Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:59:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_fp_me_arafcl.pdf: 531905 bytes, checksum: 167adb5226ceab33f3a09bc2276bfd89 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo realiza uma avaliação das diferentes abordagens da racionalidade e suas implicações sobre a compreensão dos fenômenos econômicos. Neste sentido, utilizar-se-á um referencial teórico abrangente, pois a adequada compreensão desse tema exige aproximações teóricas de varias matrizes potencialmente complementares. Isso será feito com o intuito de oferecer um retrato não estilizado da racionalidade, seja na abordagem neoclássica, seja na abordagem de Herbert Simon. A concepção neoclássica se expressa através de postulados, que possuem baixa correspondência com a realidade, sobretudo, por pressupor processos cognitivos de maneira idealizada e incerteza na forma probabilística. Consequentemente, essa representação altera características importantes dos agentes e do ambiente. A concepção de racionalidade limita de Herbert Simon gera avanços nos campos explicativos e descritivos, principalmente para cenários bem estabelecidos. Em especial, permite conhecer como os agentes interpretam e representam diferentes problemas, além disso, contribui para elucidar qual o processo e as ações que ligam o objetivo ao resultado. Por conseguinte, gera avanços significativos em relação à compreensão ofertada pela teoria neoclássica, ademais essas pesquisas produziram como subproduto uma noção de complexidade, pois a racionalidade é limitada em virtude dos processos complexos que caracterizam o ambiente. Neste sentido, a utilização desse conceito em situações instáveis gerou avanços no conhecimento. Entretanto, é necessário aprofundar essa relação para se obter respostas para condições de incerteza forte, questão não restrita ao conhecimento econômico, já que se relaciona com o avanço da filosofia e métodos da ciência / This dissertation makes an evaluation of different approaches of rationality and its implications about the understanding of economical phenomena. For that, it will be adopted a wide-ranging theoretical references, because the appropriate understanding of this subject demands theoretical approximation of various matrices with potential overlapping. This will be done in order to offer a non stylized portrait of rationality, either in a neoclassical approach or the Hebert Simon approach. The neoclassical notion is expressed through assumptions, which are fairly different from reality, due to the fact that presumes the cognitive process in an idealized way and also to associate uncertainty and probabilities. Consequently, this representation changes important characteristics of the agents and environment. The notion of bounded rationality of Hebert Simon generates improvement in the explanatory and descriptive fields, mainly for well-established scenarios. Especially, it allows knowing how the agents interpret and show different problems. Besides that, it contributes to elucidate which process and actions link the object to the result. In consequence, creates remarkable improvements in relation to the understanding offered by the neoclassic theory, moreover, these researches produce as a sub-product a notion of complexity, because rationality is bounded due to complex process that characterized the environment. For this reason, the use of this concept in unstable situations generates improvement of knowledge. Nevertheless, it is necessary to get deep into this relationship to obtain answers in circumstances of strong uncertainty, a matter not exclusive to economics knowledge because it is already related to the advance of philosophy and science methods

O presente estudo possui características de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, cujo objetivo é comparar a Reengenharia e a Qualidade Total, através de Critérios de Relevância identificados a partir de uma revisão dos clássicos da literatura administrativa. A idéia aqui esboçada é procurar identificar o que é essencial nestes novos modelos, e quais seriam suas contribuições mais significativas para entender tais tecnologias enquanto instrumentos eficazes para que as organizações façam aquilo que elas se propõem a fazer. O produto do presente estudo visa oferecer subsídios para o entendimento das duas abordagens, bem como representa a tentativa de sugerir alternativas para a ampliação das mesmas. / The present study has the characteristic of an exploratory research . The objective is to compare Reengineering and Total Quality based on relevance criteria identified through the sutdy of selected authors of the administrative theory. The main ideia here outlined isto look for the essential elements in each model and find out which are their most significant contributions to the understanding of these new technologies as efficient instruments for carrying out the, organization objectives. The final product of the present study is a better understanding of both approaches and na attempt to contribute to their improvement.

Esta dissertação apresenta o sentido ético do cuidado de si voltado aos ambientes competitivos de trabalho, a partir das obras de Sêneca, intituladas Da tranquilidade da alma, A brevidade da vida, A vida feliz e Cartas a Lucílio, tendo como apoio teórico as interpretações feitas por Michel Foucault, no livro A hermenêutica do sujeito. O estudo das referidas obras de Sêneca permite demonstrar suas inter-relações com o cuidado de si e com o cuidado do outro, bem como, com o significado do cuidado de si, no contexto estoico desse filósofo. Diante da questão sobre qual o sentido do cuidado de si em ambientes competitivos de trabalho, os quais podem não se limitar apenas à extensão do espaço físico, mas se estender à dimensão da vida do indivíduo, examina-se o sentido de cuidado de si, pelo olhar ético de Sêneca, e se o relaciona aos ambientes competitivos de trabalho. Por meio da análise da teoria de Sêneca e do entendimento sobre a constituição dos ambientes competitivos, amparados na obra de Herbert Marcuse, A ideologia da sociedade unidimensional, e nas obras de Foucault, Microfísica do poder, Vigiar e punir e As palavras e as coisas, é possível refletir se o cuidado de si e a competição são um paradoxo para o homem que exerce seu trabalho, seja para garantir seu sustento ou para buscar níveis mais elevados de desempenho e realização pessoal. / This dissertation introduces the ethical sense of self-care focused to the competitive work environments, from the works of Seneca, entitled From tranquility of the Soul, The brevity of life, The happy life and Letters to Lucilio, having as a theory support, the interpretations made by Michel Foucault, in the book The Hermeneutics of the Subject. The study of the mentioned works of Seneca allows to demonstrate their interrelations with self-care and with care of others as well as with the meaning of self-care in the unfailing context of this philosopher. Faced with the question of what is the meaning of self-care in competitive work environments, which can not be restricted only to the extention of physical space, but extend to the dimension of the individual's life, intended to consider the sense of self-care, by the ethical look of Seneca and relate it to competitive work environments. Through analysis of Seneca’s theory and understanding of the competitive environments' formation, supported in the Herbert Marcuse's work, The ideology of one-dimensional society and in the works of Foucault, Monitor and Punish and Words and Things, you can reflect if the self-care and the competition are a paradox for the man who does his job, to guarantee his sustenance or look for higher performance's levels and personnel achievement.

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In this thesis ”The Dialectics of Technology: Ambivalences and Ruptures in Herbert Marcuses’ Philosophy of Technology” I present a thorough analysis of Herbert Marcuses’philosophy of technology as it developed from the late 1940s until his death in 1979. Whereas, previous studies have tried to reduce his philosophy of technology to one coherent project, I argue that his philosophy of technology is characterised by ambivalences and ruptures and therefore cannot be reduced to such a coherent totality. Marcuses’ philosophy of technology vacillates between what I, with Andrew Feenbergs’ concepts, callan instrumentalist and substantialist notion of technology. An instrumentalist notion is one where technology is understood merely as a tool to be wielded by external actors, in Marcuses’ case that of the capitalist class and the state. In contrast to this, Marcuse also precents a substantialist philosophy of technology, where it is imbued with its own agency and direction.The previous scholarship has largely reduced Marcuses’ philosophy to one of these positions, rather than emphasising how both of them are present through out the text. Furthermore, I argue that his substantialist understanding of technology itself is characterised by ruptures and ambivalences, where technology is viewed both as inherently emancipatory and as inherently subjugating. It is in regard to this duality I argue that his philosophy of technology should be understood as dialectical, in the sense that technology at the same time can be a central part of human subjection and one of the most important vehicles for emancipation. In relation to this, I agree with Samir Gandesha that one of the most fruitful directions Marcuses’ philosophy opens is an understanding of technology as bearer of a historical substance, that is to say that technology is imbued with certain goals, desires and world-views beyond those of the wielder, while at the same time understanding that this substance can be changed through historical processes. Beyond the more exegetic presentation of Marcuses’ philosophy and the critique against the previous scholarship, I argue for critical theory, and especially Marcuses’, relevance for current debates around technology and automation. In the current debates between left wing accelerationist cheerleaders of technology and those radicals more sceptical of technologies emancipatory potential, an investigation into the nature of technology itself is severely lacking. While, the former uncritically embraces the technology arisen in capitalist society and views it as a direct path towards a utopian post-scarcity communism,the latter solely focuses on technology as a tool of capitalist class power. In relation to this, I argue that the historical and dialectical understanding of technology that can be salvaged from Marcuses oeuvre would be a welcome and useful addition to the debate.

This paper considers the way Herbert Marcuse’s re-formulation of the instrumental reason as a technical reason can be understood as an intensification or acceleration of some of the themes presented by Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer in The Dialectics of Enlightenment. By reading Marcuse´s The One-Dimensional Man in dialogue with Martin Heidegger’s The Question Concerning Technology, the paper explores a thesis that Marcuse draws on concepts from Heidegger, especially Ge-stell and Bestand, in his notion of the “technical reason” and “technological rationality” to think and think beyond modern technology. By positing modern technology as the focal point of the instrumentalization of reason, Marcuse sheds light of historical and contemporary problems with human thinking. The staging of this conversation with Marcuse and Heidegger that never really took place allows the paper to fully explore and understand Marcuse’s invoking of the aesthetical dimension, as well as his re-appropriation of Freudian terminology, as a model to re-establish negative thinking as a necessary counteraction to the one-dimensional positive thinking that is dominating private and public sphere.