Nursing Muslim patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) poses challenges for expatriate non-Muslim nurses. Caring for Muslim patients in a cardiac intensive care unit, catering for patients who underwent open heart surgery, poses unique challenges to non-Muslim nurses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 63 non-Muslim nurses who cared for Muslim patients who had undergone cardiac surgery. Factors that influenced non Muslim nurses’ experiences of working with Muslim patients in the KSA, included culture shock, language barriers and a lack of understanding of Islam as a religion. In-service education sessions, addressing these issues, could enhance non-Muslim nurses' abilities to render culture competent care to Muslim patients in a cardiac intensive care unit in the KSA. Arabic-English translators could facilitate communication between the expatriate nurses and the Muslim patients. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the knowledge that a cohort of 40 intensive care unit nurses had of evidence-based practice. It was assumed that they lacked the knowledge to locate, evaluate understand and apply research findings. Quantitative, non-experimental descriptive research was conducted to explore their knowledge and to formulate recommendations for promoting it. Data collection involved administering a structured questionnaire administered to the cohort in an intensive care unit. The findings revealed that, although they were familiar with the basic concept of evidence-based practice, they were reluctant and lacked the skills to adopt it in their practice. It is recommended that they be trained and empowered to develop research expertise from within their own ranks. Finally it is recommended that nursing management should play a more proactive role in identifying cost-effective strategies in overcoming barriers to finding, promoting and integrating evidence-based practice / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Children heart diseases can be divided into congenital and acquired heart defects. The acquired heart defects can be further divided into acquired heart defects, heart rhythm disorders, including hypertension, inflammatory heart diseases and heart failure. Children heart diseases can occur at any age, even if it is a congenital heart defect that is less severe. The diploma thesis should bring nurses closer to the problems of nursing care of children with heart diseases hospitalized at the ICU. The goal of this thesis was to find out the specifics of nursing care of children with heart diseases who are hospitalized at the ICU and to find out the most common nursing diagnoses according to NANDA II taxonomy, and their treatment in case of children with heart diseases who are hospitalized at the ICU. During the realization of the research part, a qualitative research survey was used using semi-structured interviews with the nurses involved in the observation. And a summarization that provides a more comprehensive view of the composition of children with heart diseases hospitalized at the ICU. The interviews were conducted with the nurses at the children's ICU, where the participant observation took place as well. In the research section the most common nursing interventions in case of these children were described and how much they differ from interventions in case of children with other illnesses that are also hospitalized at the ICU. Further, we have also found out the most common nursing diagnoses of children with heart diseases hospitalized at the ICU.

A segurança do paciente grave é uma meta da qualidade do atendimento em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), daí a necessidade de se investigar os fatores relacionados à ocorrência de eventos adversos nesse contexto. Trata-se este estudo de uma pesquisa quantitativa, retrospectiva, analítico-transversal que teve como objetivo analisar os fatores associados aos incidentes e/ou eventos adversos (INC/EA) no preparo e administração de medicamentos, nos cuidados com tubo endotraqueal/traqueostomia, sondas, drenos, cateteres e queda em UTI segundo as características demográficas e clínicas do paciente e recursos estruturais da Unidade. Os dados foram coletados por meio dos registros de INC/EA dos prontuários dos pacientes que tiveram notificado algum tipo de INC/EA no período de 2003 e 2006, inclusive, em cinco UTI de cinco hospitais do Município de São Paulo. No tratamento estatístico, foi utilizada a análise de regressão logística multivariada para a identificação dos fatores independentes de INC/EA e condições de saída da Unidade. Para a identificação dos fatores independentes do tempo de permanência nas UTI, utilizou-se a análise de regressão linear múltipla. As variáveis que entraram nos modelos foram aquelas que apresentaram na regressão logística univariada um valor de teste Wald<0,20; em todas as análises realizadas foi utilizado o nível de significância de 5%. Do total de 21.230 admissões nas UTI, 377 (1,78%) pacientes sofreram algum tipo de INC/EA. Foram notificadas 461 ocorrências, a maioria relacionada ao preparo e administração de medicamentos (196-42,51%), seguidas aos cateteres periféricos e arteriais (105-22,77%) e às sondas nasogástricas (73-15,83%). Quanto aos fatores associados aos INC/EA e recursos materiais/equipamentos e ambiente físico das unidades, o baixo número de ocorrências (16-2,82%) inviabilizou a análise dessas variáveis. Da mesma forma, nenhum hospital dispunha das escalas diárias de enfermagem com dados retrospectivos sobre os recursos humanos existentes no período do estudo. Verificou-se que o número de dias de permanência dos artefatos terapêuticos foi um dos principais fatores independentes associados aos INC/EA quer no preparo e administração de medicamentos (número de dias de TE/Traq.), quer nos cuidados com cateter periférico, sonda nasogástrica e cateter central (número de dias de artefatos terapêuticos), seguidos da gravidade e da não sobrevivência dos pacientes. Referente ao tempo de permanência na UTI, os fatores associados foram número de dias de sondas, drenos e cateteres, número de itens da prescrição medicamentosa, não sobrevivência e INC/EA com cateteres periféricos e medicamentos. Finalizando, constatou-se que pacientes não sobreviventes tiveram maior número de dias com TE/Traq., eram mais graves e apresentaram, aproximadamente, cinco vezes mais chance de sofrer um INC/EA com TE/Traq.. Considerando que o enfoque da segurança do paciente é de responsabilidade compartilhada de todos os profissionais, da área de saúde ou não, julga-se que os resultados dessa investigação contribuam para a melhoria da assistência ao paciente crítico, por abrir perspectivas para o estabelecimento de protocolos de prevenção dessas ocorrências / The safety of serious patients is a goal of the quality of service in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), therefore, the need to investigate the factors related to the occurrence of adverse events in this context. This study reports a quantitative, retrospective, analytic-transversal research that aimed to analyze the factors associated with the incidents and/or adverse events (INC/AE) in the preparation and administration of medication, in the care of endotracheal/tracheostomy tubes, probes, drains, catheters and fall in ICUs according to the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients and structural resources of the Units. Data was collected from the registry of INC/AE made in the charts of patients that were notified with some type of INC/AE in five ICUs of five hospitals of the City of Sao Paulo from 2003 to 2006. The statistical treatment consisted of an analysis of multivariate logistic regression to identify the independent factors of INC/AE and exit conditions of the Units. The author also ran the multiple linear regression analysis to identify the independent factors of the length of stay in the ICUs. Variables that presented a Wald test rate <0,20 in the univariate logistic regression entered in the models. All analysis adopted a 5% significance level. From 21.230 total admissions in the ICUs, 377 (1,78%) patients suffered some type of INC/AE. A total of 461 occurrences were notified. Most of these occurrences were related to the preparation and administration of medication (196-42,51%), followed by the peripheral catheters and A- lines (105-22,77%), and the nasograstic tubes (73-15,83%). The low number of occurrences (16-2,82%) of factors associated with INC/AE, material/equipment resources and physical settings of the units made the analysis of these variables unfeasible. The same way, no hospital made available daily nursing schedules that contained retrospective data about the existing human resources at the time of the study. The author verified that the number of days of use of therapeutic artifacts was one of the main independent factors associated with INC/AE. These related to the preparation and administration of medication (number of days of TE/Traq.), as well as to the care of peripheral catheters, nasograstic tubes and central catheters (number of days of therapeutic artifacts), followed by seriousness and non-survival of the patients. The factors associated with the length of stay in the ICU were number of days with probes, drains and catheters, number of items of the prescribed medication, non-survival and INC/AE with peripheral catheters and medication. At last, the author established that non-survival patients spent a greater number of days with TE/Traq. They were also more serious and were about five times more likely to suffer INC/AE with TE/Traq. Considering that the focus of a patient safety is shared responsibility of all professionals, from the health field or not, the author considers that the results of this investigation contribute to the improvement of the assistance to critical patients, as it opens perspectives for the establishment of protocols for the prevention of such occurrences

No description available.

Bakgrund: 100 000 vårdskador uppstår i Sverige varje år. Patienter som vårdas på intensivvårdsavdelningar löper störst risk att drabbas. För att minska riskerna och höja patientsäkerheten krävs kunskap om vilka risker som finns och vilka misstag som begås. Syfte: att beskriva i vilka sammanhang intensivvårdssjuksköterskor upplever att patientsäkerheten brister. Metod: en empirisk studie med kvalitativ design har utförts. Datainsamlingen har skett i två fokusgrupper med intensivvårdssjuksköterskor. Materialet analyserades och presenteras i form av teman och kategorier. Resultat: brister sågs i organisationen och sjuksköterskorna. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde även att brister i samarbetet och kommunikationen uppstod mellan individer samt mellan individer och organisationen. Slutsats: organisationen måste bistå med patientsäkra lokaler och lyfta patientsäkerheten på avdelningen. Sjuksköterskorna i sin tur måste följa författningar och lokala rutiner. Detta för att skydda patienter och för att inte själva straffas för vårdskador. Organisationen och sjuksköterskorna måste därtill tillsammans förbättra samarbetet och kommunikationen dem emellan. Klinisk betydelse: studien kan användas i ett förbättringsarbete på den undersökta avdelningen samt stärka gruppsamhörigheten för intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna. / Background: 100 000 adverse events occur annually in Swedish hospitals. Patients being treated in intensive care units are most at risk. To reduce risks and improve patient safety requires knowledge of the risks involved and the mistakes made. Aim: to describe in which context intensive care nurses experience that patient safety fails. Method: an empirical study with a qualitative design has been made. Data has been collected in two focus groups with intensive care nurses. The material was analyzed and presented in terms of themes and categories. Results: patient safety deficiencies were found in the organization and among the nurses. The nurses also described deficiencies in the cooperation and communication between individuals and between individuals and the organization. Conclusion: the organization must give priority to patient safety issues and provide facilities well adapted to carry out safe care. As for the nurses, they must follow regulations and local procedures in order to prevent harm to patients and to avoid being punished for adverse events. The organization and the nurses must together improve cooperation and communication to promote patient safety. Clinical importance: this study can be used to improve patient safety at the investigated intensive care unit and strengthen the group cohesion among the critical care nurses.

Bakgrund: I intensivvårdssjuksköterskans arbetsuppgifter ingår att räkna och registrera vätskebalans. Normal perspiratio är mellan 800-1100ml/dygn. Vätskeförlust via perspiratio är svårberäknad och hos den kritiskt sjuka patienten är de individuella skillnaderna ännu större och perspiratio kan bli större än normalt. Syfte: Att undersöka om perspiratio räknas in i vätskebalansen samt vilka faktorer som påverkar beräkningen. Metod: En empirisk, deskriptiv och analytisk studie med kvantitativ ansats. Datainsamlingen skedde genom frågeformulär utdelade till vårdenhetschefer på intensivvårdsavdelningar i Sverige. Resultat: Studien visar att på intensivvårdsavdelningarna var det vanligast att vätskeförlust via perspiratio räknas in i vätskebalansen. På dessa intensivvårdsavdelningar fanns skillnader i vilka faktorer som påverkade beräkningen. Vanligast förekommande var att beräkningen påverkades av patientens temp, andningsfrekvens och kroppsvikt. Slutsats: Att räkna med perspiratio som en del i vätskebalansen förefaller allmänt förekomma på intensivvårdsavdelningar i Sverige. Alla intensivvårdsavdelningar har inte riktlinjer för hur vätskebalans skall räknas. Det finns skillnader i vilka faktorer som påverkar beräkningen av perspiratio och detta stödjer det faktum att perspiratio är svårt att beräkna. Det finns även ett starkt samband mellan att ha riktlinjer och att räkna perspiratio. Klinisk betydelse: Det kan finnas ett intresse för intensivvårdssjuksköterskor att ta del av hur andra intensivvårdsavdelningar förhåller sig till perspiratio i vätskebalansen. / Background: In the intensive care nurse's duties measuring and register fluid balance is included. Normal perspiration is between 800-1100ml/24h. Fluid loss through perspiration is difficult to quantify and in the critically ill patient the individual differences are large and perspiration can exceed the normal amount. Purpose: To investigate if perspiration is accounted for in the fluid balance and which factors affects the estimate. Method: An empirical, descriptive and analytical study with quantitative approach. Data collection was done through questionnaires distributed to heads of wards in intensive care units in Sweden Results: The survey showed that most intensive care units included fluid loss through perspiration in the fluid balance. In these intensive care units there were differences in which factors that affect the calculation. Most common was that the calculation was influenced by the patient's temperature, respiration rate and weight. Conclusion: Register perspiration as part of the fluid balance seems generally to occur in intensive care units in Sweden. Not all intensive care units have guidelines how to measure fluid balance. There are differences in the factors that affect the calculation of perspiratio and this supports the fact that perspiratio is difficult to calculate. There is also a strong correlation between having guidelines and counting. Clinical significance: There may be an interest for intensive care nurses to learn about how other intensive care units relate to perspiration in the fluid balance.

A critical care unit is a dynamic and highly technological environment. Professional nurses who have been working in the critical care unit for a period of time are passionate about the environment in which they work. They find their on duty time challenging and stimulating. The critical care environment is slowly changing. Due to the fact that there are fewer professional nurses with an additional qualification in critical care available to work in the critical care units. The utilisation of an increasing number of agency nurses leads to an increase in sub-standard nursing care as well as dissatisfied doctors and patients. The shortage of critical care staff has resulted in the need to find an alternative human resources framework and still provide cost effective, safe quality patient care. This leads to the design and implementation of a team nursing care framework for critical care. The research objectives for this study were: - To explore and describe the experiences of professional nurses with regard to a team nursing care framework in private critical care units. - Develop guidelines to optimize the team nursing care framework in critical care units in a private hospital group. The research is based on a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design. The study is based on a phenomenological approach to inquiry. Eleven in-depth semi structured face-to-face phenomenological interviews were utilized as the main means of collecting data. A purposive, criterion based, sampling method was used. Specific inclusion criteria were met and consent was obtained from the participants and from the management of the private clinic where the research was conducted. Two central themes were identified:- Theme One: The professional nurses experienced the team nursing care framework in the critical care unit as a burden. Six sub-themes were identified. - Theme Two: Professional nurses made recommendations for improvement of the team nursing care framework in the critical care unit. By describing the lived experiences of the professional nurses in the critical care units, based on research interviews, the researcher painted a clear picture of the team nursing care framework in the critical care unit. Guidelines were developed based on the identified themes. The broad guidelines are aimed at ensuring that the nurses are competent to care for critical care patients prior to them commencing work in the critical care unit. The researcher concludes this study by making recommendations for Nursing practice, education and research.

Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning visar på en förändring inom intensivvården och att fler patienter vårdas lättsederade i mekanisk ventilation. Sederingsnivån ska vara tillräcklig för att patienter ska tolerera endotrakealtuben och fortsatt behandling trots obehaget det ger. Detta leder till att patienter blir mer delaktiga i sin egen vård men ställer även högre krav på intensivvårdssjuksköterskor som ska vårda dessa patienter. Syfte: Att belysa patienters upplevelse av att vara lättsederad och vårdas vaken med mekanisk ventilation. Metod: För att besvara examensarbetets syfte användes en allmän litteraturöversikt. Tjugo vetenskapliga artiklar som bestod av både kvalitativ, kvantitativ och mixed method design användes. Analysen skedde genom att identifiera likheter och skillnader i syfte, metod och resultat. Resultat: I resultatet framkom det både fördelar och nackdelar med att vårdas lättsederad i mekanisk ventilation. Tre teman framkom i analysarbetet: upplevelser av sitt tillstånd, upplevelsen av att bli sedd och hörd samt upplevelsen av samspel och delaktighet. Slutsats: Patientupplevelsen visade på både psykiskt och fysisk påfrestning. Patienter uttrycker hinder gällande kommunikation, existentiella faktorer och relationer med anhöriga och sjuksköterskor. Trots detta uttrycks önskemål om att få vårdas lättsederade i mekanisk ventilation under ett vårdtillfälle på intensivvårdsavdelningen.

Bakgrund: Suicid och suicidförsök är ett känt folkhälsoproblem både internationellt och nationellt. I Sverige är det ca 15 000 personers som utför suicidförsök varje år och över 150 000 personer lider av allvarliga suicidtankar. En del av dessa patienter kommer att behandlas inom intensivvården, vilket ställer stora krav på intensivvårdssjuksköterskans professionella och etiska förhållningssätt i interaktionen med patienten och anhöriga, för att bygga upp och säkerställa en god vårdande relation Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa intensivvårdssjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vårda patienter som utfört suicidförsök.  Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats användes. Tio intensivvårdssjuksköterskor inkluderades i studien. Datainsamling genomfördes med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Resultatet presenteras genom fyra kategorier; Upplevelsen av svårigheter i mötet med patienten, Upplevelsen av begränsningar i omvårdnadsarbetet, Upplevelsen av svåra tankar i omvårdnadsarbetet och Upplevelsen av otillräckligt stöd från olika professioner. Resultatet påvisar sjuksköterskornas upplevelse av bristande samarbete mellan professioner, bristande utbildning och känslomässigt engagemang. Vilket ger en känsla av frustration som leder till svårigheter i mötet med den nämnda patientgruppen. Slutsats: I den kliniska vården finns det flera centrala faktorer som kan gynna eller försvåra vårdandet av patienter som försökt begå suicid såsom kommunikationen i mötet med patienten, sjuksköterskans professionella roll och tvärprofessionell samverkan mellan kliniker samt utbildning och kompetens. Som blivande intensivvårdssjuksköterskor anser författarna att studien ger viktiga infallsvinklar i ämnet som kan vara användbara och stärka den kommande yrkesrollen. Det kan upplevas känslomässigt komplicerat att behandla patientgruppen, detta i sin tur är viktigt att följa upp och ses över av enhetschefer och ansvariga för yrkesgruppen.