The aim of this work is to propose precautions that will comply strategic goals of a company. Namely increasing brand awareness and rise of product sales. To tackle this problem author uses analysis of internal and external environment and applies integrated marketing communication method. Outcome of thesis is to propose media campaign and to broaden current marketing tools.

<p>Emergency services (ES) pilots operate in a dynamic, high-risk team environment, as a subset of general aviation (GA) operations. The time constraints associated with ES operations means that ES pilots must make flight decisions quickly and often with limited or incomplete information (Worm, 1999). Due to the nature of ES operations, the consequences of an incorrect flight decision can be severe, including loss of life. ES operations are often initiated by extreme weather events, and ES pilots are frequently required to fly on the boundary between marginal visual flight rules (MVFR) weather conditions and instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). Unfortunately, an unintended transition into IMC is the leading cause of fatal accidents in GA operations (Ayiei et al., 2020). Mission objectives dictate that most ES pilots fly below 1,500’ above ground level (AGL) for extended periods of time, and low-altitude flight in hazardous weather can reduce a pilot’s outside visual reference, thus leading to spatial disorientation, loss of control, or controlled flight into terrain. To mitigate this problem, ES pilots must be able to accurately assess weather conditions before and during flight. However, the current method of presenting meteorological aerodrome reports (METARs) on weather displays can be misleading to pilots. Weather conditions in the areas between weather observation stations can be different than what is reported by the METAR observations at those stations. This can cause current or forecasted weather conditions <em>between</em> weather stations to be incompletely represented. However, pilots are given no obvious indication of how incompletely represented weather conditions can affect weather-related risk. This research demonstrates that a <em>Kth</em> Nearest Neighbor (KNN) analysis can be used to identify areas where the variability of conditions between weather stations (and thus weather-related risk) is incompletely represented by METAR observations. In addition, it is shown that areas where there is an increased risk of an unintended transition from MVFR to IMC can be identified among areas with incompletely represented conditions and depicted to pilots on aviation weather displays. Machine learning tactics are proposed as a way to consider additional inputs in future KNN analyses, and several emerging technologies are proposed as mediums to collect additional weather observations. The ability for an ES pilot to more accurately assess weather-related risk in MVFR conditions using the proposed technologies is evaluated, the benefits to ES pilots and the GA community are discussed, and the requirements and limitations of the study are examined.</p>

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la ganancia del peso gestacional y el peso del recién nacido en el Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo – correlacional y transversal, con un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Las puérperas fueron clasificadas según IMC pregestacional y ganancia de peso gestacional total. Mientras que los neonatos se clasificaron según el peso al nacer. Se realizó un análisis univariado para determinar las características generales de la población y un análisis bivariado para obtener la relación entre la ganancia de peso gestacional y el peso al nacer. Resultados: De un total de 117 puérperas, se obtuvo que el 55.6% empezó la gestación con sobrepeso y obesidad, el 36% tuvo una ganancia de peso excesiva y el 85% de los neonatos nacieron con una adecuado peso al nacer y sólo el 6.9% fue macrosómico. Del grupo de madres con una alta ganancia de peso gestacional, el 18.6% de los recién nacidos fueron macrosómicos. Conclusión: No existe relación significativa entre la ganancia de peso total de la gestante y el peso al nacer. / Objective: To determine the relationship between gestational weight gain and newborn weight at San Juan de Lurigancho Hospital. Methodology: Descriptive study – correlational and transversal, with non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. The postpartums were classified according to pregestational BMI and total gestational weight gain. While neonates were classified by birth weight. An univariate analysis was performed to determine the overall characteristics of the population and a bivariate analysis to obtain the relationship between gestational weight gain and birth weight. Results: Out of a total of 117 postpartum women, 55.6% began the pregnancy with overweight and obesity, 36% had excessive weight gain and 85% of neonates were born with an adequate birth weight and only 6.9% was macrosomic. Of the group of women with high gestational weight gain, 18.6% of newborns were macrosomic. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between the total weight gain of the pregnant woman and the birth weight. / Trabajo de investigación

Earlier research on the topic of inter-municipal cooperation (IMC) seems to be standing on ground too fragmented to constitute a solid basis for future research. Additionally, this research seems to be far too generic and not sufficiently detailed for any municipality to make reasonable use of. Therefore, the existing knowledge is reviewed and put together in a manner that makes the identified determinants of IMC sufficiently complarable so as to enable proper and exhaustive deliberation on the matter. Once this question is settled for the time being, the determinants themselves are examined as to their own determinants, related mechanisms and how these variables all relate to each other. The attained results are not enough to generate any widely generalizable conclusions. However, the combination of exhaustive width and detailed empirical descriptions makes for a basis that somewhat enables the construction of a tentative framework for understanding the drivers behind IMC and their nature.

Yes / The paper demonstrates an effective technique to significantly enhance the bandwidth and radiation gain of an otherwise narrowband composite right/left-handed transmission-line (CRLH-TL) antenna using a non-Foster impedance matching circuit (NF-IMC) without affecting the antenna's stability. This is achieved by using the negative reactance of the NF-IMC to counteract the input capacitance of the antenna. Series capacitance of the CRLH-TL unit-cell is created by etching a dielectric spiral slot inside a rectangular microstrip patch that is grounded through a spiraled microstrip inductance. The overall size of the antenna, including the NF-IMC at its lowest operating frequency is 0.335λ0 × 0.137λ0 × 0.003λ0, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength at 1.4 GHz. The performance of the antenna was verified through actual measurements. The stable bandwidth of the antenna for |S11|≤ - 18 dB is greater than 1 GHz (1.4-2.45 GHz), which is significantly wider than the CRLH-TL antenna without the proposed impedance matching circuit. In addition, with the proposed technique the measured radiation gain and efficiency of the antenna are increased on average by 3.2 dBi and 31.5% over the operating frequency band. / This work is partially supported by RTI2018-095499-B-C31, Funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE), and innovation programme under grant agreement H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016 SECRET-722424 and the financial support from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under grant EP/E022936/1.

以反全球化為焦點，自己成為記者並報導生活週遭相關的議題，將之置放在Independent media center網站（本文以IMC作為通稱）中，成為共享的資訊，這是1999年底在美國西雅圖反全球化集結運動中崛起並快速蔓延的一場現象，雖說是經由科技帶動起的網路串聯，實則是一記鮮明的社會徵候，特別是資訊時代裡，在遍佈於各大城市總共約182個IMC分站中，IMC作為抵抗主流媒體的全球網絡，以自主的模式謀求資訊內涵與傳播管道的其他可能，這所展現的是由下而上對資訊批判力量的一場迸發，如何匯聚起這股力量並促成IMC運作是本文研究動機的起始。 本文由此追溯，分為三個面向討論IMC的生成動力：全球化、自反性現代化與網絡空間。 首先了解IMC的反全球化立場在於反對資訊商品化，特別是跨國集團媒體對於全球化的片面詮釋，而破除商品化之一的手段便是資訊共享，這一層次的了解引領至本文討論知識、資訊在現代化社會中的角色，知識逐漸與資訊等價而資訊本身則信任削減，使得個人不得不反覆檢視日常行動隨時做出回應，這一體認是Beck與Giddens所提自反性現代化（Reflexive Modernization）的理論內涵，繼而受到Scott Lash美學面向自反性現代化的啟發，對資訊商品化的回應便是引領出一個創造的形式，對資訊的批判是一場意義填補的遊戲，而以行動去完成。在IMC所行動的網絡空間裡，對比於Taiwan IMC的聚集狀況與香港不使用IMC機制但有香港獨立媒體In-Media的比較分析，本文歸納出IMC的生成條件不僅僅是挪用其技術，而是對於黑客（Hackers）文化與IMC代表的共享精神的認同，共享的精神由黑客文化延續而來，將資訊作為禮物，使用Open Publishing自由發佈系統體現開放原始碼軟體意義，加上部落格這場新科技的實驗，資訊充分的自由流動性與全面開放的完整性增加了實現的條件，加速因共享精神的召喚而來的聚集現象，而流動性與完整性則是資訊共享的前提。 統整上述三個面向的分析，本文於結論中整理出研究發現，在自反性現代化作用之下，IMC所批判的資訊商品化有其改變的可能，以共享資訊作為行動來實踐其批判，完成了重新定義資訊的目的，這場具有創造性的實驗裡，本文於結論中討論IMC可能的社會影響，並在結語提出本研究的限制。 / The motive of this dissertation is inspired by a network phenomenon of IMC in 1999, which occurred at the scene of anti-globalization in Seattle. Readers of IMC (Independent media center) website volunteered to post their own articles related to anti-globalization issues on line and urged to set up a local branch site for the possibility of non-mainstream information production though an autonomous communication environment. The wild spread of IMC local branch sites emerged and prompted not only through new technology but also the burst of information critique in the form of bottom-up reflected ideology. Therefore, the naissance of IMC is the motivation of this dissertation. To broaden the theoretical aspects for answering question, the perspectives of research question divided by three dimensions, including: Globalization, Reflexive Modernization and Network Space. According to literatures of globalization, the statement of anti-globalization of IMC is against information commercialization, meanwhile, the perception of information as products also led IMC to respond to it with the action of the spirit of sharing information. Refer to the theory of Reflexive Modernization, it doesn’t only explain how this perception shaped up (refer to the interpretation of Beck and Giddens) but also clarify that the responses as a creative acting was inspired by the transformation of information connotation in our daily life (refer to the interpretation of Scott Lash). In addition, IMC took place at the network space, comparing to Taiwan IMC and Hong Kong anti-globalization websites, we draw a conclusion of naissance of IMC to the fact of hackers’ spirit, which means they treat the information as gift and the open publishing system combined with Blog features operated by IMC as the presuppositions of sharing information. To sum up the three dimensions of analysis, we concluded that the possibility of critique of information caused by IMC was created by the dynamic operation of globalization and reflexive modernization, meanwhile, we finalized the redefinition of information based upon the network space. We also brought up the possible social impacts generated by IMC phenomenon and research limits of this dissertation.

整合行銷傳播（IMC）發展十多年來，雖然其價值倍受肯定，但由於市場環境變遷與理論的限制，使得IMC在實際執行上的成效並不彰顯。因此，IMC正面臨發展的瓶頸。 本研究整理各家學者對IMC的論述，重新審視IMC之架構，將IMC依投入–產出的系統分為「要素投入」、「執行過程」、「績效產出」三大部份，並再細分為八大面向，說明如下： 一、要素投入：分為「組織架構面」、「人員知識面」與「企劃流程面」三大面向，檢視企業投入IMC的要素與投入IMC要素時所遇到的障礙。 二、執行過程：分為「執行層級面」與「執行內容面」二大面向，確認企業執行整合的層級與程度，並檢視企業執行IMC的內容是否符合IMC的四大特性，也就是協調性、一致性、互動性與互補性。 三、績效產出：分為「綜效評估面」與「系統回饋面」二大面向。綜效評估面又可分為「知覺導向」、「關係導向」與「行為導向」，企業應視其行銷需求設立評估績效的標準。在系統回饋面上，則表示企業應回頭檢視IMC在投入與執行的過程中是否符合IMC的要求。 綜合各家IMC之論述後，本研究建立出IMC之概念性架構，做為學界與業界在研究與實施IMC的基礎。 唱片產業近年來面臨不景氣與盜版的雙重打擊，加上數位科技的進步與消費習慣的改變，過去銷售唱片的價值模式已無法支持唱片產業。因此大部份唱片公司亟力尋求異業資源與多角化經營，將有限度的資源整合在一起做最大效益的發揮，非常符合IMC的精神，因此極具IMC的研究價值。 本研究以「個案比較研究法」，選取本土與外資各一家唱片公司為個案研究對象，研究其實施IMC的情形。其中本土唱片公司以「華研國際音樂」為代表，外資唱片公司以「環球國際唱片」為代表，結果發現： 一、IMC的投入部份 1．兩唱片公司在組織架構面上適合發展IMC。 2．兩唱片公司在企劃流程面上滿足IMC的規劃。 3．兩唱片公司在人員知識面上對IMC的了解較為不足。 4．兩唱片公司在人員知識面上並未使用資料庫行銷。 二、IMC的執行部份 1．本研究個案唱片執行整合內容符合IMC四大特性。 2．本研究個案唱片執行整合達「部份利害關係人整合」之整合層級。 三、IMC的產出部份 1．唱片公司需建立公平客觀的IMC績效評估系統。 2．唱片公司應重視IMC的回饋，提昇組織效率與效能。 四、本土唱片與外資唱片的比較部份 1．華研較環球在IMC投入要素高，阻礙較小。 2．環球台灣子公司以區域為市場，個別市場整合程度較不足。 3．環球台灣子公司在資源整合的權限較具限制。

O crescimento é um processo dinâmico que muda ao longo da vida. O crescimento ósseo é um evento multicausal no qual, além dos fatores biológicos, intervêm outras características como as relacionadas ao nível socioeconômico, à raça, ao período perinatal, aos hábitos, entre outros. Este estudo objetivou identificar fatores associados ao crescimento transversal do osso maxilar representado pela medida da distância intermolar superior. Foi realizado um estudo seccional aninhado numa coorte, com uma amostra de 158 crianças entre 7 e 9 anos de idade das escolas urbanas de Acrelândia, município da Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira. A variável dependente foi a distância intermolar superior, medida entre as fossas centrais dos primeiros molares superiores permanentes. A partir da idade da introdução da mamadeira foi desenvolvida uma escala assumindo valores de 1 a 10. O sexo, o peso ao nascer, o padrão de uso da mamadeira e o escore Z do índice de massa corporal (IMC) para a idade foram consideradas como variáveis independentes, sendo analisadas por meio de modelo de equações estruturais (MEE). Foram encontrados efeitos diretos positivos significativos do sexo (CP=0,203; p=0,007), peso ao nascer (CP=0,155; p=0,046) e escore Z do IMC para a idade (CP=0,165; p=0,030) sobre o crescimento transversal do maxilar. Os efeitos indiretos (CP=0,058; p=0,029) e o efeito total (CP=0,262; p=0,000) do sexo sobre o desfecho mostraram significância estatística. Os efeitos indiretos do peso ao nascer sobre o desfecho não foram significativos (CP=0,018; p=0,508), porém, o efeito total foi significativo (CP=0,174; p=0,023). Em conclusão, o sexo, o peso ao nascer, a idade de introdução da mamadeira e o escore Z do IMC para a idade associam-se ao crescimento transversal do osso maxilar. Além de contribuir para um adequado peso ao nascer da criança, políticas e programas que favoreçam o cuidado pré natal e condições para garantir um parto a termo podem repercutir positivamente no crescimento transversal do maxilar. Do ponto de vista da Vigilância em Saúde, crianças com peso ao nascer diminuído, padrão inadequado de aleitamento materno e déficit nutricional para a idade podem apresentar maior probabilidade de desenvolver atrofia dos maxilares podendo, conforme a gravidade, redundar numa oclusopatia com importante impacto na qualidade de vida / Growth is a dynamic process that changes throughout life. Bone growth is a multicausal event in which other characteristics such as socioeconomic level, race, perinatal period, habits, and others are involved in addition to biological factors. This study aimed to identify with the associated factors transverse growth of the maxillary bone represented by the superior intermolar distance. A cross-sectional survey nested in a population-based cohort study was conducted with a sample of 158 children aged 7 to 9 years old from the urban schools of Acrelandia, a small town in the Brazilian Western Amazon. The dependent variable was the upper intermolar distance measured between the central fossae of the first permanent maxillary molars. From the age of bottle introduction, a scale was developed assuming values from 1 to 10. Sex, birth weight, bottle introduction scale and Z score of body mass index (BMI) for age (BAZ) were considered as independent variables, being analyzed with structural equations model (SEM). Significant direct positive effects of sex (CP=0,203; p=0,007), birth weight (CP=0,155; p=0,046) and BAZ (CP=0,165; p=0,030) on transverse maxillary growth were found. The indirect effects (CP=0,058; p=0,029) and the total effect (CP=0,262; p=0,000) of sex on the outcome were statistically significant. The indirect effects of birth weight on outcome were not significant (CP=0,018; p=0,508), however, the total effect was significant (CP=0,174; p=0,023). In conclusion, sex, birth weight, bottle beginning age and BMI Z score for age showed association with the transverse growth of the maxillary bone. In addition to contributing to an adequate birth weight of the child, policies and programs that favor prenatal care and conditions to guarantee a full-term birth can positively affect transversal growth of the maxilla. From a Health Surveillance point of view, children with reduced birth weight, inadequate breastfeeding pattern and nutritional deficit for age may be more likely to develop atrophy of the jaws which, depending on the severity, may result in malocclusion with an important impact on quality of life

Introdução - A incidência das fendas lábio – palatinas, é de 1 para cada 700 nascidos vivos na população mundial, trata-se de uma má-formação congênita que pode ocorrer devido a fatores endógenos ou exógenos. Objetivo – Relacionar o índice de massa corporal (IMC) materno com o nascimento de bebês com fendas. Métodos – Trata-se de um estudo tipo caso-controle. Foram incluídas 800 mães com idade entre 18 e 35 anos, que não apresentaram suspeita ou confirmação de diabete mellitus ou gravídica e bebês com peso entre 2.500 e 4.500 gramas nascidos entre a 37ª e a 42ª semana de gestação que não apresentaram nenhum outro tipo de deficiência que não a estudada. Para a coleta dos dados aplicou – se questionários a 400 mães de crianças normais distribuídas em quatro postos de saúde da cidade de Santo André (controles), e 400 mães de bebês com fendas labiais e/ou palatinas que estavam em tratamento no FUNCRAF, que é um centro especializado no tratamento da deformidade estudada, nesta mesma cidade (casos). Resultados - Entre os casos encontrou - se 148 (37,00%) mulheres com IMC acima de 26 e entre os controles foram 132 (33,00%). Com relação ao uso de álcool/drogas observou-se que 82 (20,50%) mulheres entre os casos e 58 (14,50%) no grupo controle eram usuárias. Duzentas e onze (52,70%) mães de bebês com fendas relataram ter histórico de má - formação na família dela ou do pai da criança. Este número foi de 103 (25,70%) no grupo controle. No grupo controle observou-se que 330 (82,50%) eram brancas ou pardas, 43 (10,75%) negras e 27 (6,70%) amarelas, entre os casos foram 294 (73,50%) brancas ou pardas, 65 (16,25%) negras e 40 (10,00%) amarelas. Conclusões - O IMC alto não esteve relacionado ao nascimento de bebês com fendas. Ter sido usuária de álcool/drogas no primeiro trimestre de gestação relacionou-se ao nascimento de crianças com a má-formação. O risco de surgimento desta deformidade foi 3,6 vezes maior quanto existiu histórico de qualquer má-formação familiar; a raça/etnia da mãe também apresentou associação com a presença de fendas, a raça branca é a menos associada seguida pela parda e negra e, finalmente pela amarela que foi a que apresenta maior associação. / Introduction – The incidence of cleft lips and palate is 1 to 700 live births in the world population, it is a congenital malformation that can happens due to endogens or exogenesis factors. Objectives – Association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and the risk of cleft lips or palate. Methods – That is a case – control study. We include 800 mothers between 18 and 35 years old without suspicious of gestational or preexisting diabetes and babies between 2,500 e 4, 000 g was born between the 37 and 42 pregnancy week without other congenital malformation that is not the studied. Some questions were asked for 400 normal children’s mothers from four health centers from Santo André (controls), and 400cleft lips or palate children’s mothers from FUNCRAF that is a health center just to treatment of this malformation, from Santo André (cases). Results – Among the cases we have 148 (37.00%) mothers with BMI above 26 and among the controls it was 132 (33.00%). About alcohol and drugs use we have 82 (20.50%) women among cases and 58 (14.50%) on control group. Two hundred eleven (52.70%) malformations children’s mothers declare to have malformation parental history against 103 (25.70%) on control group. On control group we have 330 (82.50%) white , 43 (10.75%) black and 27 (6.70%) yellow, among the cases 294 (73.50%) white, 65 (16.25%) black and 40 (10.00%) yellow. Conclusions – The increase of BMI is not likely to be a risk factor for clefts, the consumption of alcohol/drugs is a risk factor for this malformation; the risk is 3.6 times highest for clefts when there is malformation history; a racial association with clefts was observed, the white women presents the lowest association and the yellow presents the highest one.

O crescimento é um processo dinâmico que muda ao longo da vida. O crescimento ósseo é um evento multicausal no qual, além dos fatores biológicos, intervêm outras características como as relacionadas ao nível socioeconômico, à raça, ao período perinatal, aos hábitos, entre outros. Este estudo objetivou identificar fatores associados ao crescimento transversal do osso maxilar representado pela medida da distância intermolar superior. Foi realizado um estudo seccional aninhado numa coorte, com uma amostra de 158 crianças entre 7 e 9 anos de idade das escolas urbanas de Acrelândia, município da Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira. A variável dependente foi a distância intermolar superior, medida entre as fossas centrais dos primeiros molares superiores permanentes. A partir da idade da introdução da mamadeira foi desenvolvida uma escala assumindo valores de 1 a 10. O sexo, o peso ao nascer, o padrão de uso da mamadeira e o escore Z do índice de massa corporal (IMC) para a idade foram consideradas como variáveis independentes, sendo analisadas por meio de modelo de equações estruturais (MEE). Foram encontrados efeitos diretos positivos significativos do sexo (CP=0,203; p=0,007), peso ao nascer (CP=0,155; p=0,046) e escore Z do IMC para a idade (CP=0,165; p=0,030) sobre o crescimento transversal do maxilar. Os efeitos indiretos (CP=0,058; p=0,029) e o efeito total (CP=0,262; p=0,000) do sexo sobre o desfecho mostraram significância estatística. Os efeitos indiretos do peso ao nascer sobre o desfecho não foram significativos (CP=0,018; p=0,508), porém, o efeito total foi significativo (CP=0,174; p=0,023). Em conclusão, o sexo, o peso ao nascer, a idade de introdução da mamadeira e o escore Z do IMC para a idade associam-se ao crescimento transversal do osso maxilar. Além de contribuir para um adequado peso ao nascer da criança, políticas e programas que favoreçam o cuidado pré natal e condições para garantir um parto a termo podem repercutir positivamente no crescimento transversal do maxilar. Do ponto de vista da Vigilância em Saúde, crianças com peso ao nascer diminuído, padrão inadequado de aleitamento materno e déficit nutricional para a idade podem apresentar maior probabilidade de desenvolver atrofia dos maxilares podendo, conforme a gravidade, redundar numa oclusopatia com importante impacto na qualidade de vida / Growth is a dynamic process that changes throughout life. Bone growth is a multicausal event in which other characteristics such as socioeconomic level, race, perinatal period, habits, and others are involved in addition to biological factors. This study aimed to identify with the associated factors transverse growth of the maxillary bone represented by the superior intermolar distance. A cross-sectional survey nested in a population-based cohort study was conducted with a sample of 158 children aged 7 to 9 years old from the urban schools of Acrelandia, a small town in the Brazilian Western Amazon. The dependent variable was the upper intermolar distance measured between the central fossae of the first permanent maxillary molars. From the age of bottle introduction, a scale was developed assuming values from 1 to 10. Sex, birth weight, bottle introduction scale and Z score of body mass index (BMI) for age (BAZ) were considered as independent variables, being analyzed with structural equations model (SEM). Significant direct positive effects of sex (CP=0,203; p=0,007), birth weight (CP=0,155; p=0,046) and BAZ (CP=0,165; p=0,030) on transverse maxillary growth were found. The indirect effects (CP=0,058; p=0,029) and the total effect (CP=0,262; p=0,000) of sex on the outcome were statistically significant. The indirect effects of birth weight on outcome were not significant (CP=0,018; p=0,508), however, the total effect was significant (CP=0,174; p=0,023). In conclusion, sex, birth weight, bottle beginning age and BMI Z score for age showed association with the transverse growth of the maxillary bone. In addition to contributing to an adequate birth weight of the child, policies and programs that favor prenatal care and conditions to guarantee a full-term birth can positively affect transversal growth of the maxilla. From a Health Surveillance point of view, children with reduced birth weight, inadequate breastfeeding pattern and nutritional deficit for age may be more likely to develop atrophy of the jaws which, depending on the severity, may result in malocclusion with an important impact on quality of life