Triadic attention, sharing attention with a person about an object or event, typically develops between eight and 12 months of age. This ability facilitates the development of social skills and language through shared exploration of objects and social stimuli. Two key aspects of triadic attention are initiating joint attention (IJA), the use of gaze and gestures to involve another in an experience, and behavioral requesting (IBR), the use of verbal and nonverbal communication to elicit help from another. Both aspects of triadic attention are impaired in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), which are characterized by social and communication deficits. The current study investigated the early development of triadic attention in eight- to- 12 month old infants who either have an older sibling diagnosed with an ASD (ASD-Sibs), or have older siblings with no ASD symptomatology (COMP-Sibs). This study examined age-related changes in the frequency of infant-initiated triadic attention using two measures, the Early Social Communication Scales (ESCS) and parent-administered Triadic Play Interaction (TPI). Triadic attention had modest associations between the TPI and the ESCS, with three of the six possible associations significant. At eight months of age, ASD-Sibs initiated significantly fewer IJA bids during the ESCS than COMP-Sibs. At 12 months of age, presence of IBR during the TPI differed significantly by group, with 18 percent of ASD-Sibs initiating a behavioral request, compared to 58 percent of COMP-Sibs. This study demonstrated that infant-initiated triadic attention behaviors differed by group status in both measures used, suggesting these measures offer different and complementary information regarding triadic attention behaviors in ASD-Sibs compared to COMP-Sibs. The use of the TPI in examining triadic attention development in ASD-Sibs is discussed.

The relationship between infants’ neural processing of and visual preferences for attractive and unattractive faces was investigated through the integration of event-related potential and preferential looking methods. Six-month-olds viewed color images of female faces previously rated by adults for attractiveness. The faces were presented in contrasting pairs of attractiveness (attractive/unattractive) for 1.5-second durations. The results showed that compared to attractive faces, unattractive faces elicited larger N290 amplitudes at left hemisphere electrode sites (PO9) and smaller P400 amplitudes at electrode sites across both hemispheres (PO9 and PO10). There were no significant differences between infants’ overall looking times based on attractiveness, however, a significant relationship was found between amplitude and trial looking time; larger N290 amplitudes were associated with longer trial looking times. The results suggest that compared to attractive faces, unattractive faces require greater cognitive resources and longer initial attention for visual processing. / text

One unresolved issue in early word learning research is the relationship between word learning, categorization, and attention. Two distinct cognitive processes, attentional preferences related to categorical processing and inter-modal matching are involved in this relationship. Keeping the effects of these processes separate and controlled can be a difficult task. Not doing so can potentially confound the interpretation of research in this area. In a series of four preferential looking studies, the effects of referential assignment and novelty seeking in infancy were teased apart. In Study 1, 13-month olds preferred to look toward a monitor on which the stimuli changed category on every trial, and away from a monitor on which the stimuli were drawn from a single category. This preference developed in conditions in which infants listened to labels, non-language sound, or participated in silence. In Study 2, 18-month-olds developed the same preference when listening to non-language sounds or when participating in silence, but developed no preference when listening to labels. Results of studies 3 and 4 suggest that the lack of preference by 18-month-olds in the label condition result from competing behaviors of novelty seeking and referential assignment. / text

The master work is dedicated to estimation of real infancy criminal deed number and analysis in Šiauliai district. Today in Lithuania much attention is separated to delinquent children criminal deed, its level and prevention. The criminal deed of delinquent children includes the criminal deed of infancy, but it is to little interested in infancy criminal deed. The aim of this work – is the real estimation of infancy criminal deed, its population, problematic, tendency, the made criminal deed analysis and the solving ways of the problem. To reach this aim allows me to have the research – law deeds, which reglament the criminal responsibility of infancy, analysis, policy and the research of documents in prosecutor`s department, teachers working to the delinquent children, their opinion were aimed the empirical, philosophical and psychological methods of document studies, questioning, interview, law and enducational analysis. The proceeding document analysis at the time of questioning allows to see the real position. The conclusions shows us that the infancy criminal deed in long term, there are no disciplinary punishment to delinquent children, the law deeds are not finished. Most of the delinquent children parents too little take care of their behaviour at school and their studies are not very interesting for these children, and it is clear why so many criminal deeds are made at school. These children have bad habits and the turn to the violence. At the end of this work... [to full text]

A radical argument is presented that it is plausible to look at the condition of mental handicap as entailing dynamic cognitive processes which may be available to some degree of therapeutic intervention at a fundamental level. An overview of some broad aspects of mental handicap is presented and it is argued that much of the subject of mental handicap is based on assumptions which may not be justified. On the assumption that in normal infancy play is a powerful medium for promoting developmental change, aspects of the mentally handicapped child's inability to play is examined and discussed. This is done by adopting the Piagetian notion of decentration and showing how the concept has explanatory value for looking at change in the severely, or profoundly mentally handicapped child. A model of aspects of the process is developed and implemented as a computer simulation. This model entails he processes of "Integration and Differentiation" of hierarchical chunks. The prospects and usefulness of a developmental curriculum as a framework within which to work with the profoundly and severely mentally retarded is discussed. The notions of Integration and Differentiation are applied to systems of sensori-motor competence and presented as a candidate for a curriculum. A presentation of the Uzgiris & Hunt scales serves to provide the user with the means to understand where the child is "at" in the curriculum. The computer simulation is further developed to show how it could be extended to provide explanations for the effects of success and failure upon developmental process. The model provides an insight into the nature of stereotypy and the implications of the model are explored in a therapy undertaked with a mentally handicapped and withdrawn child. The relationship between the understanding gained here and the processes of normal mothering is introduced. The theme of the mothering process is develcped apd explored as a means of providing the mentally Nandi Gaped child with the experience of success that section 3 suggests is the means for promoting change. This is demonstrated via several case accounts. The transactional interface between the intractable organic and the potentially more plastic cognitive/social process is tentatively explored by a discussion of "eye contact". Finally an evaluative framework for the possible implications of the work are discussed.

Este estudo teve como propósito refletir acerca dos efeitos motores e comportamentais que as Vivências Aquáticas para Bebês poderiam provocar em seus participantes. As publicações sobre a primeira infância apresentam uma tendência a tratar o desenvolvimento infantil predominantemente sobre aspectos biológicos, desconsiderando a relevância das relações intra e interpessoais e com o meio. Pouco se tem publicado sobre os processos pedagógicos lúdicos na água, onde se intenciona trazer a tona os prazeres e desprazeres dos participantes. O propósito inicial era saber dos efeitos motivacionais que poderiam ser trabalhados no meio aquático, através de estratégias de intervenção pedagógica. Foi um desafio encontrar um caminho para organizar as informações que o estudo se propunha, por entender-se que o tema é polêmico e requer investigação científica na construção deste conhecimento, já que há um aumento na prática de atividades aquáticas com bebês que gera em alguns casos expectativa de se iniciar cada vez mais cedo. A metodologia utilizada configurou-se como qualitativa, optando-se pela pesquisa descritiva, considerada como o método que melhor se ajustava ao estudo em questão. Contou com seis participantes, formados pelo bebê e seu(s) cuidador(es), que em todos os casos tratava-se do pai ou da mãe (pais-bebê). Os instrumentos utilizados na coleta de informações foram: a observação; registro fotográfico; registro em video-tape; a análise de documentários gravados em vídeo; e a entrevista. A análise e interpretação das informações foram realizadas a partir de cinco categorias que surgiram das entrevistas e depoimentos cedidos pelos pais. São elas: “A motivação de buscar as Vivências Aquáticas para Bebês”; “O Meio e as Atividades Aquáticas”; “Reações Comportamentais e Motoras”; “Processo de Aprendizagem”; “Relações de Dependência e Autonomia”. O estudo põe em evidência que esta estratégia pedagógica de intervenção pela via corporal no meio aquático, que utilizou como âncora pedagógica atividades lúdicas e de sensibilização, serviu de alavanca para desencadear o processo de maturação biológica e comportamental dos participantes do estudo, demonstrando que a idade cronológica não é fator limitador no processo de desenvolvimento dos bebês no meio aquático. / This study aimed at evaluating the motor and behavioral effects of aquatic experiences over its participants. The available literature about early infancy tends to focus on biological aspects and neglects the relevance of personal interaction among group members as well as the interaction between the group and the water environment. Very little material has been published on ludic, pedagogic procedures in the water which analyzes likes and dislikes of participants. The basic purpose was to investigate the motivational effects that could be used in the water environment by means of pedagogic intervenience strategies. Finding a way to organize all the information collected was a challenging task since this is an issue which raises controversy and requires scientific investigation in order to build such know-how, not to mention the increased demand in aquatic activities with babies which sometimes leads to the expectation of getting started earlier and earlier. A qualitative methodology and descriptive approach were judged to be the most appropriate for this study. Six babies with their respective keepers took part in the experiment. For each baby the keeper was always a parent. In order to collect information the following were used: observation; photographic record; video-tape recording; analysis of video-taped documentaries; and an interview. The analysis and interpretation of information were performed with basis on five categories defined by the interview and parents’ statements. Namely: “Motivation to pursue aquatic experiences for babies”; “The environment and aquatic activities”; “Behavioral and motor reactions”; “Learning process”; “Dependence and autonomy relations”. The study makes evident the fact that this pedagogical strategy, based on physical activity in the water environment which used ludic and sensitivity development activities as a pedagogical approach, triggers the process of biological and behavioral maturation of participants and demonstrates that chronological age is not a limiting factor in the process of development of babies in the water environment.

Early life stress (ELS) affects the developing brain and impacts capacity for self-regulation and risk for psychopathology. The high spatial resolution of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) confers an advantage for studying specific neural regions posited to link ELS with subsequent functioning. The first chapter in this dissertation reviews the literature establishing the feasibility and utility of fMRI research with infants and young children. This chapter examines methodological issues and outlines the potential for this technique to make unique contributions to understanding how ELS influences brain development. The next two chapters present results from a study that employed a functional activation paradigm and resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) to examine associations between a common source of ELS, non-physical interparental conflict, and neural functioning during infancy. The functional activation paradigm focused on emotional tone of voice as a stimulus relevant to interparental conflict, which is likely salient to infants. Higher levels of interparental conflict (as reported by mothers) were associated with infants (6 to 12 months of age) showing greater reactivity to very angry versus neutral tone of voice in neural regions associated with processing and regulation of stress and emotion (hypothalamus and rostral anterior cingulate cortex). The rs-fcMRI analysis examined coordinated neural functioning in the absence of stimuli, focusing on the amygdala as a key region for understanding the impact of ELS and the posterior cingulate cortex as part of a group of regions that show higher levels of activity in the absence of stimuli (the default network). The results replicate previous work characterizing the default network in infants and provide novel evidence for the functional connectivity of the amydgala and amygdala subregions during infancy. Interparental conflict was associated with variation in the connectivity of both regions. Thus levels of interparental conflict were associated with neural reactivity to a stressor-relevant stimulus and with patterns of coordinated neural functioning in the absence of such stimuli. These results provide support for the utility of using fMRI with infants to examine early emerging associations between common forms of ELS and brain functioning. This dissertation includes previously published and co-authored material. / 2016-10-17

Discute-se neste trabalho a clínica em Saúde Coletiva a partir de narrativas de casos clínicos de bebês atendidos por uma equipe multiprofissional, que se quis interdisciplinar, de nutrição e de psicologia, com aporte teórico da psicanálise, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde. Preocupa-se nesta pesquisa em compreender os aspectos técnicos da prática clínica em questão, em como a intersubjetividade influenciou o encontro, em como se efetivou o trabalho entre os saberes e a construção de redes intersetoriais de atendimento. Tomou-se a narrativa de casos clínicos como uma metodologia de pesquisa sustentada em Walter Benjamim, com seu “narrador sucateiro”, e em Ricardo Rodulfo, através do método do Estudo Clínico e do estatuto do brincar. As narrativas foram construídas por um coletivo do qual participaram duas nutricionistas e uma ex-estagiária de psicologia, que, juntamente com a mestranda, atenderam aos casos clínicos narrados. O que se observou nas narrativas foi o que se estabelecia e se desdobrava a partir da emergência de um espaço entre as diferentes disciplinas, os diferentes setores, os diferentes saberes. Entendeu-se o entre saberes como uma criação, algo que se difere a partir da intercessão entre saberes, que se contamina pelo novo que o outro saber introduz, estabelecendo uma continuidade, uma suplementaridade, que ao mesmo tempo reconhece a diferença, criando assim o paradoxo da transicionalidade, que precisa ser sustentado em prol da constituição de uma experiência. O entre é um espaço, mas também é um movimento, repleto de tensão, de disputa, de aprendizagens, no qual circulam subjetividades, o que acrescenta o fator inconsciente à complexidade do entre saberes. Conclui-se que a clínica com bebês oferece uma visibilidade ao que se denominou de encruzilhada clínica e ético-política, na qual se cruzam os saberes dos usuários com os saberes técnicos das disciplinas envolvidas, como a nutrição e a psicanálise, com os saberes da Saúde Coletiva produzindo escolhas guiadas pela posição ética dos trabalhadores. Desta forma, argumenta-se que a clínica acontece em um movimento entre saberes que circula em uma superfície paradoxal, produzindo uma relação que, seguindo a Torossian (2009b), inspirada em Derrida e Lacan, nomeamos de “suplementaridade moebiana” entre clínica e Saúde Coletiva. / It has been discussed in this work the clinic in Collective Health after clinical cases narratives of babies attended by a multiprofessional team, that were supposed to interdisciplinate, of nutrition and psychology, with theoric contribution of psychoanalysis in the ambit of Public Health System. It has been worried in this search to understand the technical aspects of clinical practice in question, in how the intersubjectiveness influenced the meeting, in how it was accomplished the work among the acquirements and the construction of intersectorials nets of attendance. It was taken the narrative of clinical cases as a searching methodology based in Walter Benjamim, with his “scraper narrator” and in Ricardo Rodulfo, by the method of the clinical study and the statute of playing. The narratives were built by a collective which participated two nutritionists and an ex-psychology trainee that together with the master student attended to the clinical cases reported. What was observed in the narratives was what was being established and unfolded after emergency of a space among the different disciplines, the different sectors, the different acquirements. It was understood among acquirements as a creation, something that differs after the intercession between acquirements, that is contamined by the new that the other acquirement introduces, establishing a continuity, an supplementarity, that in the same time recognizes the difference creating in this way the paradox of the transitionality, that needs to be supported in benefit of the constitution of an experience. The among is a space as well as a movement, full of tension, of debate, of learnings, in which circulate subjectivities which adds an unconscious factor to the complexity of among acquirements. It is concluded that the clinic with babies offers a visibility at what was considered of a clinical crossroad and political ethics in which the acquirements are crossed of the users with the technical acquirements of the involved disciplines as the nutrition and psychoanalysis with the acquirements of the Collective Health producing guided choices by the ethics position of the workers. Thus, it’s proposed that clinical practices happen in an among acquirements movement that runs through a paradox surface, creating a relation which, according to Torossian (2009b), inspired in Derrida and Lacan, we call “moebian supplementarity” between clinic and Collective Health.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-09-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_att_dr_mar.pdf: 387483 bytes, checksum: 4646c9db653eaa6c7d290c8e428ba0a5 (MD5) / Infância, Experiência e Trabalho Docente é uma pesquisa que resultou do interesse em pensar a experiência da infância como possibilidade para a educação. Um dos motivos da iniciativa para essa busca foi a necessidade de entender, de elucidar, de esclarecer os desafios das interfaces entre infância, experiência e educação na modernidade e assim, perseguir uma outra possibilidade de (re)pensar a infância: o da reinterpretação desse conceito pela via do pensamento filosófico contemporâneo e pelas implicações que demarcam suas inflexões mais importantes e suas implicações para a educação. Para esse percurso, contamos com a contribuição das reflexões dos filósofos contemporâneos que se debruçaram em refletir sobre a modernidade. Entre eles, Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno, Michel Foucault, Jean François Lyotard e Giorgio Agamben, dentre outros, principalmente naquilo que se refere ao tema infância e na idéia de que a modernidade possibilita um déficit de experiências da in-fância. São reflexões que nos mostram que, à medida que o processo emancipatório da sociedade moderna avança, cresce a constatação da expropriação da experiência e percebe-se que a infância não é a preocupação central do pensamento, mas a experiência que a constitui e pode desviá-la do caminho da racionalidade exigida pela Aufklärung. Nossa principal preocupação é pensar a noção de infância pela notoriedade que ela vai ganhando na modernidade, posicionando-a como centro das atenções, não pela sua influência na vida do homem, mas na sua vinculação com o desenvolvimento da sociedade, atrelada à idéia de menoridade e de incapacidade. É a possibilidade de buscarmos através da experiência da infância (trans)formar a experiência de ensinar, ou mesmo confrontar a própria infância dos professores , à medida que pensar o educar pautado na experiência... / Infancy, experience and teaching work is a research that is resulted from the interest in thinking the experience of infancy as possibility to the education. One of the reasons from the initiative for this search was the need to understand, inform, clarify the challenges of the connections between infancy, experience and education in the modern world, and like that seek another possibility of re (think) the infancy: reinterpreting this concept using the contemporary philosophic thought and by the implications that delimit their deviation more important and their implications to the education. To that rout, we count on the contribution of the thought of contemporaries philosopher which devoted themselves in think about the modernity. Between them, Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno, Michel Foucault, Jean François Lyotard and Giorgio Agamben, and other, mainly in what refer to the infancy subject and in the idea that the modernity cans be enabling to make a deficit of experiences of infancy. They are thoughts which show us that, as the emancipation process of the modernity society goes up, grows the verification to forbid the experience and realize that infancy is not the central worry of thought, but the experience which constitute it, and can divert it of the way of the rationality demanded by Aufklärung. Our main worry is to think the notion of infancy by notoriety that keeps gaining in the modernity, being situated as the centre of attention; it is not because of influence in men lives, but in their connections with the development of society, tied in the idea of being under age and disability. It is the possibility of taking through the infancy (trans)forming the experience of teaching, or even confronting the own teacher's infancy think the educate regularized the infancy experience is think the infancy as interrupted, hiatus that exists between sense and reason, in the possibility... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

O presente trabalho do Mestrado Profissional em Teologia, intitulado O processo histórico da Educação Infantil: um olhar reflexivo a partir da realidade de Capivari do Sul, tem por objetivo descrever a realidade da criança desde a Idade Média e pesquisar a história da educação infantil brasileira ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX. Para isto, enfatizamos os acontecimentos socioeconômicos que ocorriam no mundo e procuramos pontuar onde o Brasil se encontrava neste contexto, para então compreendermos melhor como e por que surgiram as creches e os jardins de infância em nosso país. Procuramos dialogar com autores que já vêm refletindo e discutindo sobre a história da criança, da infância, da família, da educação e da educação infantil. Pontuamos algumas considerações sobre a educação infantil, entre elas o aumento das discussões acerca da temática da educação infantil que ocorreu mais fortemente em meados do século XX, além de referirmos as mudanças da família e o reflexo na relação com a instituição escola. Constatamos também o crescimento dos estabelecimentos destinados à educação de crianças com a faixa etária de 2 a 6 anos, a partir da saída da mulher para o trabalho. Mesmo Capivari do Sul sendo um município pequeno, verificamos que as mudanças citadas também fizeram e fazem parte de seu contexto social com maior ou menor intensidade. As exigências da pós-modernidade estão latentes tanto nas metrópoles quanto nos municípios do interior. / This Professional Masters Degree research, titled The historical process of infant education: a reflective view from the reality of Capivari do Sul, aims at describing the childs reality from Middle Age onwards and researching the history of infant education in Brazil along the nineteenth and twentieth century. In order to do so, we laid emphasis on the socio-economical events which were happening in the world and tried to point out where Brazil was in this context, so that we could better comprehend how and why the day care centers and kindergartens arose in Brazil. We sought to dialogue with authors who have been reflecting and discussing about the history of children, infancy, family, education and infant education. We pointed out some considerations about infant education, such as the increase of discussions concerning the theme of infant education that was stronger in the middle of the twentieth century; besides this, we referred to the changes that occurred in the family and the repercussion of it in the relationship with the educational institution. We also found the increase of institutions that provide infant education to children aged 2-6, caused by the fact that the woman start to work outside home. Even in Capivari do Sul, which is a small county, we verified that the cited changes are also part of its social context with greater or lesser intensity. The demands of post-modernity are latent both in the big cities and in the countryside counties.