Många unga idag utsätts för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck i Sverige. Syftet med studien är att se hur alla parter i ett mål kom till tals i förvaltningsrättens domslut och vems utsaga som väger tyngst i avgörandet om de unga ska omhändertas enligt Lag med särskilda bestämmelser om vård av unga (1990:52). 31 domslut har analyserat från två förvaltningsrätter i Sverige. Analysen har skett genom en riktad innehållsanalys. Genom analysen av domsluten hittades teman på vad hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är för något och hur det definieras i förvaltningsrättens domslut. Det studien kom fram till var att förvaltningsrätten oftast går efter de ungas utsagor och att det sällan finns någon konkret bevisning som styrker att de unga utsatts för våld. Genom analysen av domsluten hittades ett tema som visade på att för att omhändertas enligt Lag med särskilda bestämmelser om vård av unga (1990:52) krävs det att de unga utsatts för antingen fysiskt- eller psykiskt våld och att förtrycket kommer i skymundan.

This is a qualitative study about the implementation of the National Agency for Educations directives regarding honour violence and culture. The focus will be on the work of the teachers, principals and curators and how they implement The National Agency for Education’s directives regarding honour violence and culture. Through the use of interviews and mainly through Lennart Lindquist’s theory “want, understand and able” the essay has its purpose to study the implementation of the directives in four different schools. Interviews were conducted with principals, teachers and curators in hopes of getting the perspective of if and how the people in the mentioned field implement the directives. The study shows both similarities and differences between the different professions which we present in the analysis chapter and later address in the discussion part of the study.

The concept of domestic violence pertains to different definitions of violence, one of which is the concept of honour related violence and oppression. This paper looks at honour related violence and oppression, as defined in policy documents at a central political level, and how various discourses stand in relation to social categories and power relations. Consequently, the theoretical and methodological premise of the paper has been based on discourse analysis and an intersectional perspective has been applied to gain further depth and breadth in the analysis of the material. The intersectional perspective houses various approaches to the understanding of specific phenomena based on factors of gender, ethnicity, sexuality and class.The analysis concludes that the concept of honour related violence and oppression is a concept without a single scientific definition. There is, however, a general consensus in the political context that honour related violence and oppression is a collective force that can be directed at both sexes. The explanations for the violence in the studied documents vary from this kind of violence being seen as a cultural condition, to it being seen as part of the universal patriarchal oppression aimed at all women regardless of their background. Socio-economic factors are not mentioned as a possible explanatory factor.

This research demonstrate how crimes of honour functions and consequently could lay the path in which females do need help and support in order to escape from (or manage) their environment of oppression. Thus, females all over the world are violated in the name of honour and every year around 5,000 women and girls are murdered in the name of honour by her relatives. The exact number how many that is affected by crimes of honour could only be guessed, due to, we only see the registered crimes. Nevertheless, this phenomenon is still evident within multicultural societies as in Sweden. Hence, those females that do not want to live in oppression or expose themselves to violence and crimes such as murder, instead escape and as a result necessitate protection and societal aid. The legal and practical support targeting these victims must therefore be known. The aim with this research is to highlight this support in an empirical research. In addition, various theoretical and legal perspectives explain a broader understanding of the phenomenon of crimes of honour; in which relevant regulations of the Swedish jurisdiction and the Human Rights are dispositional. The empirical research takes departure from semi-structured interviews with eight local agents in the city of Malmö (Sweden), and also, an interview with a woman affected by crimes of honour was conducted in order to highlight strengths and weaknesses of the local support. The result demonstrates that both the legal and practical support has its affirmative elements; however this support is also limited. For instance, victims of honour crimes lack information how to access this support. Moreover, the Swedish Penal Code do not have any uttered criminal classification about this sorts of violence, leading to the lack of registration unless not considered being a crime according to the Swedish Penal Code. Since crimes of honour affects many people’s lives and exists in many different shapes, conducts and societies it is required that the right kind of support is carried out; whereas the importance of local agents taking responsibility must be acknowledged.

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att studera hur organisationer, som jobbar med pojkar och unga män som drabbats av hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck, beskriver deras problematik. I studien har semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomförts och del-innehållsanalys har använts. Våra teoretiska utgångspunkter har varit maskulinitetsteorin, det ideala offret samt det kulturbetingade perspektivet. Resultatet av studien visade att pojkar och unga män som drabbas av hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck ofta också är förövare i samma kontext, att det våld och förtryck de utsätts för är snarlikt det som drabbar flickor och unga kvinnor och att en utlösande faktor för att drabbas är att bryta mot familjens normer. De slutsatser vi dragit utifrån vår studie är att våra resultat ligger i linje med tidigare forskning samt att leva upp till mansnormen är centralt och betydande för att inte bli utsatt för hedersvåld. / The purpose of this study was to explore how organizations, who are assigned to meet boys and young men who are victims of honour related violence and oppression, describe their situation. The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews and form-content analysis has been used. Our theoretical framework consists of masculinity theory, the ideal victim as well as the culture-related perspective. The results of the study showed that boys and young men who are victims of honour-related violence is also often perpetrators in the same context. The violence and oppression they face is like the one suffered by young girls and women and that a triggering factor for suffering is to violate family norms. The conclusions we have drawn is that our results are in line with previous research. It´s also both central and major that boys and young men live up to the concept of masculinity, to avoid becoming a victim of honour-related violence.

This study aims to analyze whether the discourses of the phenomenon of honor-related violence and oppression have changed over time in the Swedish daily press. This is operated through a discourse analysis of debate articles from seven newspapers published around the country. The methodological and theoretical premise is based on Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory. Further, three theories has been applied; The construction of “the others” by Jonsson, de Beauvoir’s theory of The Second Sex and Nussbaum’s universal theory of justice. The purpose of selection of articles has been to find relevant debate articles concerning opinions on the phenomenon of honor-related violence and oppression. The results and analysis has been divided into three main themes: a legal discourse, a discourse of "us " and " them " as well as a discourse of patriarchy. The results indicate that the phenomenon is influenced by its time in the shape of current events and areas of conflict.

The purpose of this essay has been to study the different discourses that are expressed in social welfare secretaries’ assertions when they assess cases with elements of honour-related violence, intimidation and oppression. To do so I have used a discourse analysis theory and technique, based on three qualitative interviews with social welfare secretaries. The interviews were focused on vignettes, which were all fictitious cases with various elements of honour-related violence. One of the interviews was a focus groupinterview with four participants, while the other two interviews were individual. I have also used the theoretical perspective ”ideological dilemmas” in my analysis. The main conclusion is that there seems to be several discourses competing for space when the social welfare secretaries assess cases of this sort. On the one hand there is a strong ”family support discourse”, but on the other hand there is also a strong ”protection discourse” that are competing for space. Another conclusion is that there is a main dilemma that characterizes these cases, which arises when the victim declines protection from the social welfare. Then the social welfare secretaries need to make a choice whether or not to intervene against the victims’ will.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare förhåller sig till och resonerar om hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Begreppet hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är inte ett tydligt definierat begrepp vilket medför ett stort tolkningsutrymme för socialsekreterares möjligheter att konstruera företeelsen. Studien genomfördes för att se hur denna konstruktion tog sig uttryck hos enskilda socialsekreterare inom socialtjänsten i Sverige och om det påverkade beviljandet av insatser för klienterna. I studien har en kvalitativ metod använts för insamling av empiri och diskursanalys har använts för analysen. Med utgångspunkt i socialkonstruktivismen visade resultatet hur företeelsen hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck görs och konstrueras av socialsekreterare samt att det inte finns en "absolut" sanning om vad hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är. Analysen visade att det finns en dominerande diskurs där företeelsen framställs som kulturellt betingad, där det skapas en distans mellan ett ”vi” och ett ”dem”, mellan ”svenskar” och ”invandrare” och där betoning läggs vid individens kulturella tillhörighet. Den alternativa könsdiskurs som framträdde i vår analys av materialet beskrev hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck som ett uttryck för patrialkaliskt maktutövande som existerar oberoende av kultur. I könsdiskursen beskrevs företeelsen som vilket våld som helst mot kvinnor och barn, där exempelvis män inte anses kunna inneha rollen som offer utan endast som gärningsman. Nyckelord: hedersrelaterat våld, socialtjänst, socialkonstruktivism, diskursanalys, begreppsdefinition / The purpose of this study was to investigate how social workers relate to and reason about honor-related violence and oppression. The notion of honor-related violence and oppression is not a fixed concept, and it causes a noticeable room to interpretation for social workers individual construction of the phenomenon. The study was designed to see how this construct was expressed by individual social workers in social services in Sweden and whether it affected the granting of effort for clients. The study has a qualitative method for collecting the empirical evidence which formed the study. Discourse analysis was used for the analys. The result gave us a picture that honor-related violence and oppression are made and designed individually by the social worker and that there is no "absolute" truth about what honor-related violence and oppression is. The analysis shows that there is a dominant discourse in which the phenomenon was produced as culturally conditioned, which creates a distance between an "us" and "them", between "Swedes" and "immigrants" and where the emphasis is placed on the individual's cultural identity. The alternative gender discourse that also appear in our results, describing the honor-related violence and oppression as an expression of patriarchal exercise of power which exists independently of the culture. The gender discourse described the phenomenon like any violence whatsoever against women and children, where for example men are not considered able to hold the role of victim but only as perpetrator. Keyword: honour-related violence, social service, social constructionism, discourse analysis, definition of terms

Hedersrelaterad problematik är ett svårdefinierat begrepp som återfinns i flera olika kontexter. Denna studie syftar till att belysa hur skolkuratorer på kommunala högstadieskolor arbetar utifrån sin profession med elever som befinner sig i en hedersrelaterad problematik. Vi har utfört en kvalitativ studie i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio stycken skolkuratorer från sex olika kommuner i Mellansverige. I analys av resultatet har vi använt oss av professionsteori tillsammans med tidigare forskning. Studien visar att skolkuratorernas arbete skiljde sig åt utifrån bland annat arbetslivserfarenhet, samverkan med socialtjänsten och skolan samt eget personligt intresse. Det som förenade skolkuratorerna var att det saknades handlingsplaner eller andra riktlinjer för hur arbetet bör bedrivas med elever som befinner sig i en hedersrelaterad problematik. Samtliga skolkuratorer såg ämnet hedersproblematik som svårt och utmanande utifrån dess komplexitet men det fanns ett intresse hos skolkuratorerna att utveckla arbetet med problematiken. Vidare visar studien på att det saknas kunskap, dels hur det praktiska arbetet bör bedrivas men även om hedersrelaterad problematik i stort. Avslutningsvis framkommer det att verksamhetsutveckling med tema hedersproblematik, samt framtagande av handlingsplan, ses som viktiga steg för att komma vidare i arbetet. Detta för att säkerställa att elever med hedersproblematik får det stöd, skydd och bemötande som kan vara livsavgörande för deras hälsa och utveckling. / The purpose of this study was to emphasize the methods of school counselors and how they approach secondary school students who are situated in such relations. We have conducted a qualitative study in form of semi-structured interviews with nine school counselors from six different municipalities in central Sweden. In analyzing the results, we have been using professional theory combined with previous research. The study is indicating differences in the school counselor handling in terms of work experience, collaboration with social services and the school, and also dissimilarities concerning personal interest. Though, an overall downside were the non-existing plan of action or other guidelines for how to professionally deal with students who are trapped in an environment of honor-related violence. But fortunately, there is a common interest among the school counselors in improving their work within this problematic topic. According to the school counselors, honor-related violence is considered a challenging and complex task to apprehend. Furthermore, the study clarifies an uncertainty in the subject itself but it’s also showing a lack of knowledge in how to practically manage successfully. In conclusion, it emerges that activity development concerning honor-related violence, as well as the development of an action plan, is seen as important steps in order to progress. This is to ensure that students with honor-related issues gets the support, protection and treatment needed since this could be vital to their health and personal development.

Title:  Will you cope, without your family? – The importance of support for youths who are subject to honour related violence.   The aim of this study has been to examine which support has been given to the youths who have been subjected to honour related violence and their experiences about the support. The data were collected through four semi-structured, qualitative interviews with youths who had separated from their families. The result showed that according to an intersectional perspective the individual needs should dictate the support offered and that honour related violence is a complex problem. System theory, shows us that it is important to belong to a family system, whether it is biological or not – is of less importance. The social services and the foster homes are important for the youths in their efforts to cope without their families Based on the results, our conclusion is that many need a lot of therapy in order to return to a “normal life”. / Orkar du, utan din familj? – Betydelsen av stödinsatser till ungdomar som är utsatta för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilket stöd, ungdomar som blivit utsatta för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck (HRV), fått samt deras upplevelse av detta. Data samlades in genom fyra semistrukturerade, kvalitativa intervjuer med ungdomar som har haft ett uppbrott från sin biologiska familj. Resultatet visade att enligt intersektionellt perspektiv bör individuella behov styra det erbjudna stödet och att HRV är ett komplext problem. Systemteorin ger oss förståelse för familjens betydelse och vikten av att tillhöra ett familjesystem, biologiskt eller inte är av mindre betydelse. Både socialtjänsten och familjehemmen är viktiga för ungdomarna i deras strävan att orka utan sina familjer. Utifrån resultatet är vår slutsats att det för många krävs mycket samtalsstöd för att återgå till ett ”normalt liv”.