Ce mémoire analyse la construction de la sexualité dans Les particules élémentaires (1998) et Plateforme (2001) de Michel Houellebecq afin de démontrer que le sexuel y est autant une façade textuelle qu’un outil véhiculant une critique. Il interroge aussi les mécanismes à l’œuvre dans les représentations du corps et de la sexualité véhiculées par la société française à l’entrée du XXIe siècle. Employant une lecture sociocritique, la présente étude s’appuie sur le concept d’imaginaire social (Popovic) pour mettre au jour la relation dynamique instaurée entre la société et le texte produit. Cette interaction donne tout d’abord à lire sous un nouvel éclairage la nature des références pornographiques venant interrompre la narration, et elle permet ensuite d’établir le fonctionnement houellebecquien de la subversion dans ce registre propre. La manière particulière qu’ont les romans de décrire le rapport des personnages à leur corps indique une réduction sexuelle à leurs organes génitaux, ce que nous entendons comme une sexualisation systématique des individus. Ce choix descriptif entraîne un questionnement sur les injonctions et les normes présentes dans l’espace public et retravaillées par le texte. En traitant de sujets comme la prostitution, le tourisme sexuel, l’échangisme ou encore la pédophilie, le texte houellebecquien parle du monde sous un angle « oblique » (Hamon), associé à la construction d’un discours double et ironique. En détail, l’étude des Particules élémentaires se concentre sur la tension entre un imaginaire érotico-publicitaire et un discours sur le déterminisme biologique des corps, tandis que Plateforme est abordé selon la question de la sexualisation de l’exotisme et de la marchandisation du corps comme objet de consommation. Ce mémoire fait émerger des constructions de figures féminines et masculines qui véhiculent une critique incisive et un nouveau discours à propos du délitement social sur la société contemporaine. L’amante et la prostituée, entre représentation pornographique et sublimation lyrique, sont redéfinies dans ce contexte. / How can we understand a Houellebecquian text when it evades meaning by incessant references to the field of sexuality? The sexual in the author's work is as much a textual façade as a tool for criticism. This thesis provides an in-depth analysis of the construction of sexuality in Michel Houellebecq’s Les particules élémentaires and Plateforme. The observation of an omni-present sexuality is surpassed in order to question the mechanisms at work in the representations of the body and sexuality conveyed by French society as it enters the 21st century. Employing a sociocritical interpretation, the present study draws on the concept of “social imaginary” (Popovic) to bring out the dynamic reltionship established between these pre-existing patterns and the produced text. First of all, this gives a new insight into the nature of the pornographic references that interrupt the Houellebecquian narrative, and allows us to establish how subversion works in this particular register. The characters’ relationship to their bodies indicates a sexual reduction to their genitals, wich we understand as a systematic sexualisation of individuals. This descriptive choice leads to a questionning of the injunctions and norms addressed by the text, present in the public area. By dealing with the subjects such as prostitution, sexual tourism, swinging, or paedophilia, the Houellebecquian text speaks of the world from an “oblique” angle (Hamon), associated with the construction of a double discourse. The study of Les particules élémentaires focuses on the tension between an erotico-advertising imaginary and a discours on the biological determinism of bodies for the characters, whil Plateforme is examined through the question of the sexualisation of exoticism and the commodification of the body as an objet of consumption. By drawing on previous Houellebecquian critiques and literature, this thesis brings out constructions of female and male figures, which convey an incisive critique and a new discourse on contemporary society. The lover and the prostitute, between pornographic representation and lyrical sublimation, are redefined in this context.

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The celebrated Schrödinger equation is the key to understanding the dynamics of quantum mechanical particles and comes in a variety of forms. Its numerical solution poses numerous challenges, some of which are addressed in this work. Arguably the most important problem in quantum mechanics is the so-called harmonic oscillator due to its good approximation properties for trapping potentials. In Chapter 2, an algebraic correspondence-technique is introduced and applied to construct efficient splitting algorithms, based solely on fast Fourier transforms, which solve quadratic potentials in any number of dimensions exactly - including the important case of rotating particles and non-autonomous trappings after averaging by Magnus expansions. The results are shown to transfer smoothly to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in Chapter 3. Additionally, the notion of modified nonlinear potentials is introduced and it is shown how to efficiently compute them using Fourier transforms. It is shown how to apply complex coefficient splittings to this nonlinear equation and numerical results corroborate the findings. In the semiclassical limit, the evolution operator becomes highly oscillatory and standard splitting methods suffer from exponentially increasing complexity when raising the order of the method. Algorithms with only quadratic order-dependence of the computational cost are found using the Zassenhaus algorithm. In contrast to classical splittings, special commutators are allowed to appear in the exponents. By construction, they are rapidly decreasing in size with the semiclassical parameter and can be exponentiated using only a few Lanczos iterations. For completeness, an alternative technique based on Hagedorn wavepackets is revisited and interpreted in the light of Magnus expansions and minor improvements are suggested. In the presence of explicit time-dependencies in the semiclassical Hamiltonian, the Zassenhaus algorithm requires a special initiation step. Distinguishing the case of smooth and fast frequencies, it is shown how to adapt the mechanism to obtain an efficiently computable decomposition of an effective Hamiltonian that has been obtained after Magnus expansion, without having to resolve the oscillations by taking a prohibitively small time-step. Chapter 5 considers the Schrödinger eigenvalue problem which can be formulated as an initial value problem after a Wick-rotating the Schrödinger equation to imaginary time. The elliptic nature of the evolution operator restricts standard splittings to low order, ¿ < 3, because of the unavoidable appearance of negative fractional timesteps that correspond to the ill-posed integration backwards in time. The inclusion of modified potentials lifts the order barrier up to ¿ < 5. Both restrictions can be circumvented using complex fractional time-steps with positive real part and sixthorder methods optimized for near-integrable Hamiltonians are presented. Conclusions and pointers to further research are detailed in Chapter 6, with a special focus on optimal quantum control. / Bader, PK. (2014). Geometric Integrators for Schrödinger Equations [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/38716 / TESIS / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales

Cette recherche, axée sur les témoignages concentrationnaires, vise à montrer comment celui de Charlotte Delbo brise l’espace-temps, qui emprisonne généralement ce type de discours le liant à un moment et un décor dans l’Histoire. Plusieurs facettes de son écriture testimoniale seront explorées pour mettre en lumière l’actualisation et accessibilité de son témoignage qui évoque l’éternel dans une volonté d’écriture de représenter et faire ressentir l’Innommable. La première partie de ce travail fixe l’économie discursive à travers deux grandes vagues de témoignages concentrationnaires en se structurant autour d’auteurs-rescapés ayant marqué le genre, soit Primo Levi et Jorge Semprun. La seconde partie s’attache à démontrer l’exemplarité du discours de Charlotte Delbo. Dans une vision historique du discours concentrationnaire féminin, nous mettons de l’avant, à travers la comparaison de témoignages, la voix plus retentissante et troublante que donne Delbo à son témoignage. Ensuite, l’absence de contraintes qu’elle donne à sa parole concentrationnaire confronte nos représentations entourant cet univers ainsi que nos conceptions de la vérité, de la mémoire et du témoignage, amenant alors une reconfiguration de nos schèmes préétablis. Le dernier chapitre montre le rôle fondamental que Delbo accorde à l’imaginaire dans la réception de son témoignage singulier. De la puissance évocatrice du titre de son premier tome Aucun de nous ne reviendra en passant par les silences et les vides qu’elle laisse, ainsi que le décor elle nous amène à imaginer le non-dit. Finalement, l’étude de certaines figures récurrentes dans son œuvre, celles des personnages théâtraux et de la mère mettent en lumière la volonté animant son écriture, soit par le prisme de l’imaginaire de chacun d’exprimer l’Innommable. / This research on the testimonies of concentration camp survivors shows how Charlotte Delbo’s testimony broke the space-time convention that usually links this genre to a time and place in History. Her multifaceted type of writing will be explored to underscore the timeless and accessible aspect of her testimony, its desire to represent and feel the Unspeakable. The first part of this work examines the discursive prose through two waves of testimonies, structured around two authors who marked the genre, Primo Levi and Jorge Semprun. The second part shows the exemplary nature of Charlotte Delbo’s eyewitness account. In a historical point of view of the female’s testimonies, we emphasize, through testimony comparisons, that Delbo’s voice is louder and more troubling than the others. Her unrestrained speech confronts our representation of this universe, and touches our concepts of truth, memory, and testimony leading us to reorganize our preconceived notions. The last chapter shows us the pivotal role that Delbo gives to imagination in the reception of her peculiar testimony. From the force of her first title Aucun de nous ne reviendra, through the silences, the empty spaces and scenery, she pushes us to imagine the unsaid. Finally, the study of some recurrent figures she uses, the theatrical personae and the mother image shed light on the desire that motivates her writing in which she expresses the Unspeakable through the prism of individual imagination.

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[pt] O presente trabalho se propõe a compreender as relações político-teológicas, sociais e identitárias presentes no processo dos usos do judaísmo imaginário pela nova direita cristã no Brasil. Compreendendo grupos neopentecostais e judeus conservadores, a nova direita estabelece pontos de afinidade que se estendem para além do aspecto conservador. Para entender esta dinâmica, nos voltamos ao processo de implementação do Memorial às Vítimas do Holocausto, localizado no Morro do Pasmado no Rio de Janeiro. Este objeto proporcionou uma análise de caso para a compreensão da gramática de atuação da nova direita que ultrapassa o campo religioso, passando a disputar em outras esferas, como é o caso do patrimônio e da memória. A fim de explorar o tema, foram realizadas entrevistas com atores envolvidos no processo de construção do Memorial (curadoria e arquitetura), além do levantamento do processo que envolveu o Instituto do Patrimônio Artístico e Histórico Nacional (IPHAN), o Ministério Público Federal (MPF) e a Associação dos Moradores e Amigos de Botafogo (AMAB). Tais fontes forneceram uma perspectiva acerca da elaboração da edificação, até sua implementação, abordando as disputas políticas e de memória dos grupos envolvidos. / [en] The present work purposes to understand the political-theological, social and identity relations present in the process of uses of imaginary Judaism by the new Christian right in Brazil. Comprising neo-Pentecostal groups and conservative jews, the right establishes commonalities that extend beyond the conservative aspect. To understand this dynamic, we turn to the implementation process of the Memorial to the Victims of the Holocaust, located in Morro do Pasmado in Rio de Janeiro. This object provided a case analysis for understanding the grammar of action of the new right that goes beyond the religious field, starting to dispute in other spheres, as is the case of heritage and memory. In order to explore the theme, interviews were conducted with actors involved in the process of building the Memorial (curatorship and architecture), in addition to surveying the process that involved the National Artistic and Historical Heritage Institute (IPHAN), the Federal Public Ministry (MPF) and the Association of Residents and Friends of Botafogo (AMAB). Such sources provided a perspective on the elaboration of the building, until its implementation, addressing the political and memory disputes of the groups involved.

Le principal dessein de cette recherche consiste à suggérer une nouvelle hypothèse pour rendre intelligible la fabrique des constitutions en Afrique et partant rouvrir l’instance pendante du « procès en mimétisme » dont elle a longtemps été l’objet. Tout au long de leur histoire, les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne ont été imprégnés de représentations contradictoires du politique, justifiant ainsi le caractère ambivalent des structures politiques actuelles qui d’une certaine façon porte l’empreinte de ce processus de gestation troublée. Le processus de structuration politique de ces États amorcé depuis la période coloniale s’apparente à un « roman à la chaine » dont les chapitres n’ont pas cessé de se faire et de se défaire, à plusieurs « mains », locale et occidentale, à l’épreuve de cultures différentes. L’ordre constitutionnel qui en résulte renferme des références identitaires distinctes voire antinomiques, ayant une configuration protéiforme. Ce faisant, le constitutionnalisme des pays d’Afrique subsaharienne semble s’être installé dans l’hybride à la jonction des orientations inspirées par les États « du Nord » et réinterprétées par ceux qu’on dit « du Sud ». La circulation des modèles constitutionnels ou des « cultures constitutionnelles » en Afrique subsaharienne s’accompagne ainsi d’une réappropriation contextuelle. Tout se passe alors comme si le constitutionnalisme de ces pays était pris dans un tourbillon tissé d’imaginaires imbriqués. Il en résulte une tension entre les « standards constitutionnels » occidentaux et « les localismes constitutionnels ». On est donc loin de l’espace de mimesis, ou de celui de « l’isomorphisme constitutionnel » suggéré par certains auteurs comme paradigme explicatif du constitutionnalisme en Afrique. Nous suggérons plutôt l’idée d’un « polymorphisme constitutionnel » qui résulte d’une ré-imagination constitutionnelle néanmoins inachevée. Cette étude en fera la démonstration. / The main purpose of this research is to suggest a new hypothesis to make intelligible the making of constitutions in Africa and thus reopen the pending instance of the "mimicry trial" of which it has long been the object. Throughout their history, the countries of sub-Saharan Africa have been imbued with contradictory representations of politics, thus justifying the ambivalent nature of current political structures which in a way bears the indelible imprint of this process of troubled gestation. The process of political structuring of the States of sub-Saharan Africa initiated since the colonial period is similar to a "chain novel" whose chapters have not ceased to be made and undone, with several "hands", local and Western, to the test of distinct cultures. The resulting constitutional order contains distinct and even contradictory identity references, with a protean configuration. In doing so, the constitutionalism of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa seems to have settled in the hybrid at the junction of the orientations inspired by the States "of the North" and reinterpreted by those who are said to be "of the South". The circulation of constitutional models or “constitutional cultures” in sub-Saharan Africa is therefore accompanied by a contextual reappropriation. Everything then happens as if the constitutionalism of African countries were caught in a whirlwind woven of intertwined imaginaries. The result is a tension between Western “constitutional standards” and “constitutional localisms”. We are far from the space of mimesis, or that of “constitutional isomorphism” suggested by certain authors as an explanatory paradigm of constitutionalism in Africa. Rather, we suggest the idea of a “constitutional polymorphism” that results from an unfinished constitutional re-imagining. This study will demonstrate this.

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[pt] A cidade que não é – Leituras do subúrbio carioca analisa o conceito carioca de subúrbio para tentar compreender de que forma o processo de ressignificação desse espaço impactou o imaginário existente sobre ele. Produto do crescimento das cidades e um dos elementos definidores da modernização das mesmas, o subúrbio é um território singular na constituição das metrópoles. Compreender as definições que ele ganhou nos discursos culturais é essencial para entender a cidade moderna. Na tentativa de contribuir para a análise teórica sobre o tema, este projeto parte da fundamentação geográfica, sociológica e histórica sobre as questões urbanas e da leitura de representações culturais desse espaço para conceituar e historicizar o subúrbio e analisar as superposições entre urbanismo, arquitetura, imaginário e experiência urbana nas narrativas do início do século XX aos primeiros anos do século XXI no Rio de Janeiro. / [en] The city that is not – Reading the suburb of Rio de Janeiro analyses the specificities of the concept suburb in the city of Rio de Janeiro to try to comprehend how its process of resignification impacted cultural discourses existent about it. Result of the cities growth and one of the defining elements of its modernization, the suburb is a singular space in the constitution of the metropolis. Understanding the definitions this territory gained in cultural discourses is essential to comprehend the modern city. In an attempt to contribute to the theoretical analysis of this theme, this dissertation departs from an historical, sociological and geographical bibliography to read cultural representations of the suburb during the twentieth and early twenty-first century in Rio de Janeiro, aiming to conceptualize and historicize the concept suburb and analyze the relations between urbanism, architecture, imagery and urban experience in the narratives concerning this space.

[pt] A cidade obedece a uma lógica de estruturação que não é inclusiva e atenta às diversidades, fazendo com que mulheres não usufruam plenamente da vida urbana. E se mulheres, com vivências diversas, partindo de lugares diversos, pudessem projetar a cidade onde vivem, o que elas fariam? É a partir desta pergunta com potencial especulativo que esse trabalho se estrutura. Como é o imaginário de mulheres sobre a cidade do Rio de Janeiro? E o que mulheres pensam sobre Cidades Inteligentes?. Escrever sobre cidades é escrever também sobre design, pois o design molda mundos possíveis e, aparentemente, impossíveis com a sua dimensão especulativa. Neste trabalho que gira em torno da tríade design-cidade-gênero, além de ouvir mulheres e suas vivências, buscamos investigar como o debate de gênero é levado em consideração para pensar a construção de cidades mais igualitárias e acolhedoras. Trazemos à tona a relevância de se pensar design e gênero, ressaltando a importância de se pensar o design de forma crítica para sonhar mundos preferíveis. / [en] What if women, with different experiences, coming from different backgrounds, could design the city where they live, what would they do? This question filled with speculative potential is the core of this work. What is the women s imaginary about the city of Rio de Janeiro? And what do women think about Smart Cities? Writing about cities is also writing about design, because design shapes possible and apparently impossible worlds with its speculative dimension. In this work, which revolves around the design-city-gender triad, in addition to listening to women and their experiences, we seek to investigate how the gender debate is taken to consider the construction of more egalitarian and welcoming cities. We bring to light a concern with thinking about design and gender, highlighting the importance of thinking or designing critically in order to dream preferable worlds.