning Austen with radical feminists like Mary Wollstonecraft.