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Gränslandet : Övergången mellan kurativ och palliativ vård / The borderland : The tansition between curative and palliative careHenningsson, Jenny, Alhbin, Johanna January 2023 (has links)
Bakgrund: Det är vanligt förekommande att patienter med hematologiskt maligna sjukdomar går från kurativ till palliativ vård. Hematologiska behandlingar beskrivs i litteraturen som högteknologiska, aggressiva och de mest förödande behandlingar människokroppen kan utsättas för. Tidigare studier visar att arbete inom cancervård, palliativ vård och vård i livets slutskede kan ha ogynnsam effekt på sjuksköterskors fysiska, psykiska och emotionella mående. Befintlig litteratur beskriver sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda dessa patienter palliativt dock råder det avsaknad av beskrivning av sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vårda patienter i övergången mellan kurativ vård och palliativ vård. Motiv: Då det råder avsaknad av beskrivning av sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter i övergången mellan kurativ och palliativ vård ansåg författarna att det förelåg en kunskapsbrist gällande sjuksköterskors upplevelser samt hur dessa påverkar sjuksköterskan i den dagliga omvårdnaden av dessa patienter. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva och förstå sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter med hematologiskt maligna sjukdomar i övergången mellan kurativ och palliativ vård.Metod: Föreliggande studie utfördes som en kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervjustudie med induktiv ansats (n=8). Data analyserades enligt the Framework Analyzis. Resultat: Resultatet omfattar fyra teman som handlar om övergången mellan kurativ och palliativ vård: Konsekvenser av ovisshet i övergången, Kommunikation i övergången, Omvårdnad vid ovisshet i övergången och Sjuksköterskans upplevelser vid ovisshet i övergången. Konklusion: Övergången mellan kurativ och palliativ vård för patienter med hematologisk malignitet kan upplevas som otydlig och präglas av ovisshet, vilket leder till utmaningar i omvårdnaden av dessa patienter. Resultatet pekar på områden i behov av utveckling, till exempel behov av ett utökat teamarbete som i sin tur kan förbättra kommunikationen och öka personcentrering i vården av dessa patienter. / Background: It is common for patients with hematological malignancies to go from curative to palliative care. Hematological treatments are described in the literature as high-tech, aggressive and the most devastating treatments the human body can be subjected to. Previous studies show that work in cancer care, palliative care and end-of-life care can have an adverse effect on nurses' physical, mental and emotional well-being. Existing literature describes nurses' experiences of caring for these patients palliatively, however, there is a lack of description of the nurses' experience of caring for patients in the transition between curative care and palliative care. Motive: As there is a lack of description of the nurses' experience of caring for patients in the transition between curative and palliative care, the authors believed that there was a lack of knowledge regarding nurses' experiences and how these affect the nurse in the daily care of these patients. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe and understand nurses' experiences of caring for patients with hematological malignancies in the transition between curative and palliative care. Methods: The present study was conducted as a qualitative semi-structured interview study with an inductive approach (n=8). Data were analyzed with Framework Analysis. Result: The result includes four themes relating to the transition between curative and palliative care: Consequences of uncertainty in the transition, Communication in the transition, Nursing in the event of uncertainty in the transition and The nurses' experiences in the event of uncertainty in the transition. Conclusion: The transition between curative and palliative care for patients with hematological malignancies can be experienced as unclear and characterized by uncertainty, which leads to challenges in the care of these patients. The results point to areas in need of development, for example the need for increased teamwork which in turn can improve communication and increase person-centered care in the care of these patients.
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Validating the relevance of FOXO1 in BMP induced apoptosis of multiple myeloma cellsThorgren, Ella January 2024 (has links)
Background Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer disease that emerges from the bone marrow. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are ligands that activates intracellular signaling pathways causing activation of transcription factors. Previous studies show that BMP treatment of myeloma cells induce apoptosis, a mechanism dependent on downregulation of c-MYC. BMPs uses different receptors on myeloma cells, but it is still unclear how the intracellular signaling pathway leading to apoptosis works. A recent whole genome CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screening suggested FOXO1 as a gene involved in the mechanism of apoptosis during BMP treatment. We therefore aimed to investigate further on how FOXO1 has an impact on BMP induced apoptosis. Methods Our hypothesis was that knockout of FOXO1 would protect the cells from apoptosis. To begin to address this issue we tested INA-6 FOXO1 knock-out cell clones that was generated before the start of the project and treated them with BMP-9 to look for effects on cell viability and protein expression. We measured cell viability using CellTiter-Glo® 2.0 Cell viability assay and expression of c-MYC and FOXO1 protein using Western blot. Results and conclusions Treatment with BMP-9 for 72 hours showed a decrease in viability of the cells, up to 98%. Protein expression of c-MYC was inhibited by BMP-9 treatment while a constant expression of FOXO1 was seen in all cells clones regardless of BMP treatment. Expression of FOXO1 in the FOXO1 knock-out cells indicates that the knock-out has not worked. More experiments are needed to clarify the role of FOXO1 in BMP-induced apoptosis.
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Physiological and performance adaptations to altitude and hypoxic trainingHolliss, Ben Alaric January 2014 (has links)
Introduction: There have been few well controlled altitude and hypoxic training studies to date. This thesis investigated the effects of altitude and (sham controlled) intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) on exercise capacity, and the associated physiological adaptations. Methods: Chapter 3 investigated how living and training at 2320 m or at sea level affected total haemoglobin mass (tHb) and race performance in highly trained swimmers. Chapter 4 investigated how IHT or normoxic training affected cardiopulmonary variables and the incremental exercise limit of tolerance (T-Lim), in highly trained runners. Chapter 5 investigated how single-legged IHT or normoxic training affected phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessed muscle energetics. Results: In Chapter 3, tHb increased significantly more after altitude (+0.6 ± 0.4 g•kg-1, or +4.4 ± 3.2%) than after sea level (+0.03 ± 0.1 g•kg-1, or +0.3 ± 1.0%), but the changes in swimming performances were not different between groups, and there were no correlations between tHb and performance changes. In Chapter 4, submaximal heart rate in normoxia decreased significantly more after IHT than after normoxic training (-5 ± 5 vs. -1 ± 5 b∙min-1), and submaximal "V" ̇O2 in hypoxia significantly decreased, only after IHT. T-Lim in hypoxia significantly increased post-IHT, but there were no between group differences. In Chapter 5, the phosphocreatine recovery time constant was speeded significantly more in the IHT compared to the normoxic trained leg, when tested in hypoxia (-25 ± 8% vs. -13 ± 6%), but not in normoxia (-16 ± 15% vs. -9 ± 10%). Conclusions: Altitude training likely increases tHb, but this is not necessarily associated with improved athletic performance. IHT may induce other non-haematological adaptations; potentially an enhanced skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, but evidence for exercise capacity gains is lacking. The precise underlying causes for these adaptations require further investigation, as does any translation to athletic performance.
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The Immune Response of Guinea Pigs as Influenced by Hypobaric Pressure and Normoxic Environment (Part I); Membrane Filter-Fluorescent-Antibody Method for Detection and Enumeration of Bacteria in Water (Part II)Reeder, Dennis James 08 1900 (has links)
In this work experimental design and tests were established to determine whether antibody production in guinea pigs injected with a bacterial antigen is Influenced by the environment of simulated high altitude with normoxic conditions. Hematological and electrophoretic studies were simultaneously run with the antibody determinations as a check on related responses of the animals.
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Avaliação da capacidade antioxidante e do desempenho produtivo da tilápia-do-Nilo alimentada com concentrado de melãoXavier, William dos Santos January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Margarida Maria Barros / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do concentrado de melão rico em SOD (superóxido dismutase) sobre o desempenho produtivo, perfil hematológico e atividade das enzimas antioxidantes da tilápia-do-Nilo submetidas a desafio por estresse térmico e hipóxia. Um grupo de 462 tilápias revertidas sexualmente (8,87 g ± 0,12) foi distribuído aleatoriamente em 42 aquários de 250 L (11 peixes/aquário) e alimentado com sete dietas práticas contendo níveis de concentrado de melão 0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5 e 1,0% por 60 dias. As dietas foram formuladas para conter 29% de proteína digestível e 18 MJ de energia digestível kg-1. Após 60 dias de alimentação, determinou-se o desempenho produtivo, parâmetros hematológicos e atividade das enzimas do sistema antioxidante. Em seguida, os peixes foram submetidos a desafio térmico e hipóxia (34°C/1,87 mg/L-1 de oxigênio dissolvido) por dois dias e os mesmos parâmetros hematológicos e atividade de enzimas do sistema antioxidantes foram determinados após esse período. No presente estudo, o concentrado de melão foi capaz de manter a eritropoiese e a capacidade antioxidante sob estresse térmico e hipóxia, porém não houve efeito no desempenho produtivo. A concentração de malonaldeído presente no filé de peixes alimentados com dietas suplementadas com concentrado de melão diminuiu 1,5 vezes após o estresse. Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem o nível de suplementação entre 0,4 e 0,5% de concentrado de melão capaz de manter a saúde do... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of SOD-rich melon pulp concentrate (SOD-rich MPC) on growth performance, hematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity of Nile tilapia subjected heat/dissolved oxygen-induced stress (HDOIS). A group of 462 male Nile tilapia (8.87 g ± 0.12) was randomly distributed in 42 250-L aquaria (11 fish/tank) and fed seven practical diets with graded levels of SOD-rich MPC at 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 1.0% for 60 days. The diets were formulated to contain 30% crude protein and 18 MJ kg-1 crude energy. After the feeding period, growth performance was evaluated and six fish per treatment were sampled for hematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity. Then, fish were subjected to HDOIS (34°C/1.87 mg/L-1 dissolved oxygen) for two days and the same hematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined. In the present study, SOD-rich MPC was able to keep erythropoiesis and antioxidant capacity under HDOIS, but did not affect growth performance. The concentration of MDA in fish fed diets supplemented with SOD-rich MPC decreased by 1.5 fold after HDOIS. The results of the present study suggest that 0.5% SOD-rich MPC dietary supplementation was appropriate to maintain Nile tilapia health and improve their antioxidant capacity under HDOIS. / Mestre
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Upplevelsen av att få en tunnelerad CVK i lokalanestesiLinn, Öman Olsson, Mikaela, Neuendorf January 2019 (has links)
Bakgrund: Patienter med hematologisk sjukdom erhöll en tunnellerad central venkateter i lokal anestesi inför behandling. Det är vanligt att patienter som är vakna under operation upplever oro. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur patienter med hematologisk sjukdom upplever att få en tunnelerad CVK i lokalanestesi samt hur de anser att upplevelsen kan förbättras. Metod: Studien har en deskriptiv design med kvalitativ metod. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 10 patienter där en intervjuguide med öppna frågor användes. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av systematisk textkondensering enligt Malterud. Resultat: Gemensamt för samtliga patienter i studien var att CVK-ingreppet överlag var en positiv upplevelse. Patienterna beskrev att kontinuerlig information och ett gott omhändertagande på operation bidrog till en positiv upplevelse av att få en tunnelerad CVK. I resultatet framkom fyra teman; 1- mental styrka hjälpte patienterna att känna sig redo, 2- att vara utsatt i en miljö där smärta och obehag förekom, 3- omhändertaget av professionell och erfaren personal bidrog till en lugn stämning, 4- tidigare erfarenheter och information minskade oro och gav patienterna ökad trygghet. Slutsats: Studien visar att det finns potential att göra upplevelsen av att få en tunnelerad CVK bättre med enkla medel. Förbättringen kan ske genom tydligare information, varmare temperatur inne på operationssalen och genom att anestesisjuksköterskan stödjer patienten vid oro. Informationen och vården behöver således bli mer personcentrerad och vårdpersonal behöver öva för att bli bättre på att ge denna vård. / Background: Prior to treatment, patients with haematological disease receives a tunnelled central venous catheter in local anesthesia. It is common for patients who are awake during surgery to experience anxiety. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how patients suffering from hematological diseases experience tunelled central venous cathetrization in local anesthesia and how their experience could be improved. Design: Semistructured interviews using an interview guide with open-ended questions where performed with 10 patients. Data were analysed with systematic text condensation according to Malterud. Result: The included patients had an overall positive experience from recieving a tunelled central venous catheter. The patients described how continuous information and good care improved their experience of recieving a tunelled central venous catheter. Four themes were identified in the result; 1- having mental a strenght made the patients feel relieved and prepared, 2- being exposed to an environment where pain and discomfort were present, 3- being taken care of by experienced professionals contributed to a calm atmosphere, 4- previous experiences and information reduced anxiety and promoted an increased feeling of safety Conclusion: The present study shows the potential to make patients experiences better by simple means, for example by giving more distinct information, raising the temperature in the operating room and by the nurse anesthetist acting more supportive when patients feel anxiety. The information and nursing care need to be more personalized and professionals need to practice in order to improve.
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IMPACTO DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO ALIMENTAR NA TOXICIDADE HEMATOLÓGICA E NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE MULHERES PORTADORAS DE CÂNCER DE MAMA SOB REGIME QUIMIOTERÁPICO ADJUVANTE.Aguiar, Sandra Maria Rosa de 09 April 2008 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2008-04-09 / The chemotherapic adjuvant treatment is associated to neutropenia, complications
of organic defense, alterations in the nutritional status, and negative impact on
quality of life, which compromises the physical, emotional, and social aspects of
cancer patients. Not controlled clinical trial, the type before and after, this work is a
first attempt to analyze the impact of food supplementation with
immunomodulatory nutrients on the hematological profile of patients with breast
neoplasia submitted to chemotherapic adjuvant treatment. This research was
carried out in HEMOLABOR, an oncology/hematology center in Goiânia, state of
Goiás, from November 2007 to January 2008. The dietary supplement was offered
before a chemotherapy cycle, using the following formulations: FAC (a
combination of fluorouracil, adriblastin, and cyclofosfamide) and CMF (a
combination of cyclofosfamide, metotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil). Pre- or postmenopause
patients between 18 and 62 years old, presenting Karnofsky index
70 participated in the study. Patients presenting associated neoplasia, chronic
transmittable (HIV) or non-transmittable diseases (diabetes, hepatic or renal
insufficiency), neurologic or psychiatric problems were excluded. Case inclusion
occurred regardless of the number of chemotherapy cycles already performed and
according to the appointment scheduling of the institution. The sociodemographic,
cultural, and clinic profile of the patients was designed using the WHOQOLbref(
WHO) questionnaire, based on the analysis of their medical records and
oriented interview. The questions were answered aiming at stratifying the
importance of the disease on quality of life according to the patient’s opinion. The
food supplement used is described as an enteral formula for oral supplementation,
nutritionally complete, adequate for special metabolic situations, enriched with
immunomodulatory nutrients (arginine, glutamin, nucleotids, omega-3 fatty acids),
which was consumed during the week preceding a new chemotherapy cycle. The
hematological profile was designed based on the results of complete blood counts
evaluated at three different moments: one cycle before the food supplement
intake, one cycle including the offer of the food supplement, and one cycle after
the food supplement intake. The difference among these hematological profiles
was used as an indicator of food supplementation impact on the patient’s immune
status according to the standard of the World Health Organization, in the analysis
of hematological toxicity. The results showed recovery of total white blood cells
and, specially, of neutrophils after the food supplement intake. An association
between the increase or decrease of cellular levels in the complete blood counts
and the variables age, Karnofsky index, chemotherapy regime, and quality of life
as a whole was not perceived. The data presumably indicate that the gain is lower
when the disease staging is more advanced and induces the thought that the
positive balance of hematological indicators may represent gain as a function of
the nutritional support used. / O tratamento quimioterápico adjuvante está associado à neutropenia com
complicações das defesas orgânicas, alterações no estado nutricional e impacto
negativo na qualidade de vida, comprometendo os aspectos físico, emocional e
social de portadoras de câncer. Ensaio clínico não controlado, do tipo antes e
depois, este trabalho é uma primeira aproximação na análise do impacto da
suplementação alimentar com nutrientes imunomoduladores sobre o perfil
hematológico de pacientes com neoplasia mamária, submetidas à quimioterapia
adjuvante. Foi realizado no HEMOLABOR, centro especializado em oncologia e
hematologia, em Goiânia, Goiás, no período compreendido entre os meses de
novembro de 2007 a janeiro de 2008. A oferta do suplemento dietético foi feita
antes de um ciclo de quimioterapia, nas formulações: FAC (combinação de
fluorouracil, adriblastina e ciclofosfamida) e CMF (Combinação de ciclofosfamida,
metotrexate e 5-fluorouracil). Participaram do estudo pacientes com idade entre
18 e 62 anos, pré ou pós-menopausadas e com índice de Karnofsky igual ou
maior que 70. Foram excluídas aquelas que apresentaram neoplasia associada,
afecção crônica transmissível (HIV) ou não transmissível (diabetes, insuficiência
hepática ou renal), problemas neurológicos ou pisquiátricos. A inclusão dos casos
foi independente do número de ciclos quimioterápicos já realizados e foi feita na
medida dos agendamentos da instituição. Desenhou-se o perfil sócio–econômico,
cultural e clínico das pacientes, utilizando-se o questionário WHOQOL-bref(OMS),
a partir da análise de seus prontuários e de entrevista orientada. As questões
foram respondidas de forma a estratificar o peso da doença sobre a qualidade de
vida na opinião da própria paciente. O suplemento alimentar utilizado é descrito
como fórmula enteral para suplementação oral, nutricionalmente completa, própria
para situações metabólicas especiais; enriquecida com nutrientes
imunomoduladores (arginina, glutamina, nucleotídeos, ácidos graxos ômega 3).
Foi ingerido durante a semana que antecedeu um novo ciclo de quimioterapia. O
perfil hematológico foi desenhado a partir dos resultados de hemograma completo
avaliado em três momentos: um ciclo prévio à suplementação alimentar; um ciclo
que incluiu a oferta do suplemento alimentar e um terceiro ciclo posterior à
suplementação. A diferença entre estes perfis hematológicos foi utilizada como
indicador do impacto da suplementação alimentar sobre o estado imunológico da
paciente, de acordo com a padronização da Organização Mundial de Saúde, na
análise da toxicidade hematológica. Os resultados mostraram uma recuperação
de leucócitos totais e, em particular, de neutrófilos, após a ingestão do
suplemento. Não se pressente associação entre aumento ou redução nos níveis
celulares do hemograma e as variáveis idade, índice de Karnosfik, regime de
quimioterapia e nem mesmo com a qualidade de vida, quando examinada de
forma global. Os dados parecem indicar também que os ganhos são menores
quando o estadiamento da doença está mais avançado e induz ao pensamento
de que o saldo positivo nos indicadores hematológicos possa representar um
ganho em função do suporte nutricional utilizado.
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Avalia??o bioqu?mica, hematol?gica e histopatol?gica de ratos wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Infectados Experimentalmente Por Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). / Biochemical, haematological and histopathological evaluation of rats (Rattus norvegicus) experimentally infected with Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae).Garcia, Juberlan Silva 03 December 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-03 / The trematode Echinostoma paraensei parasitizes the small intestine of rodents,
being its natural definitive host Nectomys squamipes. In spite of the great
importance of echinostomatides, there are few studies on morphology, biology and
physiology of E. paraensei and its interaction with their intermediate and definitive
hosts. In the present study 50 Rattus norvegicus (Wistar),adult females were used,
35 were individually infected with 150 E. paraensei metacercariae (Sumidouro
strain) and 15 were maintained uninfected, as control group. Weekly, seven infected
and three uninfected rodents were euthanized using CO2.The blood was collected to
hematological analysis, and serum obtained by centrifugation and used to aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase
(ALKP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin, glucose, total proteins and
fractions determinations. Fragments of liver were collected to glycogen
determination and histophatological analysis. Adult worms were loaded until third
week of infection, being the higher number of worms loaded at first week of
inection. The hepatocytes had rounded edges, with signs of impaired nuclear, mild
infiltration of polymorphonuclear and sinusoids slightly expanded. The hepatocytes
were vacuolated with discrete perivascular and periportal lymphocytic infiltration.
The serum biochemical parameters analyzed were increased at the first week of
infection, varying onward. Hematological analysis revealed the development of
normocytic and normocromic anaemia with anisocytic alteration. In the white blood
cells, only a leukopenia was observed at the third week of infection. The present
results are discussed. / O tremat?deo Echinostoma paraensei ? um parasito de intestino delgado de
roedores, sendo seu hospedeiro definitivo natural Nectomys squamipes. No presente
estudo, foram utilizadas 50 f?meas adultas de Rattus norvegicus (Wistar), 35
animais infectados individualmente com 150 metacerc?rias de E. paraensei
(linhagem Sumidouro) e 15 animais n?o infectados (controle). Semanalmente, sete
animais infectados e tr?s animais controle foram submetidos ? eutan?sia com CO2.
O sangue foi coletado para an?lise hematol?gica, e o soro obtido por centrifuga??o,
para as determina??es de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanina
aminotransferase (ALT), gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT), fosfatase alcalina
(ALKP), bilirrubina, glicose, prote?nas totais e fra??es. Fragmentos de f?gado foram
coletados para a determina??o de glicog?nio e para a an?lise histopatol?gica.
Vermes adultos foram recuperados at? a terceira semana de infec??o, sendo o maior
n?mro de vermes recuperados na primeira semana. Os hepat?citos apresentavam-se
com bordos arredondados e alguns sinais de comprometimento nuclear, infiltra??o
por polimorfonucleares nos sinus?ides, vacuoliza??o, discreta infiltra??o
linfoplasmocit?ria perivascular e periportal com poucas c?lulas mononucleares
presentes na luz do ducto biliar, alguns hepat?citos estavam hipotrofiados. As
an?lises hematol?gicas revelaram o desenvolvimento de uma anemia normoc?tica
normocr?mica, com anisocitose. N?o foram observadas altera??es significativas na
s?rie branca, havendo apenas uma leucopenia na terceira semana de infec??o. Os
resultados obtidos s?o discutidos.
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Zdravstveno stanje i kvalitet mesa svinja rase mangulica i meleza između rase mangulica i duroka / The state of health of the pig meat breeds of mangulets and molasses between the race of mangulets and durokŠević Radoslav 07 February 2018 (has links)
<p>Istraživanje je sprovedeno u cilju utvrđivanja uticaja ukrštanja mangulice sa durokom na proizvodne i zdravstvene parametre, kao i na kvalitet mesa, a sve to uporedo sa jednom modernom plemenitom rasom svinja – veliki jorkšir. U tu svrhu formirane su tri grupe – genotipa svinja, čista rasa bela mangulica (BM), melezi duroka i bele mangulice (DBM), i čista rasa veliki jorkšir (VJ), koji su smešteni u iste uslove ishrane, nege i držanja. Svinje iz grupa DBM i VJ su znatno brže prirasle do ciljane telesne mase od 150 kg u odnosu na svinje BM. Tako je melezima duroka i bele mangulice trebalo u proseku 168 dana manje, a svinjama iz grupe VJ 288 dana manje kako bi dostigli ciljanu telesnu masu u odnosu na svinje bele mangulice u čistoj rasi. Po pitanju zdravstvenog stanja i nalaza na trupovima zaklanih svinja post mortem nisu utvrđene značajne razlike. Značajne razlike su utvrđene u hematološkim i biohemijskim parametrima i to između sve tri ispitivane grupe, ali i između različitih starosnih kategorija u okviru iste ispitivane grupe, što nam ukazuje na značaj tačnijeg utvrđivanja referentnih parametara normalnih fizioloških vrednosti hematoloških i biohemijskih parametara ne samo posebno za pojedine vrste životinja, već dakako i za različite starosne kategorije u okviru iste vrste. Meso poreklom od svinja iz grupe BM imalo je najveći sadržaj intramuskularne masnoće, i tamniju i crveniju boju, dok za njima odmah slede melezi sa značajnim razlikama između sva tri ispitivana genotipa. Nadalje, meso svinja rase bela mangulica je imalo značajno veću krajnju vrednost pH, bolju sposobnost vezivanja vode, veći sadržaj kalcijuma, cinka, gvožđa, bakra i mangana, u poređenju sa druga dva genotipa. Ukrštanje bele mangulice i duroka je imalo značajan uticaj na pojedinačni sastav masnih kiselina u mesu. Međutim, zbir zasićenih, mononezasićenih i polinezasićenih masnih kiselina je ostao nepromenjen. Meso svinja rase bela mangulica i meleza dobijenih ukrštanjem svinja rasa bela mangulica i durok značajno je nežnije – mekše. Mononezasićene masne kiseline su najzastupljenije u mesu poreklom od svih životinja, dok za njima slede zasićene i na kraju polinezasićene masne kiseline. Meso poreklom od BM i DBM je imalo značajno veći sadržaj mononezasićenih masnih kiselina, i značajno manji sadržaj zasićenih masnih kiselina u odnosu na VJ. Generalno, na osnovu svih ispitanih parametara kvaliteta polutki i mesa može se konstatovati da svinje rase bela mangulica karakteriše manja mesnatost polutki, ali i meso koje ima odličan senzorski, tehnološki i nutritivni kvalitet, dok meleze svinja dobijenih ukrštanjem svinja rasa bela mangulica i durok karakteriše veća mesnatost polutki i nešto slabiji, ali još uvek veoma dobar, kvalitet mesa, te su neophodna dodatna istraživanja kako bi smo dobili i podatake o kvalitetu suvomesnatih proizvoda. Takođe, potrebna su dodatna<br />istraživanja, preciznijeg karaktera u pogledu kvaliteta i ekonomičnosti proizvodnje kod autohtonih rasa, kao i preispitivanje kriterijuma selekcije koji se primenjuju kod mangulice, te parametara genetskog progresa, tj. efekta selekcije, kako bi iako autohtona uhvatila korak za opstanak ili prestiž u odnosu na moderne rase svinja.</p> / <p>The research was carried out in order to determine the effect of the cross-breeding of mangulets with durok on production and health parameters, as well as on the quality of meat, all along with a modern, noble breed of pigs - a large Yorkshire. For this purpose, three groups - pig genotypes, pure breeds of white mangulica (BM), meliaceae and white manguns (DBM), and pure breed, Yorkshire (VJ), were placed in the same conditions of nutrition, care and keeping. Pigs from the DBM and VJ groups increased significantly to a target bodyweight of 150 kg compared to BM pigs. Thus, mulberry and white mangulets were average 168 days less, and 288 days lower for pigs from the VJ group in order to reach their target body mass compared to white mangun pigs in a clean race. There are no significant differences in terms of health status and findings on carcases of slaughtered pigs post-mortem. Significant differences were established in the hematological and biochemical parameters, among all three groups studied, but also between different age categories within the same investigated group, which points to the importance of more precise determination of the reference parameters of normal physiological values of hematologic and biochemical parameters not only for individual species of animals, but also for different age categories within the same species. Meat originating from pigs from the BM group had the highest content of intramuscular fat, and the darker and redder color, followed by moles with significant differences between all three investigated genotypes. Furthermore, the pig meat of the white mangulce had a significantly higher end value of pH, better water binding capacity, higher content of calcium, zinc, iron, copper and manganese, compared to the other two genotypes. The crossing of white mangulce and durok had a significant effect on the individual composition of fatty acids in the meat. However, the sum of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids remained unchanged. Meat of pig breeds white mangulica and molasses obtained by crossing the pig race white mangulica and durok is significantly more gentler - softer. Monounsaturated fatty acids are the most common in meat originating from all animals, followed by saturated and at the end of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Meat originating from BM and DBM had a significantly higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids, and significantly lower saturated fatty acid content than VJ. In general, on the basis of all the tested parameters of the quality of the halves and flesh, it can be concluded that the pig breeds of white mangulets are characterized by lower meatiness of the hemispheres, but also meat that has excellent sensory, technological and nutritive quality, while the piglets of pigs obtained by crossing the pig rasa white mangulica and durok are characterized by larger lean meat and slightly weaker but still very good quality of meat, and further research is needed in order to obtain data on the quality of the cream products. Also, additional ones are needed<br />research, a more precise character in terms of quality and cost-effectiveness in autochthonous breeds, as well as the reconsideration of selection criteria applied to mangulas and parameters of genetic progress, i.e. the effect of the selection, in order to take an autochthonous step in survival or prestige in relation to modern pig breeds.</p>
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Natural Killer cell subsets in hematological diseases : learning for immunotherapy / Sous-ensembles de cellules Natural Killer dans les maladies hématologiques : apprentissage pour l'immunothérapieVo, Dang Nghiem 03 July 2018 (has links)
Les cellules Natural Killer (NK) sont des lymphocytes cytotoxiques innés qui jouent un rôle important dans le contrôle immunitaire de la formation de cellules tumorales et de l'infection virale. Chez les personnes en bonne santé, les cellules NK représentent des populations hétérogènes définies par différents marqueurs phénotypiques et exécutant des fonctions spécifiques. Les cellules NK provenant de patients présentant des tumeurs malignes néoplasiques et une infection virale sont cependant typiquement distinctes des personnes en bonne santé par l'apparition de sous-ensembles de cellules NK, qui sont différenciées par leur profil d'isoformes CD45. CD45 est une tyrosine phosphatase leucocytaire commune abondamment exprimée sur toutes les cellules immunitaires hématopoïétiques nucléées. Un variant d'épissage alternatif a entraîné la génération de l'isoforme CD45RA longue et de l'isoforme courte CD45RO, qui s'expriment différemment sur les cellules T naïves et effectrices / mémoires. L'expression des isoformes CD45 sur les cellules NK est largement inconnue. Nous avons précédemment montré que l'expression différentielle des isoformes CD45RA et CD45RO a identifié des sous-ensembles de cellules NK spécifiques dans les maladies hématologiques. Une question reste floue: comment ces cellules CD45RARO + NK changent-elles lorsque leurs cellules cibles disparaissent? Nous avons utilisé des cellules NK de patients traités avec Lenalidomide et l'anticorps anti-CD20 Obinutuzumab pour étudier cela et montré une réduction des cellules CD45RARO / CD45RO + NK après la clairance des cellules tumorales (Chater 4). Nous avons observé la même chose chez les patients atteints de LMA après une chimiothérapie. Dans ce cas, le sous-ensemble de cellules CD45RARO + NK est fortement corrélé avec la trogocytose du marqueur monocyte / macrophage CD14 (Chapitre 5). L'immunophénotypage de cellules NK provenant de patients infectés par le VIH a révélé la présence de cellules CD45RAdim et CD45RO + avec une expression réduite de CD16 et une diminution de la modulation NKG2D totale. En résumé, les cellules NK des cancers hématologiques et l'infection par le VIH présentaient des caractéristiques dysfonctionnelles et l'analyse du profil isoforme CD45 dans ces conditions pathologiques dévoile ces caractéristiques.Enfin, afin de retrouver la réponse immunitaire anti-tumorale chez les patients cancéreux, nous présentons une méthode efficace pour l'expansion in vitro de cellules NK hautement activées à partir du sang du cordon ombilical (UCB). Ces cellules NK prouvent une cytotoxicité cellulaire dépendante des anticorps (ADCC) importante lorsqu'elles sont utilisées en combinaison avec des anticorps monoclonaux approuvés sur le plan clinique ciblant divers antigènes tumoraux. Ceci ouvre leur utilisation dans les immunothérapies à base de cellules NK allogéniques. / Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphocytes that play an important role in immune control of tumor cell formation and virus infection. In healthy people, NK cell represents heterogeneous populations defined by different phenotypical markers and performing specific functions. NK cells from patients with neoplastic malignancies and viral infection are however typically distinctive from healthy people by the appearance of NK cell subsets, which are differentiated by their CD45 isoform profile. CD45 is a common-leukocyte tyrosine phosphatase abundantly expressed on all nucleated hematopoietic immune cells. Alternative splicing variant resulted in generation of the long-isoform CD45RA and the short-isoform CD45RO, which express differently on naïve and effector/memory T cells. Expression of CD45 isoforms on NK cells is largely unknown. We have previously shown that differential expression of CD45RA and CD45RO isoforms identified specific NK cell subsets in hematological diseases. One question remained unclear: how do these CD45RARO+ NK cell changes when their target cells disappeared? We used NK cells from patients treated with Lenalidomide and the anti-CD20 antibody Obinutuzumab to investigate this and showed a reduction in CD45RARO/CD45RO+ NK cells upon clearance of tumor cells (Chater 4). We observed the same in AML patients after chemotherapy. In this case the CD45RARO+ NK cell subset strongly correlates with trogocytosis of the monocyte/macrophage marker CD14 (Chapter 5). Immunophenotyping of NK cells from HIV-infected patients revealed the presence of CD45RAdim and CD45RO+ cells with reduced CD16 expression and total NKG2D down-modulation. In summary, NK cell from hematological cancers and HIV infection displayed dysfunctional hallmarks and analyzing CD45 isoform profile in these pathological conditions unveils these hallmarks.Finally, in order to regain the anti-tumor immune response in cancer patients, we present an efficient method for expansion of highly activated NK cells from umbilical cord blood (UCB) in vitro. These NK cells prove substantial antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) when used in combination with clinical-approved monoclonal antibodies targeting various tumor antigens. This paves their use in allogeneic NK cell-based immunotherapies.
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