Este estudo tem como objetivo geral compreender como os memoriais da Praça da Matriz constroem sua importância institucional para o Estado por meio de seus heróis organizacionais. Como objetivos específicos buscaram-se evidenciar as diferenças teóricas entre memória e história e seu uso na comunicação organizacional; verificar a influência do Positivismo no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e as implicações em organizações na Praça da Matriz de Porto Alegre; analisar exposições de memoriais de organizações públicas localizados ao redor da Praça da Matriz de Porto Alegre. Para tanto, adotou-se como apoio teórico a literatura de várias áreas do conhecimento - como Sociologia, História, Ciências da Informação e Comunicação -, estabelecendo uma colagem de ideias e conceitos extraídos de seus contextos originais, como uma espécie de reconstrução do pensamento Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para o desenvolvimento da análise foram a visita e descrição dos memoriais e análise documental referente aos objetos expostos sobre os heróis organizacionais, preenchendo o quadro da Jornada do Herói, com as respectivas etapas e reflexão sobre suas criações no ambiente organizacional e na comparação entre eles. O estudo destaca a importância dos profissionais de comunicação pensarem mais sobre a construção dos mitos nos discursos da história institucional, refletindo desde sua escolha pelos historiadores até sua influência social e cultural para a organização. / This study has as a main objective to understand how the memorials of Matriz Square, in Porto Alegre, build their institutional relevance for the State by means of their organizational heroes. As per a specific objective, the intention was to highlight the theoretical diferences between memory and history and their use in organizational communication; to verify the influence of Positivism in Rio Grande do Sul State and the implications in organizations at Matriz Square; to analyze exhibitions of memorials of public organizations located in the surroundings of Matriz Square. In order to do so, the theoretical support that was needed was the literature of various fields on the knowledge, such as Sociology, History, Information Science and Communication, establishing a collage of ideas and concepts taken from their original contexts, as a kind of a thought reconstruction. The methodological procedures that were used for the development of the analysis were the visitation and description of the memorials and documental analysis regarding the exhibited objects about the organizational heroes, filling out the chart of the Hero Journey, with their respective stages and reflections on their creations in the organizational environment and comparisons between them. This study highlights the relevance of professionals of communication to think more about the construction of the myths in the speeches of institutional history, reflecting from the choosing of their historians up to their cultural and social influence on the organization.

Trần Hưng Đạo, le fameux général de la dynastie des Trần (13e siècle) qui fut l’un des premiers théoriciens de la guerre de guérilla et repoussa à trois reprises les invasions mongoles, est devenu au fil d’un long processus historique, l’un des principaux héros nationaux, une divinité de premier plan et un fleuron du patrimoine et de l’identité nationale du Vietnam. Dans cette thèse l’auteure analyse la manière dont au fil des époques et des crises politiques que le pays a connues, notamment dans sa lutte contre les impérialismes chinois, français et américain, cette figure historique a été construite à la fois comme héros, divinité et symbole identitaire. Prenant appui sur le recueil d’archives et l’enquête ehnographique, l’étude montre comment intérêts politiques et religieux, locaux et étatiques se combinent pour élaborer une mythologie et des cultes qui satisfont des objectifs collectifs et individuels changeant au fil des époques. Elle offre aussi un aperçu de l’évolution contemporaine du système religieux vietnamien dans le contexte d’une ouverture croissante du pays sur le monde et sur l’économie de marché. / Trần Hưng Đạo, a famous general of the Trần dynasty (13th century), who was a theorician of the guerilla war and who pushed three times the Mongol invaders out of the Ðai Viêt, has become, over a long historical process, one of the most important national hero, a prominent deity of the pantheon and a major symbol of the Vietnam’s cultural heritage and national identity. In her PhD dissertation, the author analyses how this historical figure has been progressively constructed as a national hero and an omnipotent deity over the country’s struggles against Chinese, French and American imperialisms. On the basis of researches in archive and of ethnographic fieldwork, the study shows how political and religious spheres, local and state interests combine to develop a mythology and cults that meet changing collective and individual goals. The study also provides an overview of the contemporary evolution of the vietnamese religious system, in the context of an increasing openness of the country to the world and the market economy.

The oral folk history of William Bernard "Big Six" Henderson is unique in that Henderson himself has been a contributing factor in keeping the tales of his moonshining experiences in the oral traditions of distinct areas of Kentucky, especially Cumberland County. Interviewing Henderson and apprehended and non-apprehended moonshiners allowed speculation into the concept that Henderson was indeed a folk hero. Using Dixon Wector's requirements for heroes, the hero performing unselfish service, acquiring a nickname, obtaining sympathy for handicaps, struggles, and failures, and reaching hero status after death, and providing examples of Henderson's encounters with moonshiners, verifies Henderson's hero status, except Henderson is a hero prior to his death. Mody Boatright's additional characteristics of combat with individuals, boasting, a pride in weapons, women, and animals, a remarkable birth, and becoming a hero after a tragic and supernatural death gives concrete support for Henderson being raised to the level of folk hero. Again, Henderson qualifies as a folk hero, disregarding his future demise. This paper is divided into the following parts: (1) an introduction which gives reasons for a study of this type; (2) the background and careers of Henderson; (3) the tales involving Henderson and various Moonshiners; (4) Henderson's status as a folk hero; (5) conclusions and suggestions for future studies of this nature; and (6) a brief sketch of the informants.

The following graduate report is the review of my artistic developments after three years of rigorous training in photography at The University of Texas at Austin. After a long period of not producing artwork, my entrance into graduate school at UT was the first step for beginning to take pictures and rethinking my objectives as an artist. I have to confess that when I was applying to graduate school I did not consider art as the profession I wanted develop in my life; instead, I applied to schools that had an strong focus in commercial photography. As a Colombian, most of my concerns were more about how to make a living. In my hometown, the only way to be independent is through a professional job, rather than what in the United States is called blue-collar work, including waiting tables or services in general. When I realized again that I was immersed in an endless dialogue about art, I had to reconsider my objectives to assume the idea of how I was going to combine my creative skills with a strong research in contemporary thinking about the visual image. My three biggest challenges when entering graduate school were finding a subject to begin to photograph again, exploring the idea of being part of a new community considering my arrival from a different country, and developing strong technical photographic skills. My relation to the United States in my artwork was the first thematic. Since I was a child and until my undergraduate research project, I always came to the United States as a spectator that experienced the country from the outside. My longest encounter as an observer was in 2004 when I came to do research on illegal immigrants for my undergraduate theses research. At that time, my approach to photography and art was mostly documentary where the visual result was based on video interviews and formal portraits of a minority I was interested in. I tried to find an explanation for the immense flow of people across the border between the United States and México. Once I was already here, after three years, living in a different city, I realized that I still was interested in photographing people and decided to focus on American stereotypes. Probably one of the issues I began to face was that I discovered that I was not enjoying carrying my camera all the time and thinking as a photographer that documented daily life. My interest was more in using the camera for specific projects rather than documenting my surroundings. At that point, I realized that staging was going to be the main modus operandi for creating artwork. From there I began to think in different projects that were developed throughout the three years of the program. / text

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on July 22, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Melbourne, 2004. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 11, 2005). Includes filmography (p. 269-271) and bibliographical references (p. 272-316).

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / On title page: M.Phil in Ancient Cultures. Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

A presente tese está calcada na análise da obra de Ariano Suassuna, o Romance dA Pedra do Reino e o príncipe do sangue do vai-e-volta, considerado pelo autor como a sua obra maior e, a princípio, o primeiro volume da trilogia A maravilhosa desaventura de Quaderna, o decifrador, e no primeiro volume da segunda parte da trilogia, O rei degolado ao Sol da Onça Caetana. O trabalho consiste, fundamentalmente, em examinar o diálogo estabelecido entre a obra de Suassuna com textos representativos da tradição literária ocidental, mais propriamente com os que remontam ao medievo. Para isso, fez-se um recorte nas relações que o romance trava com a matéria cavaleiresca, principalmente com a Demanda do Santo Graal, na sua estrutura e no desenho psicológico e moral dos personagens, notadamente de Sinésio, que encarna o mito do herói prometido, cujos paradigmas se assentam na figura lendária do Rei Artur, além de Galaaz, e na histórica de D. Sebastião, o rei desaparecido de Portugal. Sabe-se que esses reis e heróis míticos, considerados salvadores, uma vez que retornariam para restituir ao povo a dignidade e a liberdade perdidas, povoaram o imaginário ibérico e chegaram ao Brasil trazidos pelos colonizadores europeus. Dessa forma, a cultura popular do Nordeste brasileiro é povoada de histórias e lendas eternizadas e recriadas no folclore da região e na literatura de Cordel. Mas, ao lado do messianismo, outro aspecto faz-se notório nos personagens de Suassuna: a crueldade. E este tema, bem como o nome do personagem D. Pedro Dinis Quaderna, remete-nos para a história de alguns reis ibéricos da Idade Média: Pedro de Portugal e Pedro de Castela, que serão revisitados à luz da Crônica de D. Pedro de Fernão Lopes, no intuito de observar-se o diálogo com esta estabelecido por Suassuna, direta ou indiretamente / This doctoral thesis (Brazilian format for Dissertation) dwells on an analysis of the novel A Pedra do Reino e o Príncipe do Sangue do Vai-e-Volta by Ariano Suassuna, considered his greatest work and the first installment of the trilogy A maravilhosa desaventura de Quaderna, o decifrador, being the second part of that trilogy O Rei Degolado ao Sol da Onça Caetana. This research consists essentially in examining the dialogue established among Suassunas work and texts representing western literary tradition more properly concerning the medieval period. A selection of relations found in that novel concerning chivalry was then chosen, more specifically concerning the Quest for the Holy Grail (Demanda do Santo Graal) in its structure and in the psychological and moral design of the characters, especially Sinésio, who embodies the myth of the promised hero, whose paradigms regard the legendary figure of King Arthur, in addition to Galahad, and in King Sebastians historical figure, the King of Portugal who went missing. It is well-known that these mythical kings and heroes, considered saviors, wound once return to restitute people with their lost dignity and freedom, being part of the imaginary world in Iberia. They were brought to Brazil by European colonizers. Thus, the popular culture in Northeastern Brazil is filled with stories and legends rendered eternal and recreated in their regional folklore, as well as in the Cordel Literature (a popular form of literature in the region). Yet, aside from its messianic trait, another aspect is notable in Suassunas characters: cruelty. This theme, as well as the name of the character D. Pedro Dinis Quaderna, leads us to the story of certain Iberian Kings from the Middle Ages: Pedro of Portugal and Pedro of Castile, later revisited in the Crônica de D. Pedro by Fernão Lopes, aiming to observe the dialogue, directly or indirectly, with Suassunas writing

[pt] Num mundo onde ser celebridade tornou-se algo a ser almejado, há um interesse crescente pela vida de pessoas que se tornaram famosas. Esse interesse está diretamente relacionado com as narrativas midiáticas da vida das celebridades, uma vez que, a partir do exemplo de alguém que já conseguiu o estrelato, pode ser possível tentar seguir o mesmo caminho. Nesta dissertação, vamos identificar as estratégias utilizadas na narrativa do programa Por toda Minha Vida, da Rede Globo, a fim de permitir que o telespectador, a partir do conhecimento da trajetória de vida de um personagem exemplar – artistas ligados à Música Popular Brasileira –, possa acreditar que é possível que a sua própria vida tenha igualmente sucesso e felicidade. Para atingirmos esse objetivo, analisaremos como se dá o percurso do personagem exemplar na narrativa biográfica desse programa de televisão, as estratégias que permitem que a história narrada seja crível e os elementos utilizados para criar apelo emocional e identificação entre o telespectador e o personagem exemplar, um verdadeiro herói, digno de admiração. / [en] In a world where being celebrity has become something to be desired, there is a growing interest in the lives of people who have become famous. This interest is directly related to the media narratives of celebrity life, since, from the example of someone who has already achieved stardom, it may be possible to try to follow the same path. In this dissertation, we will identify and analyze the strategies used in the narrative of the program Por toda minha vida, produced by Rede Globo, in order to allow the viewer, from the knowledge of the life story of an exemplary character - artists linked to Brazilian popular music - may believe that it is possible that his own life also has success and happiness. To achieve this goal, we will analyze how is how is the path of exemplary character in the biographical narrative of this TV program, strategies that allow the narrated story is believable and the elements used to create emotional appeal and identification between the viewer and the exemplary character, a true hero, worthy of admiration.

Cette thèse de doctorat établit la relation entre les représentations de l’activité physique et sportive et les attitudes à l’égard des personnes porteuses de déficience dans un contexte interculturel, celui des étudiants en mobilité temporaire de l’université de Strasbourg. Il a été établi que certaines représentations de l’activité physique et sportive principalement centrée autour de la santé et/ou la compétition ont une influence sur les attitudes à l’égard des personnes porteuses de déficience chez les étudiants étrangers. Une enquête par questionnaire en ligne (N= 399), une démarche d’entretiens semi-directifs (N=20) et un recueil de données ethnographiques ont été articulés pour obtenir le corpus empirique à analyser. Pour examiner les attitudes des étudiants étrangers à l’Université de Strasbourg, nous avons élaboré le concept de « déficience dérangeante » en nous basant sur les notions « d’inquiétante étrangeté » et le concept de « vallée dérangeante » employés respectivement dans le champ de la psychologie et le champ de la robotique. De plus, nous avons utilisé le concept de « dimension culturelle » d’Hofstede, afin de découvrir s’il existe une forme d’homogénéisation culturelle dans la perception des personnes en situation de handicap. Ce travail a permis de mettre en lumière l’existence de discours idéologique sur l’accessibilité et le sport santé, s’exprimant dans toutes les cultures chez les étudiants étrangers. Ces discours sont présents dans les représentations de l’activité physique et sportive et dans les attitudes portées à l’égard des individus porteurs de déficience, ils utilisent d’ailleurs des mécanismes similaires. Il a aussi été démontré qu’il existe chez les étudiants une dichotomie entre le corps et l’esprit qui avait une influence à la fois sur les représentations de l’activité physique et sportive, mais également sur la vision de la déficience. Cette dichotomie s’exprimant chez tous les étudiants interrogés en dépit des différences de culture, bien qu’il existe certaines nuances en fonction de la culture interrogée. Il a également été observé des similitudes entre la façon dont les sportifs de haut niveau et les personnes porteuses de déficience sont perçus par cette population. En effet, ces deux populations sont vues comme « hors norme » ou comme étant des héros. Nous démontrons comment les représentations du sportif de haut niveau sont similaires à celles des personnes en situation de handicap, et en quoi ces deux populations vivent le même processus d’altérisation. / This thesis establishes a link between physical and sporting activities and the attitudes toward disabled people. Foreign students at the University of Strasbourg are put in an intercultural context. In this context, we have demonstrated that some physical and sportive activities, which mainly focuses on health and/or competition, have an impact on the attitudes toward disabled people. Quantitative thanks to an online survey (N=399), qualitative thanks to semi directive interview (N=20) and ethnographic methods were used to establish such link. In order to analyze we have elaborated the notion of “disturbing disability,” based on the Freudian notion of “worrying strangeness,” and the concept of the “uncanny valley,” mainly used in the field of robotics. Furthermore, we have used Hofstede’s concept of “cultural dimension” to uncover a cultural homogenization in the perception of disabled people. This homogenization manifests itself in every culture through some ideological speeches that are present in the representation of physical and sporting activities, and the attitudes toward disabled people. These speeches are not identical, but both are based on the same mechanisms. This work has also illustrated that for foreign students there is a dichotomy between mind and body that expresses itself in every culture, and has an influence in the perception of physical and sporting activities, as well as on disability. Finally, in this thesis we have proven that both athletes and disabled people are seen as “special”, “inhuman” or “heroic” because they both go through the same “othering” process.