Syftet med studien var att synliggöra förskolepersonalens inställning till IKT-verktyg samt att synliggöra förskolepersonalens uppfattning om barns användning av IKT-verktyg i förskolan, ur ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Frågor som lyftes fram i studien var, utbudet av IKT-verktyg som barn möter i förskolan, förskolepersonalens in­ställning till IKT-verktyg och skattning av sin egen digitala kompetens. För att besvara dessa frågeställningar användes en kvantitativ metod, webbenkät­sunder­sökning, som riktade sig till förskolepersonal. Resultatet visade att Ipad var det IKT-­verktyg som dominerade hos barn och förskolepersonal i användandet. Förskole­personalens inställning skattades som positiv och utvecklande, de ansåg sig ha ganska goda och måttliga digitala kunskaper. Resultatet visade en variation mellan förskole­personalen, att möjligheten till digital kompetensutveckling erbjöds delvis eller i hög grad. Slut­satsen av studien belyser vikten av det kollegiala lärandet inom digitalisering, mellan de två yrkesprofessionerna. Utbytet av erfarenheter och kunskaper kring IKT-verktyg kan bidra till att främja barns digitala kompetens och stödja dem till att bli framtidens digitala samhällsmedborgare.

As of March 2020, due to the Covid-19 outbreak, numbers of students and teachers from pre-primary to tertiary education levels worldwide have experienced distance or semi-distance learning. Swedish teachers and students involved in the Media program and Aesthetics and media program (subprograms of Swedish secondary schools' national Social Science and Arts program) were affected by the situation as much as their colleagues and peers in other programs.This thesis analyzes experiences from spring 2020 to spring 2021, from both students' and teachers' point of view, regarding using ICT pedagogy in film and media education. Furthermore, it examines the impact of ICT pedagogy in the teaching process and how it has changed compared to teaching pre-Covid-19. It answers the following question: how has the use of ICT tools affected teachers' pedagogical planning and their methods? Moreover, it focuses on the effect of distance education on both media teachers and students.The results show a beginning of a transformation of the whole school system, film and media education included, which one can speculate will continue in the following years, both in Sweden and internationally. First signs can already be seen: there are changes in teacher-student communication, evaluation of students' work and lesson planning. Furthermore, the teaching process has become more flexible. In order to overcome the problems that film and media students faced during this time (primarily motivation and difficulties in practical assignments), the teaching process is becoming more and more student-centered.

Implementering av digitala vårdlösningar har en stor betydelse för samhället men anses också vara en stor utmaning för vårdpersonalen. Syftet med studien är att undersöka eventuella användarbarhetsproblem och teknikstress som kan upplevas bland vårdpersonalen i Arvika och Eda kommun då SecureMailbox ersätter deras nuvarande meddelandetjänst faxen. Ytterligare ett syfte är att samla in rekommendationer utifrån vårdpersonalens upplevelse av systemet. Uppsatsens undersökningsfrågor är således Hur lätt upplever användarna att det var att börja använda systemet?, Vilka är användbarhetsproblemen som finns i SecureMailbox? samt När vårdpersonalen använder gränssnittet, när och var uppstår eventuell teknikstress? Uppsatsens teoretiska referensram är baserad på tidigare studier och litteratur vilka behandlar informations- och kommunikationsteknik i samband med e-hälsa, användbarhet i relation till digitala lösningar inom vården och teknikstress kopplat till detta. Det empiriska materialet har framställts genom användbarhetstester. Även andra metoder, såsom enkät, bakgrundsenkät, observation, intervju, tänka högt och pilottest har använts. De empiriska källorna utgjordes av vårdpersonal som berörs av ersättandet av faxen genom SecureMailbox i Arvika och Eda kommun. I studiens slutsats har det framkommit att upplevelsen av systemets användbarhet är överlag positiv men att identifierade problem gör att vårdpersonalen inte klarade att utföra några av de tilldelade uppgifterna. Utöver detta visar studien att teknikstress uppstod när vårdpersonalen saknade tillräckligt med kunskap för att utföra sina uppgifter. / Implementation of digital healthcare solutions is of great importance in society, but is also considered a major challenge for healthcare professionals. The purpose of the study is to investigate usability problems and technology stress that can be experienced by the healthcare professionals in Arvika and Eda municipality as SecureMailbox replaces their current messaging service, the fax. An additional purpose is to collect recommendations based on the experience of the healthcare professionals of the system. The research questions in this bachelor thesis are thus: How easy do users feel that it was to start using the system?, What are the usability problems found in SecureMailbox? as well as When the healthcare staff uses the interface. when and where does the technology stress occur?. The thesis’s theoretical frame of reference is based on previous studies and literature dealing with information and communication technology in connection with e-health, also usefulness in relation to digital solutions in healthcare and technology stress linked to this is presented. The empirical material has been produced through usability tests. Other methods, such as survey, background questionnaire, observation, interview, think aloud and pilot test have been used. The empirical sources consisted of healthcare personnel who are affected by the replacement of the fax through SecureMailbox in Arvika and Eda municipality. The study's conclusion is that the experience of usability is generally positive but that problems identified in this study are the cause for the health care professionals not being able to perform some of the assigned tasks. In addition, the study shows that technostress occurred when the healthcare professionals lacked sufficient knowledge to carry out their tasks.

Denna fallstudie hade som syfte att studera chefers upplevelser av vad som krävs av dem för att kunna utöva sitt ledarskap idag, med hänsyn taget till en högre grad av distansarbete i den “nya vardagen” på Trafikverket, utifrån ett e-ledarskapsperspektiv. Den “nya vardagen” på Trafikverket innebär att i första hand välja digitala möten och minska resande. Syftet operationaliserades genom frågeställningarna: Vilka utmaningar finns i den “nya vardagen” enligt cheferna? samt Hur hanterar cheferna de upplevda utmaningarna i den “nya vardagen”?. Empirin samlades in med kvalitativ intervju. Urvalet var i ett första steg ett bekvämlighetsurval och den andra delen var ett snöbollsurval. Respondenterna var tio chefer som arbetat på Trafikverket i mer än två år. Intervjuerna transkriberades enligt följande koder: utmaningar med ledarskapet på distans, utmaningar med den “nya vardagen” och exempel på hur cheferna hanterar utmaningar. Resultatet och analysen presenteras enligt studiens två frågeställningar. Resultatet visade att det finns flera utmaningar med den “nya vardagen” såsom exempelvis att skapa tillfällen för spontan kommunikation, skapa delaktighet, välja vilka möten som ska vara på distans eller fysiskt, leda hybridmöten, begränsningar med IKT-verktyg samt att få medarbetare tillbaka till kontoret. Dessa utmaningar hanterades genom att cheferna var mer strukturerade, valde mellan mötesformer, skapade tid för spontana samtal samt undvek vissa mötesformer. Denna fallstudie påvisade att Trafikverkets chefer kan vara så kallade e-ledare då deras utsagor är lika de e-kompetenser som finns i teorin för e-ledarskap. / The aim of this case study was to examine how managers experience what is required of them to exercise their leadership considering a higher degree of remote working at the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket), which the authority calls the “new everyday”, from an e-leadership perspective. The “new everyday” in practice means primarily choosing digital meetings and reducing travel. The purpose of the study was operationalized through the questions: What challenges are there in the “new everyday” according to the managers? and How do the managers handle the perceived challenges in the “new everyday”?. The empirics were collected by qualitative interview. The selection was in a first step a convenience sampling and in the second step a snowball sampling. The respondents were ten managers. The interviews were transcribed according to the following codes: challenges with remote leadership, challenges with the “new everyday” and examples of how managers manage challenges. The results and the analysis were presented according to the study's two questions. The results showed that there are several challenges with the "new everyday" such as, for example, creating opportunities for spontaneous communication, creating participation, choosing which meetings should be remote or at the office, leading hybrid meetings, restrictions with ICT tools and getting employees back to the office. These challenges were managed by the managers being more structured, choosing between meeting forms, creating time for spontaneous conversations, and avoiding certain forms of meeting. This case study showed that e-leadership can be applied to managers' statements and that communication is an important part of leadership in both a physical and digital environment.

Within science education, and chemistry in particular, laboratory work is fundamental. The traditions of including laboratory work in chemistry education is a way to make the concepts of chemistry apprehensible, the aims and goals of laboratory work related to chemistry education are therefore well defined. With digital technology, Information Communication Technology, (ICT tools), the traditional hands-on laboratory experience can be transformed to a nontraditional, digital laboratory experience. The use of digital laboratory work in education is well debated, yet both positive and negative aspects can be identified. As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers around the globe faced new challenges as much of the teaching abruptly had to be converted to online teaching. Due to the nature of the chemistry subject, one major challenge chemistry teachers faced was how to coordinate practical laboratory work with the new regulations. The unexpected transition from classroom education to online education can thus be identified as in a way teaching habits were challenged. The purpose of this study is to investigate the adaptations chemistry teachers had to make to the laboratory education as the hands-on laboratory experience rapidly had to be translated to a digital laboratory experience. Data was collected by conducting interviews with 10 chemistry teachers in upper secondary education and a thematic analysis was used to identify how, and in what way, teachers used ICT tools to coordinate their current teaching with the new restrictions. Data was analyzed by applying a transactional approach inspired by John Dewey’s transactional perspective of habits as well as a didaktik perspective to study the complexity in actions and how decisions concerning the laboratory work were made. The findings suggest that ICT tools could be used in a variety of ways but were not necessarily easily translated between practices, thus choices regarding the aims, goals and methods used in the online classroom differed from the decisions teachers usually made. Many teachers were able to use ICT tools in a sufficiently productive way to keep the laboratory work functional, however this was not a smooth transition for everyone and the need to adapt the activity to make it useful was in many ways decisive. Their responses to the changes varied and the differences in basic skills in how to use ICT tools were prominent. Regarding the didactic relations, teachers also noticed a change in behavior and the students’ attitudes towards the laboratory work. The changes caused teachers to reevaluate their approach to a digital laboratory experience in order to make the teaching functional, hence both the habits of planning and teaching had to be reconsidered.

Introduktion: Den psykiska ohälsan bland unga vuxna har ökat under de senaste tio åren och är en av Sveriges största folkhälsoutmaningar. Globalt sett är 322 miljoner människor drabbade av depression och 264 miljoner är drabbade av ångestsjukdom. Ett delmål bland de globala hållbarhetsmålen är att den mentala hälsan skall beaktas och främjas med preventiva insatser. Ytterligare ett steg för att uppnå en god och jämlik hälsa är den av Sverige antagna Vision e-hälsa 2025 som innebär att Sverige skall bli världsledande i att tillvarata möjligheterna med digitalisering. Informations- och kommunikationsteknologin [IKT] och sociala medier ökar möjligheten till interaktion, oberoende av tid och rum. Syfte: Att beskriva hälsofrämjande effekter som sociala medier och IKT-verktyg kan ha för att minska den psykiska ohälsan bland unga vuxna. Metod: En strukturerad litteraturstudie baserad på 20 vetenskapliga originalartiklar som inhämtats från databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl. Artiklarna har analyserats med en tematisk analys. Resultat: Sex teman med främjande effekt på den psykiska hälsan urskildes och grupperades i tre kategorier. Kategorierna var kunskapsutveckling, psykologiska aspekter och användbara verktyg. Teman var personlig utveckling och förändring, ökad kunskap och förmåga, trygghet och anonymitet, motivation och engagemang, social tillhörighet och socialt stöd samt lättillgänglighet och användarvänlighet. Slutsats: Resultatet visar att det finns hälsofrämjande effekter inom det digitala området. Teknikanvändningen kan bidra till implementering av digitala hälsofrämjande insatser i syfte att minska den mentala ohälsan hos unga vuxna. Dock  finns lite forskning inom området och fler studier behövs för att få full effekt av digitaliseringens möjligheter. / Introduction: The mental ill-health of young adults has increased over the past ten years and is one of Sweden's largest public health challenges. Globally, 322 million people are suffering from depression and 264 million are suffering from anxiety disorder. One of the global sustainability goals is that mental health must be considered and promoted with preventive measures. Another step to achieve good and equal health is Vision e-health 2025, in which Sweden is aiming to become a world leader in utilizing the opportunities of digitalisation. Information and communication technology [ICT] and social media increase the possibility of interaction, regardless of time and space. Aim: To describe health-promoting effects that social media and ICT tools can have to alliviate the mental ill-health of young adults. Method: A structured literature study based on 20 scientific original articles obtained from the PubMed and CINAHL databases. The articles have been analyzed with a thematic analysis. Results: Six themes with a promoting effect on mental health were identified and grouped into three categories. The categories were knowledge development, psychological aspects, and useful tools. The themes were personal development and change, increased knowledge and ability, security and anonymity, motivation and engagement, social belonging, and social support, as well as easy accessibility and user-friendliness. Conclusion: The result shows that health-promoting effects are evident in the digital field. The use of technology can contribute to the implementation of digital health promotion efforts aimed at alleviating the mental ill-health of young adults. However, research in the field is limited and more studies are needed to achieve the full effect of the opportunities of digitisation.