Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WinifredK_capa_ate_secao3.pdf: 2697462 bytes, checksum: 4ff44e7967fc0793c1ab890db223c357 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This research focuses on the fishery activity, aligned to knowledge of past generations, and the transformation to those who depend on this activity for their livelihood, at the seashore community of Pitangui in Extremoz municipality, which lies 40 km away from Natal, seat of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The intense modernization which has taking place during the last few years may be considered the result of a number of economic, social and cultural factors, as the introduction of new fishery technology. On the other hand, the present study seeks to show how this changing process happened, and to what extent those affected understand and evaluate this transformation. The methodology to carry out the ethnographic work was mainly adopted by qualitative methods and techniques - by participant observation, oral history, photography and the audiovisual records besides reference to data extracted under quantitative methods, as an important instrument of analyses. This induces a conclusion that the transformation of the community is a consequence of the globalized market, though still tied up to specific local relations. The emerging results are: the use of new fishery technology, and new ways of orientation and navigation; the opening to new jobs and occupational activity, the re-order of space s appropriation; changing sociability, larger access to consumer goods, besides bringing on some new conflicts land appropriation and the fishery and the protection of the environment. All this comprehended as a result of the movement of the local relations participating in the global spaces / A pesquisa enfoca a atividade pesqueira mar?tima, os saberes tradicionais e a transforma??o experimentada pelos que dela vivem no distrito de Pitangui, munic?pio de Extremoz no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O processo de transforma??o intenso observado nos ?ltimos anos pode ser considerado como tendo sido impulsionado por um conjunto de fatores econ?micos e socioculturais, como a introdu??o de novas tecnologias na pesca. Pretende-se investigar a forma processual das transforma??es, tendo como objetivo captar de que modo os pescadores e moradores de Pitangui percebem essas transforma??es. A pesquisa realizou-se mediante um trabalho etnogr?fico na comunidade, com o uso de metodologia e t?cnicas qualitativas - a observa??o participante, a hist?ria oral, o registro fotogr?fico e audiovisual , embora os dados fornecidos pelos m?todos quantitativos tamb?m tenham sido considerados relevantes na an?lise. Procurou-se, atrav?s da mem?ria coletiva, a reconstitui??o do modo de vida, trabalho e sociabilidade dos antigos pescadores, realizando-se tamb?m extenso levantamento da atual vida pesqueira. A observa??o e a an?lise conduziram aos seguintes resultados: a verifica??o da inser??o paulatina da pesca no modelo capitalista de um mercado globalizado, embora mantendo-se algumas rela??es locais espec?ficas; o uso de novas tecnologias n?uticas na pesca e novas formas de processar o conhecimento de orienta??o e navega??o mar?tima; o surgimento de novas ocupa??es e formas de trabalho; a reordena??o do habitus na rela??o espa?o-tempo e nas formas de apropria??o espacial; o desalojamento dos pescadores da beira-mar e o re-alojamento das suas moradias agora para longe da beira-mar; o surgimento de novas rela??es de sociabilidade; uma sensa??o de conforto material, resultado de uma melhoria no acesso ao consumo de bens.E ainda: o surgimento de novos conflitos, como os fundi?rios, e aqueles referentes ? pesca e ao meio ambiente. Todas essas transforma??es s?o avaliadas como frutos do movimento de inser??o e participa??o cada vez mais crescente das rela??es sociais locais em espa?os globais

Der Gegenstand der vorliegenden Dissertationsschrift ist eine Geschichte des chemischen Elements Selen von der Vorgeschichte seiner Entdeckung um 1783 bis in die 1920er Jahren. Methodisch folgt die Arbeit Vorschlägen aus den Science and Technology Studies, nicht die menschlichen Akteure ins Zentrum zu stellen, sondern danach zu fragen, in welcher Weise auch Dinge als nicht-menschliche Wesen eine Differenz erzeugen, die ihre reine Objekthaftigkeit zu hinterfragen erlaubt und sie zu Akteuren der Geschichte macht. Ziel der Arbeit war eine Rekontextualisierung der historischen Voraussetzungen, die die unterschiedlichen Ereignisse im Leben des Selens erst möglich gemacht haben. Die Arbeit stützt sich auf eine sehr breite Quellenbasis. Der Untersuchungszeitraum erstreckt sich von ersten Publikationen im erweiterten Kontext der Vorgeschichte der Entdeckung des Selens im Jahr 1783, die Entdeckung der lichtsensitiven Eigenschaften W. Smith 1873 bis in die 1920er Jahre, als der Einsatz der Selenzelle in diversen Erfindungen rund um das Thema der Fernsteuerung und Automatisierung zu einem vorläufigen Ende kommt. Die hier als »Selen – Ein Biographem« vorgestellte Arbeit unternimmt einen Perspektivenwechsel: Das chemische Element Selen ist der Protagonist der Untersuchung. Die Arbeit trägt einen Teil zur medienhistorischen Aufarbeitung der Geschichte des Fernsehens bei, wobei der Fokus auf den Entwicklungen im Bereich der technischen Bildübertragung zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts liegt. Aber auch die Geschichte der Entdeckung des Selens sowie der Einsatz desselben im Kontext der Verlegung des transatlantischen Telegraphenkabels – um nur zwei weitere historische Knoten aufzurufen – müssen fortan in einem anderen Licht betrachtet werden. / The subject of this dissertation is a history of the chemical element selenium from the prehistory of the discovery of selenium around 1783 to the 1920s. Methodically, the work follows proposals from the Science and Technology Studies, not to focus on the human actors, but to ask in which way things as non-human beings also create a difference, which allows to question their pure objecthood and makes them actors of history. The aim of the work was to recontextualize the historical preconditions that made the different events in the life of the selenium possible in the first place. The work is based on a very broad source base. The period of investigation extends from the first publications in the expanded context of the prehistory of the discovery of selenium in 1783, the discovery of the light-sensitive properties of selenium by W. Smith in 1873 up to the 1920s, when the use of the selenium cell in various inventions around the topic of remote control and automation comes to a provisional end. The work presented here as »Selenium – A Biographeme« makes a change of perspective: The chemical element selenium is the protagonist of the investigation. The present work contributes its part to the media-historical analysis of the history of television. The focus is on developments in the field of technical image transmission at the beginning of the 20th century. But also the history of the discovery of selenium, as well as its use in the context of the laying of the transatlantic telegraph cable–to call up only two further historical nodes–must henceforth be viewed in a different light.

This essay analyses the development of field and discipline formation in Sweden. A specific case is presented regarding the differentiation of the history of ideas, idéhistoria, and the delineation of the history of knowledge, kunskapshistoria, between 2015 and 2020. The distinction and differentiation between these disciplines has been contested by academics in related fields, who have questioned whether and what is new or distinct in the study of the history of knowledge and what prior disciplines and fields of study it draws on.  The aim of this study is to examine how the relationship between the two research fields is undertood by the academics that work in these fields themselves. The research question is: How is the interaction between the history of ideas and the history of knowledge described by Swedish scientists in papers published between 2015 and 2020? The study is based on scientific papers, anthologies, and book reviews written by Swedish scientists and mainly published in Swedish academic journals. The study shows that both research fields are developing towards eclecticism and internationalisation, both striving to participate in a broader international academic discourse. In both fields more publications are now written in English and fewer in Swedish. However, the predomination of English-language publications is more apparent in the new field of the history of knowledge. With respect to the history of ideas, the formative effects of institutionalisation as well as the importance of academic due due diligence i.e. engaging with the research in near-adjacent fields of study such as the study of the history of science, the history of medicine, and environmental history is apparent in the academic literature. The study indicates that Sweden has a potential of becoming a new research arena of some significance for generative and cooperatiion in humanistic science and thus of a general interest. / I studien analyseras samspelet mellan idéhistoria och kunskapshistoria i Sverige 2015 - 2010. Undersökningen berör generella frågeställningar om hur forskningsfält och discipliner skapas och påverkar varandra. Medan idéhistoria funnits i Sverige i snart ett hundra år har kunskapshistoria etablerats i Sverige först under de senaste fem åren. Detta ämne har av sina företrädare förklarats vara ett nytt oberoende forskningsfält med långt gående ambitioner ambitioner som sträcker sig över disciplingränserna. Dessa uttalanden ifrågasattes av forskare inom idé- och vetenskapshistoria om vad som var nytt inom det nya forskningsfältet och på vems axlar detta stod på. Syftet med denna studie var att analysera hur forskare från de två forskningsfälten upplevt påverkan mellan dem. Forskningsfrågan var hur påverkan mellan idéhistoria och kunskapshistoria framgått och beskrivits i publikationer skrivna av svenska forskare inom ämnena under perioden. Materialet som använts var uppsatser, antologier, recensioner och institutionernas utbildningsmaterial från denna tid, huvudsakligen publicerade i svenska tidskrifter. Studien visade att bägge forskningsfälten breddat sig och visat ökad ambition att delta i det internationella vetenskapliga samtalet. Här fanns dock en gradskillnad mellan ämnena. En möjlig inlåsningseffekt av att använda sig av svenska som språk diskuteras som en konsekvens av den äldre svenska forskningstraditionen. Fler publikationer inom idéhistoria skrivs dock numera på engelska och färre på svenska medan kunskapshistoria redan från början haft ett utpräglat internationellt fokus. Betydelsen av institutionalisering och de förmåner detta medför understryks. Studiens resultat visar att påverkan mellan kunskapsfälten under den studerade perioden generellt var liten. Ett undantag har varit den ovan nämnda kritiken från forskare inom idé- och vetenskapshistoria mot de anspråk som framförts av företrädarna för kunskapshistoria på att nu presentera ett verkligt nytt forskningsfält. Enligt kritikerna har man därvid bortsett från den utveckling som skett inom närliggande områden under de senaste åren. Vikten av akademisk due diligence har lyfts fram som en viktig princip inom forskning. / <p>By distance (Zoom)</p>

In the course of the long 19th century, the Eastern Carpathians – as a borderland of two imperial and several national projects – became a contested landscape through the conjunctures of ethnic thinking. Political ideologies approaching the multilateral contact zone facilitated different approaches to the production of knowledge, which led to highly complex knowledge topographies. Thereby, the Ruthenian-Ukrainian population of the borderland appears as a plaything of surrounding ideological projects, which instrumentalized ideas of ethnic diversity and/or uniformity according to their own ideological perceptions. This article examines these topographies in a synthetic approach to uncover the regional co-production of knowledge, which led to several interconnections of these ideological projects. However, knowledge as a circulating good could be instrumentalized by actors not belonging such networks, as the problem of circulating type photographs illustrates. Thereby, the author argues that frontier sciences were not solely tools of national enmities, even in one of the more contested spaces of East-Central Europe. Rather, cooperations which allowed involved actors to pursue their self-interests are observed. Methodologically, the paper argues that approaches of imperial histories, borderland studies, and transcultural contact zones should be seen as loose concepts, which can greatly enrich one another.

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The art of reading and its application to knowledge acquisition and innovation by elites have been largely neglected by historians of print culture and reading in late imperial China (1368-1911). Unlike most studies, which are concerned more with the implied reader and individual reading experience, the present study assumes that the actual reader and the social, cultural and epistemic dimensions of reading practices are the central issues of a history of reading in China. That is, while the art of reading was internalized by the individual, his learning and application of it had social, cultural and epistemic features. At a time when secular reading practices in Renaissance England were informed by Erasmian principles, Ming literati, regardless of their different philosophical stances, were being trained in an art of reading proposed by Zhu Xi (1130-1200), whose Neo-Confucian philosophy had been esteemed as orthodox since the fourteenth century. Transformations and challenges in interpreting and applying his art did not hinder its general reception among elite readers. Its common employment determined the practitioner’s epistemic frame and manner of knowledge innovation. My dissertation consists of five chapters bracketed with an introduction and conclusion. Chapter One discusses Zhu’s theory of reading and the implied pattern of acquiring and innovating knowledge, based on a careful reading of his writings and conversations. Chapter Two describes the transmission of Zhu’s theory from the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries. During its transmission, Zhu’s art was reedited, rephrased, and even readapted by both government agencies and individual authors with different intentions and agendas. Chapter Three focuses on the reception of Zhu’s theory of reading by 1500 and argues that the moral end of reading eventually triumphed over the intellectual one in early Ming Confucian philosophy. Chapter Four explores the affinity of Ming philosophers of mind with Zhu’s theory in their reading concepts and practices from 1500 to the mid-seventeenth century. Despite their attempts to separate themselves intellectually from the Song tradition, Ming philosophers of mind followed Zhu’s rules for reading in their intellectual practices. Chapter Five outlines the reading habits and knowledge landscape based on a statistical survey of extant Ming imprints. Despite some deviations, the Ming reading habits and knowledge framework largely accorded with Zhu’s theory and its Ming adaptations. The continuity of reading habits from Zhu’s time to the seventeenth century, I conclude, inspires us to rethink the Ming apostasy from the Song tradition. The particularity of scholarly knowledge acquisition and innovation in Ming-Qing China by the eighteenth century was not invented by Ming-Qing scholars but anticipated by Zhu through his theory of reading. With respect to late imperial China, the history of reading, together with the history of knowledge, is yet to be fruitfully explored. With this dissertation, I hope to be able to make a contribution to the understanding of the East Asian orthodox habit of reading as represented by Zhu’s admirers. By placing my investigation in the context of the history of knowledge, I also hope to contribute to the understanding of the relationship of reading to the way that knowledge evolved in traditional China. Intellectual historians tended to consider the Ming Confucian tradition as having broken off from the Cheng-Zhu tradition, but at least in reading habits and practices Ming elite readers perpetuated Zhu’s theory of reading and the knowledge framework it implied.

No description available.

The Master's Thesis is focused on methods and tools in knowledge management. The paper introduce knowledge management its history and present. Meanwhile history is presented as a list of important events present view is supported by current trends in field of knowledge management, business analysis of selected companies and evaluation of available publications on the topic of knowledge management. The main aim the paper is to present suitable methodology for the initial phase of Mitroff's model - conceptualization. The selected approach is then applied to the model situation. It is the decision of the city government for the construction and expansion of local factory. The last part is about Business Model Canvas which aims to outline the possible application of the methodology in practice.

In dieser Dissertation wird die historische Genese einer Entwicklung untersucht, die zum Entstehen eines „evangelikalen Ethos“ in Teilen der US-Streitkräfte und weiteren Bereichen des National Security State geführt hat. Den Ausgangspunkt dieser Arbeit bilden Daten zur religiösen Zusammensetzung der amerikanischen Streitkräfte aus dem Jahr 2009. Sie verweisen auf einen überproportional hohen Anteil evangelikaler Protestanten in den amerikanischen Streitkräften. Der Untersuchungszeitraum reicht vom Aufbau des National Security State im Zweiten Weltkrieg bis zum Ende des Vietnamkrieges. Die Annäherung evangelikaler Protestanten an den nationalen Sicherheitsstaat fand bereits im Zweiten Weltkrieg statt. Vor allem im Kontext des Kalten Krieges setzte zudem die Erkenntnis einer ideologischen und kulturellen Nähe zwischen beiden Sphären ein, während die neoevangelikale Erweckungsbewegung zu neuer Blüte gelangte und eine religiöse Mobilisierung der Vereinigten Staaten im frühen Kalten Krieg stattfand. Die Arbeit beruht u.a. auf teil unveröffentlichten Archivbeständen des Billy Graham Center und des Wheaton College. Methodisch ist die Untersuchung der von Philip Sarasin geprägten Wissensgeschichte verpflichtet. Damit kann eine Vielfalt von Wissensbeständen analytisch gegriffen und ihre Bedeutung für politisches und militärisches Handeln entsprechend gefasst werden. Die Arbeit endet mit einem Ausblick auf die Gegenwart: Das missionarische Sendungsbewusstsein evangelikaler Gläubiger führt zu Konflikten innerhalb der Streitkräfte. Auch im Rahmen der Auslandseinsätze der amerikanischen Streitkräfte ereignen sich bedenkliche Vorfälle, in denen etwa das Verbot der Missionierung durch Militärangehörige missachtet wird. / This dissertation examines the historical genesis of a development that lead to an „Evangelical ethos“ within the U.S. Arnmed Forces and other institutions of the National Security State. The starting point for this dissertation are empirical data from 2009 about the religious composition of the U.S. military. This data refers to a disproportional quota of Evangelical Protestants in the military. The period investigated reaches from the creation of the National Security State during World War 2 until the end of the war in Vietnam. The convergence of Evangelical Protestants and the National Security State began with World War 2. Furthermore, in the context of the Cold War a sense of shared ideological and cultural values developed, while the Neoevangelical revival movement blossomed and a religious mobilization of the United States during the early Cold War took place. This work is based on partly unpublished material from the Billy Graham Center and Wheaton College archives, among others. Methodically, it is committed to Philipp Sarasins approach of a history of knowledge. In this way, a variety of stocks of knowledge can be grasped analytically and their significance for political and military action can be grasped accordingly. This dissertation ends with an outlook on the present times: the evangelical zeal of the believers in uniform leads to conflicts within the military. Furthermore, during assigments abroad highly problematic incidents take place, e.g. the disregard of the prohibition of proselytizing by members of the military.