Apresentamos o teorema de limite hidrodinâmico para o processo de exclusão simples simétrico com taxa lenta no bordo. Neste processo, partículas descrevem passeios aleatórios independentes no espaço {O, 1, , N}, respeitando a regra de exclusão (que afirma que duas partículas não ocupam o mesmo lugar ao mesmo instante). Paralelamente, partículas podem nascer ou morrer nos sítios O e N com taxas proporcionais a N-1 . Com o devido reescalonamento, a densidade de partículas converge para a solução fraca de urna equação diferencial parcial parabólica. Além disso, no primeiro capítulo, apresentamos seções sobre o Teorema de Prohorov, o espaço das funções càdlàg e a métrica de Skorohod definida nesse espaço. / We present the hydrodynamic limit theorem for the simple symmetric exclusion process with slow driven boundary. In this process, particles describe independent random walks in the space {O, 1, , N}, using the exclusion rule (which says that two particles do not occupy the same place at the same time). We also suppose that particles can be born or die on the sites O and N with rates proportional to N -1 . With the right rescaling procedure, the density of particles converges to the weak solution of a parabolic partial differential equation. In the first chapter, we present sections about Prohorov's Theorem, the càdlàg function space and Skorohod's metric defined in this space.

A presente tese tem como temática principal a implicação das políticas compensatórias para Pessoas com Deficiência, entre as quais o Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC). Se, após avaliação social e perícia médica, essas pessoas forem avaliadas como incapacitadas para vida autônoma e para o trabalho, passam a receber do Governo Federal um benefício no valor de um salário mínimo. O problema de pesquisa que subsidia meus questionamentos foi assim definido: quais os efeitos da política de Benefício de Prestação Continuada e seus desdobramentos, como BPC escola e BPC trabalho, nos processos de escolarização, trabalho e produção de autonomia de jovens com deficiência intelectual na contemporaneidade? Para aprofundar as respostas ao problema da pesquisa, levantei as seguintes questões: como as estratégias biopolíticas de governamento da população com deficiência intelectual operam nas políticas compensatórias? Como os programas sociais para pessoas com deficiência, BPC, BPC escola e BPC trabalho, colocam em funcionamento tecnologias de in/exclusão? Como as maquinarias político-assistenciais e compensatórias estão produzindo sujeitos assistidos, mas tutelados? A partir disso, três eixos foram priorizados: família, autonomia e trabalho. No tema em questão, são visibilizadas situações em que um programa social instituído para incluir vem produzindo exclusão. Para enfrentar esse processo, são apresentadas algumas alternativas governamentais. Na linha teórica dos Estudos Culturais, de caráter qualitativo, é utilizado, como uma das ferramentas de investigação, o Grupo de Diálogo com jovens com Deficiência Intelectual que participam de um Programa de Trabalho Educativo (PTE) da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre. Esse Programa tem conseguido subjetivar alguns desses jovens através do trabalho, tornando-os mais autônomos e produtivos. Essa situação passa a contradizer os principais critérios para concessão do BPC. / At present thesis has main theme to implication compensatory policies for people with deficiency between them or installment Continued Benefit (BPC). People those that after evaluation social e evaluation medical expertise is as incapable for independent living and to work receive from the federal government a benefit the value of the minimum wage. Or that subsidizes research problem was so my questions defined: what effects installment Continued Benefit and its Continuing developments as BPC School, BPC work, in schooling processes and producing young autonomy of intellectual impairment in contemporary times ? To assist in the conduct of answers to that problem I used the following research questions problem referred to or of research: such as bio-political strategies of government gives population com intellectual impairment operate at the compensatory policies? As social programs for people with disabilities - BPC, BPC and BPC school work - put into operation in / exclusion technology? And again: How the machineries assistance and compensatory policies are producing subjects watched, but protected? Thus three areas have been prioritized in the conduct of research: family, autonomy and work. The survey makes visible situations where a social program set to include have produced exclusion and on the other hand has some alternative government built to face this process. Research in theoretical line of Cultural Studies, qualitative, used as one of the research tools Dialogue Group with young people with intellectual disabilities who participate in an educational work program – PTE the Municipal Network of Porto Alegre Education. Research shows that they have been subjectified the work, making them more autonomous and productive, contradicting the main criteria for granting of this benefit - BPC.

This diploma thesis with the title ?Non-Romani inhabitants of socially excluded ?Romani? localities is divided into two parts: the theoretical and the empiric parts. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis deals mainly with defining the terms of social exclusion and socially excluded locality. At the same time, it describes the phenomenon of the poverty, underclass and white trash culture and ethnicity. The research part deals with the description of the actual research methodology, interpretation and the presentation of the research investigation results. The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe the perception of life in a socially excluded ?Romani? locality, by non-Romani inhabitants. With respect to the aim of the diploma thesis I chose the qualitative research strategy. The qualitative investigation was conducted by the method of questioning. The questioning technique was a semi-structured interview consisting of open questions. The target set consists of twelve respondents living in three excluded localities in the territory of the town of České Budějovice, who do not consider themselves, on the basis of self-identification, as members of the Romani ethnic group. The results of my research investigation shows what leads non-Romani inhabitants up to living in socially excluded localities, if they feel safely there and how they perceive coexistence with Romani ethnic group.

The system of assistance in material deprivation regulates aid to people in need, i.e., persons who finds themselves in a situation where they are unable to provide for themselves. At present, greater emphasis is being out on each citizen?s responsibility for themselves and their families, as well as their active role in the finding of solutions for social events that impact on them. The point to try to motivate people in need to improve personally and actively their income. The aim of the Diploma Thesis is to map the findings gathered in the process of applying selected mechanisms in the system of assistance to persons in need. Five basic questions have been formulated for our research: 1. How do the clients see the idea of selling property or other uses of property? 2. How can we prove a client?s endeavor to improve his income by working? 3. What requirements and demands do recipients of welfare benefits have when they improve their income by working? 4. Is the concept of positive effect of higher income earned by own work apparent more on the part of social workers than clients? 5. What options of controlling do the recipients of welfare benefits have when trying to prove their effort to improve their income by own work? The qualitative survey was conducted by questioning, using the technique of semi-structured interview. Data collection was done from July to October 2011 ad in March 2012. The survey sample consisted of 12 recipients of welfare benefits selected by random, 12 social workers from municipal offices, and 5 social workers from regional branches of the Labor Office. The collected data were processed by casuistry specialists. Other data were sorted by theme, mutually compared, and summarized in the form of tables. The research survey revealed that most of the questioned social workers do not consider the system of material assistance stimulating. They believe that the system forces clients to rely on the system, rather than seek employment actively.

The thesis topic ?Social exclusion among the homeless and its subsequent impact on health" provides the deeper understanding of the problematic regarding homeless people who are without family/social connections and often suffer from lack of social and health care. The theoretical part of the thesis called ?Current Status? elaborates on the study of the fundamental ideas and concepts In addition the thesis defines the objective and subjective factors of homelessness, health problematic and its determinants, trying to provide an insight into somatic and psychological complications, which are linked to the system of health care provided towards the homeless people. The aim was to detect and define the elements of social exclusion among the homeless and find their conditionality in relation to subjective health perception Basic data for the research were based on the following research questions: V1: What causes played a significant role in respondents becoming homeless? V2: How homeless people evaluate their current health? V3: How the homeless people perceive assistance to improve their situation? The subject of research part is the link between environmental (social) situation of selected group of people and their subjectively perceived health status. To determine the necessary data the qualitative method, semi-controlled interview technique supplemented by observation were used. The research was conducted in the St. Pauls shelter in České Budejovice. The interviews were done with 10 respondents and the results of the research are summarized in form of case studies divided into categories and presented according to the similarities/differences in the respondent?s claims. This work can be used as a basis for further research to quantify the social determinants of health associated with homelessness. I, together with the social worker of the St. Paul shelter, perceive lack of linking health and social services for the homeless. This issue should be further strengthened, so that eventually could be used to influence public policy in shaping the environment affecting our health.

A presente tese se propõe a identificar a relação entre os presídios do Rio de Janeiro e o processo de exclusão e dominação, essenciais para a construção da hegemonia. Para isso, analisamos a relação da construção da ordem vigente com as unidades prisionais, desde o início do século XIX, percebendo a forma como o Estado inseriu tais unidades em sua política a fim de garantir a dominação, criminalizando os grupos subalternos. Desta forma, os presídios aparecem como rotuladores, não só de indivíduos, como também de sua identidade e espaço, além, é claro, de confirmar seu status social. Para esta investigação foram utilizados a pesquisa bibliográfica e o cruzamento de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e do Ministério da Justiça, além do material didático utilizado pelas escolas prisionais do Rio de Janeiro. Nossa análise partiu da compreensão do presídio enquanto lócus de contenção e controle do excedente excluído, encontrada nas obras de Nilo Batista e das perspectivas de David Garland e Loic Wacquant que contextualizam estas instituições pela mesma ótica na política neoliberal. Como escopo teórico principal, alicerçamos esta pesquisa na teoria do desvio, desenvolvida por Haward Becker, e no conceito de hegemonia, tal qual Antonio Gramsci o concebe. Desta forma, observamos como percepções individuais de membros de grupos dominantes podem ser incorporadas pelo seu coletivo e ingressarem no código legal social, favorecendo e garantindo a hegemonia destes sobre os grupos subalternos. As prisões aparecem neste contexto como peça imprescindível. Concluímos, portanto, que as unidades prisionais do Rio de Janeiro possuem grande importância na afirmação da dominação social na medida em que recebem o subalterno e demarcam este grupo e seu espaço, transformando sua condição marginal em condição criminosa. Ou seja, favorecendo a criminalização de sua condição social e, portanto, justificando-a. / This thesis aims to identify the relationship between prison institutions in Rio de Janeiro and exclusion and domination practices, both essential for the construction of hegemonic process. Therefore, we analyze the relationship between the construction of existing order and prison institutions, since the early nineteenth century, noting how State incorporated such units in your own policy to ensure domination and criminalizing subaltern social groups. Thus prisons appear as labelers, not only of individuals but also of their identity and geography, and, of course, to confirm their social status. For this research, was necessary a literature review and cross-checking data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Federal Ministry of Justice, in addition to the teaching materials used by correctional schools Rio de Janeiro. Our analysis was based on the understanding of prison while locus of control and containment of the social excluded surplus population in the works of Nilo Batista and the perspectives of David Garland and Loic Wacquant, both that contextualize these institutions the same approach on a neoliberal policy. As a main theoretical scope, this research was based in the theory of "deviance" , developed by Howard Becker, and the concept of " hegemony ", as Antonio Gramsci defines it. Thus, we see how individual perceptions of members of dominant groups can be incorporated by their collectiveness and integrate the legal social code, promoting and ensuring hegemonic processes of these groups over subaltern groups. The prision institution appear in this context as an essential part of the system. Therefore, we conclude that the prisons of Rio de Janeiro have great importance in the affirmation of social domination to the extent that they receive the subaltern, label this group and their geography, transforming its marginal status in criminal condition. That is, favoring the criminalization of their social status and therefore, justifying it.

Esta tese pretende contribuir para o desenvolvimento de respostas públicas rumo à diminuição do impacto do HIV/Aids nos campos, econômico, político e social tanto no nível coletivo quanto no individual. Discute aspectos téorico-conceituais das noções de risco e vulnerabilidade, mostrando que a atual aplicação e apropriação dessas noções na resposta à essa epidemia dificulta o reconhecimento dos problemas adicionais enfrentados após o diagnóstico. Apresenta as diversas formas de pobreza, desigualdade e exclusão a partir dos indicadores sociais comumente usados e respectivas lógicas construtivas. Questiona as afirmações recentes sobre a queda da desigualdade, da pobreza e da indigência no país; e considera que a desigualdade e a exclusão que afetam a população em geral é a mesma a afetar pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids. Porém, aponta a existência de vulnerabilidade potencial, conceito desenvolvido nesta tese, na ausência de rede de suporte social. Para identificar e inferir sobre o que ocorre nas vidas das pessoas que vivem em situação de desigualdade ou exclusão após a infecção pelo HIV utiliza dados coletados em pesquisa de survey, discursos, estórias e memórias de casos reais da prática profissional desta autora. O objetivo desta tese é demonstrar que o conceito de vulnerabilidade aplicado após o diagnóstico é importante ferramenta para reconhecer e intervir sobre as dificuldades e problemas adicionais enfrentados. Ressalta a evolução da resposta brasileira à essa epidemia e demonstra as lacunas existentes como desafios a seu aperfeiçoamento. Conclui que o reconhecimento dos problemas adicionais após o diagnóstico e o uso do conceito de vulnerabilidade potencial abre novas possibilidades de enfrentamento do HIV/Aids e exige respostas públicas interligadas e intersetoriais. / This thesis aims to contribute to the development of public responses geared towards the reduction of the impact of HIV/Aids in economic, political and social terms, as well as at the individual level. It discusses theoretic and conceptual aspects of different notions of risk and vulnerability, showing that the current application of such notions to the response to that epidemic makes it difficult to acknowledge the additional problems faced after the diagnosis is made. It presents the different forms of poverty, inequality and exclusion taking the social indicators usually employed and their respective constructive logics as a starting point. It brings into question the recent statements made on the decline of inequality, poverty and indigence in the country; and it considers that the inequality and exclusion faced by the population in general is the same that affects the people who live with HIV/Aids. It points out, though, to the presence of a potentiation of vulnerability in this group, in the absence of a social protection network. In order to identify an infer about what happens in the lives of the people who live in a situation of inequality or exclusion after the HIV infection the thesis uses data collected in a survey, discourses, stories and memories of real cases of the professional practice of the author. The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate that the concept of vulnerability applied after the diagnosis is an important tool to acknowledge and intervene on the additional difficulties and problems that are faced by people in that situation. The thesis stresses the evolution of the Brazilian response to that epidemic and demonstrates its existing gaps as challenges to its improvement. It finally concludes that acknowledging the problems faced after diagnosis and the utilization of the concept of potential vulnerability opens new possibilities to the fight against HIV/Aids and demands interconnected and intersectorial responses.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A dissertação procurou debruçar-se sobre as condições de vida dos jovens, no contexto das relações de sexualidade, de gênero e de exclusão, face às aceleradas transformações sociais, educacionais, econômicas e políticas em Cabo Verde. A abordagem busca, a partir das informações disponíveis em estudos, das histórias ficcionadas em literatura, em memórias e experiências coletivizáveis, assim como nas efetuações e afetações inscritas na nossa trajetória individual/coletiva, dar visibilidade aos diferentes operadores categóricos que servem à preparação de um "futuro melhor para todos", procurando elucidar os regimes de poder que definem as formas a partir das quais vários problemas são reafirmados. São problemas cujas reconfigurações, hoje, são transcritas numa lista de comportamentos inadequados - muitos dos quais tidos por gravosos - que se transformam em formas comuns de se referir aos jovens. Pretendeu-se assim, na linha de pensadores como Michel Foucault, Felix Guattari e Gilles Deleuze, criar condições para desvencilhar-se das amarras que impedem que se comece a pensar sobre as condições que possibilitam aos jovens serem efetivamente protagonistas de si, protagonistas dos processos que conduzem à procura de soluções para os desafiantes problemas que pesam sobre eles. / This dissertation focus on life conditions of capeverdean youth, in terms of their sexuality and gender relationship and exclusion, and the way they face the social, educational, economic and political accelerated transformations in Cape Verde. This approach intends to point out a group of conceptual devices which are directed to prepare a ?better future for all? and tries to elucidate the regime in power that defines the way many problems are reinforced. We do that by using a research throughout information that are available on specific studies, from fictional stories and literature, and in memories and collective experiences, as well as the performance and affectation which are registered in our individual and collective paths. These are problems whose re-configuration are copied out on a list of ?donts? or bad behavior _ many of them are assumed as vexatious _ but become to ordinary ways of referring to young people. In fact, and according to Michel Foucault, Felix Guattari and Gilles Deleuze, we intend to create conditions and to untie our own thoughts so as we can find the best way to improve leadership among young people, and they can take care of themselves and think ahead in order to lead the processes which will drive them to face their conditions and find out the solution for the challenging problems which are a burden on their shoulders.

For individuals with multiple and complex needs, leaving homelessness is recognised as a dynamic and complex process. Furthermore, despite the provision of supports, tenancies may not be maintained and individuals return to using homelessness services. Tenancy sustainment—the maintenance of a tenancy to avoid a premature end of tenure—is fundamental to the resolution and prevention of homelessness. There is a paucity of research about the occupations of individuals as they establish and maintain tenancies. This thesis aimed to understand the transition process from homelessness, and tenancy sustainment, from an occupational perspective, to inform a potential occupational therapy intervention. Underpinned by the Medical Research Council (2008) framework for the development and evaluation of complex interventions, a systematic review and a constructivist grounded theory study were conducted in a convergent mixed method study design. The systematic review synthesised the evidence on tenancy sustainment following homelessness from a broad range of studies. It presented positive determinants of tenancy sustainment at individual, interpersonal, community and structural levels. The constructivist grounded theory study was conducted with people who were experiencing or had experienced multiple exclusion homelessness as well as staff in homelessness services. Individuals (n=35) were purposively sampled and interviews using reflexive photography were conducted. A substantive theory about the core process of tenancy sustainment was conceptualised as ‘Making a Home’. This was enacted through identified occupational strategies of ‘putting your stamp on it’, ‘seeing a new self’ and ‘living the life’. Tenancy sustainment was experienced as ‘feeling at home’, which had two sub-categories: ‘belonging’, which was a sense of connection to place, as well as, ‘having connections’ to other people. The key mediating factor to enable tenancy sustainment was taking control over activities. The findings were synthesised to propose a framework of factors that influence successful tenancy sustainment. Engagement in occupations, as individuals established and sustained tenancies, provided a sense of well-being, a sense of control as well as social connections. This indicates the value, to all who support individuals leave homelessness, of providing opportunities and supporting tenants to engage in personally meaningful occupations. In addition, this thesis provides a foundation for the development of an occupational therapy intervention for tenancy sustainment following homelessness.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6515.pdf: 2274743 bytes, checksum: 363167ede43e3cae38079ddb2b215fa6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Exclusion responding is the immediate selection of a comparison indefinite stimulus before a stimulus model also undefined, without a prior history teaching model. The acquisition of vocabulary due to exclusion responding can provide the expansion of verbal repertoire without prior training and accelerating the emergence of new relationships between words and referents. This study aimed to verify if the procedures of teaching conditional discriminations for babies favor the occurrence of exclusion responding and of learning of the relation new name new object, and to check how many trials were needed to check the occurrence of learning the new relation. In all two studies (S1 and S2), the procedure consisted of the establishment of auditory-visual conditional discrimination by matching-to-sample (MTS) with familiar stimuli (baseline), exclusion probes, learning probes and control probes. The difference between the procedures was the use of a cardboard box with masking function (comparison-empty) in S1 and sheets of vellum, with mask function, inserted in a notebook of education in S2. Eight 27-36 month-old babies participated in the first study and the aim was to investigate the emergence of exclusion responding and learning relationships that emerged in a play setting. Blocks of ten trials were performed, with the presentation of four comparison stimuli, one of them inside the box / mask. Four participants learned to baseline after retraining. All participants responded by exclusion and four had learning relations that emerged after retraining LB and the probes. It took six to 11 trials to exclude the occurrence of learning new relationships. A five 15-24 month-old babies participated in the second study. Blocks of six trials were performed, with the presentation of two and three comparison stimuli; consequence turned from the continuous reinforcement (CRF) to variable-ratio 2 (VR2) in baseline trials, and the probes were performed in extinction. The mask (comparison-empty) was inserted through fading in terms of education. All infants learned the conditional discrimination and exclusion responding (in the first or second attempt of each probe); however, none of them responded consistently with the criteria of learning relations new name new object. The need to devise new procedures to foster the learning of relationships that emerged in exclusion responding has been discussed. / O responder por exclusão consiste na seleção imediata de um estímulo de comparação indefinido condicionalmente a um modelo também indefinido, sem uma história prévia de ensino. A aquisição de vocabulário decorrente do responder por exclusão pode proporcionar a ampliação do repertório verbal sem treinamento prévio e a aceleração da emergência de novas relações entre palavras e referentes. Este trabalho visou verificar se os procedimentos de ensino de discriminações condicionais para bebês favorecem a ocorrência do responder por exclusão e a aprendizagem de relações nome novo-objeto novo, além de verificar quantas tentativas de seleção seriam necessárias para a ocorrência da aprendizagem da nova relação. Nos dois estudos (E1 e E2) o procedimento consistiu do estabelecimento das discriminações condicionais auditivovisuais por matching-to-sample (MTS) com estímulos familiares (linha de base), sondas de exclusão, sondas de aprendizagem e sondas controle. A diferença dos procedimentos foi o uso de uma caixa de papelão com função de máscara (comparação-vazio) no E1 e folhas de papel vegetal, com função de máscara, inseridas em um caderno de ensino no E2. No primeiro estudo participaram oito bebês, de 27 a 36 meses e o objetivo foi verificar a emergência do responder por exclusão e da aprendizagem das relações que emergiram, em um contexto de brincadeira. Foram realizados blocos de dez tentativas, com a apresentação de quatro estímulos de comparação, um deles dentro da caixa/máscara. Quatro participantes aprenderam a linha de base após retreino. Todos os participantes responderam por exclusão e quatro apresentaram aprendizagem das relações que emergiram, após retreino de LB e das sondas. Foram necessárias de seis a 11 tentativas de exclusão para a ocorrência da aprendizagem de novas relações. No segundo estudo participaram cinco bebês, de 15 a 24 meses. Foram realizados blocos de seis tentativas, com a apresentação de dois e três estímulos de comparação; a consequência passou de reforçamento contínuo (CRF) para razão variável 2 (VR2) em tentativas de linha de base, e as sondas foram realizadas em extinção. A máscara (comparação-vazio) foi inserida por meio de fading in no caderno de ensino. Todos os bebês aprenderam as discriminações condicionais e responderam por exclusão (na primeira ou segunda tentativa de cada sonda); porém, nenhum deles respondeu consistentemente com os critérios de aprendizagem das relações nome novo-objeto novo. Discutiu-se necessidade de planejar novos procedimentos que propiciem a aprendizagem das relações que emergiram no responder por exclusão.