Cette étude traite des difficultés que rencontrent les travailleurs agricoles salariés dans l’exercice de leur droit à la liberté d’association et à la négociation collective. Ils sont souvent exclus des régimes législatifs nationaux de protection des droits syndicaux ou restreints dans leur capacité de les exercer en dépit du fait qu’ils sont parmi les plus pauvres et mal nourris de la planète et donc requerraient une protection accrue. Quelles sont les causes historiques de ce traitement discriminatoire (première partie) ? Comment le droit international du travail contribue-t-il à remédier à cette situation (deuxième partie) ? En quoi est-ce que le droit international du travail a-t-il influencé le droit interne canadien pour la protection des travailleurs agricoles salariés (troisième partie) ? Les causes du traitement singulier accordé à ces travailleurs remontent aux origines mêmes de l’agriculture. Consciente des caractéristiques particulières de cette activité, l’Organisation internationale du travail affirmera dès le début du 20e siècle qu’il est injustifié d’empêcher les travailleurs agricoles salariés de se syndiquer. Elle insiste sur la valeur fondamentale des droits syndicaux devant différents forums onusiens et favorise leur promotion à travers l’élaboration de normes du travail mais également d’instruments de soft law, considérés mieux adaptés dans un contexte contemporain de mondialisation. Ce droit international du travail influencera ensuite l’interprétation de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés par les tribunaux canadiens dans leur analyse de la constitutionnalité de l’exclusion totale ou partielle des travailleurs agricoles salariés des régimes législatifs de protection des droits syndicaux. / This study analyses the difficulties faced by agricultural workers exercising their rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining. These workers often find themselves excluded from national legislation providing for the protection of union rights, and when these rights are provided to them, their ability to exercise them is limited. Being amongst the poorest human beings on earth, agricultural workers would instead require stronger protection. What are the historical causes of this discriminatory treatment (part one) ? How has international labour law helped to correct this situation (part two) ? In what way did international labour law influence canadian domestic law in regard of the protection of wage earning agricultural workers (part three) ? The reasons for the singular treatment of this class of workers go back to agriculture’s very roots. Conscious of the particular characteristics of this activity, the International Labour Organisation asserted, at the very beginning of the 20th century, that no justification stood to limit the rights of agricultural workers to unionize. It later insisted on the fundamental value of union rights in front of diverse UN forums and favoured their promotion for agricultural workers through the elaboration of labour standards as well as extensive use of soft law tools, considered more suited to the globalised world. International labour law also contributed to the interpretation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom by Canadian courts in their analysis of the constitutionality of total or partial exclusion of agricultural workers from legislation protecting union rights.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Husek.pdf: 1022133 bytes, checksum: 83b9ef024e3a4c8e720f868a28826b1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-07 / Convention No. 158 of the International Labor Organization, in force within the international sphere since November 23, 1985, prohibits arbitrary dismissal of employees. Although Brazil ratified the Convention on January 5, 1995 and it came into force within Brazil as from publication of Promulgation Decree 1855 of 1996, the effects of said Convention were vacated by the Brazilian President on December 20, 1996. Within the international sphere, this vacation has been considered valid, but the lawfulness of such vacation is still under discussion on domestic terms, as per Direct Action for Unconstitutionality No. 1625. We conclude that a vacating act performed solely by the Brazilian President is valid and, therefore, International Labor Organization Convention No. 158 is currently not in force in Brazil. On the other hand, we believe there is no legal obstacle for Brazil to ratify, once again, International Labor Organization Convention No. 158, which seems to us to the course of action to be taken in view of the need of regulating article 7, item I of the Brazilian Federal Constitution, as well as due to the latest court decisions warning about the absence of legal guidelines for formal recognition of collective termination of employment contracts. If Convention No. 158 is once again ratified, its rules would be incorporated into the Brazilian legal system, being at least comparable to a constitutional rule; within this context, major changes would refer to the need of justification for termination of employment agreements, which should be based on article 482 of the Consolidated labor Law or on the employee s level of performance or on the employer s operations, as well as to incorporation of rules on collective dismissal of employees, which currently do not exist in the Brazilian legislation / A Convenção nº 158 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, vigente no âmbito internacional desde 23.11.1985, veda a dispensa arbitrária de trabalhadores. Apesar de o Brasil ter ratificado a Convenção em 5.1.1995 e de a mesma ter entrado em vigor no âmbito interno a partir da publicação do Decreto de Promulgação nº 1.855/1996, a Convenção foi denunciada pelo Presidente da República em 20.12.1996. No âmbito internacional, a denúncia foi considerada válida, mas internamente a legalidade da denúncia ainda está sendo discutida através da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade nº 1625. Concluímos que a denúncia realizada exclusivamente pelo Presidente da República é válida e, portanto, atualmente a Convenção nº 158 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho não está vigente no Brasil. Por outro lado, entendemos que não há óbice legal para o Brasil ratificar, novamente, a Convenção nº 158 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, o que nos parece ser o caminho que deveria ser seguido, em razão da necessidade de regramento do artigo 7º, inciso I, da Constituição Federal, bem como das recentes decisões judiciais que alertaram sobre a ausência de diretrizes legais para a formalização de rescisões coletivas de contratos de trabalho. Na hipótese de nova ratificação da Convenção nº 158, suas regras integrariam o ordenamento jurídico com, ao menos, status de norma constitucional e as mudanças significativas referem-se à necessidade de motivação da rescisão do contrato de trabalho, a qual deveria ser baseada no artigo 482 da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho ou no desempenho do trabalhador ou no funcionamento do empregador, bem como à incorporação das regras relacionadas à dispensa coletiva de trabalhadores, atualmente inexistentes na legislação pátria

Cette étude traite des difficultés que rencontrent les travailleurs agricoles salariés dans l’exercice de leur droit à la liberté d’association et à la négociation collective. Ils sont souvent exclus des régimes législatifs nationaux de protection des droits syndicaux ou restreints dans leur capacité de les exercer en dépit du fait qu’ils sont parmi les plus pauvres et mal nourris de la planète et donc requerraient une protection accrue. Quelles sont les causes historiques de ce traitement discriminatoire (première partie) ? Comment le droit international du travail contribue-t-il à remédier à cette situation (deuxième partie) ? En quoi est-ce que le droit international du travail a-t-il influencé le droit interne canadien pour la protection des travailleurs agricoles salariés (troisième partie) ? Les causes du traitement singulier accordé à ces travailleurs remontent aux origines mêmes de l’agriculture. Consciente des caractéristiques particulières de cette activité, l’Organisation internationale du travail affirmera dès le début du 20e siècle qu’il est injustifié d’empêcher les travailleurs agricoles salariés de se syndiquer. Elle insiste sur la valeur fondamentale des droits syndicaux devant différents forums onusiens et favorise leur promotion à travers l’élaboration de normes du travail mais également d’instruments de soft law, considérés mieux adaptés dans un contexte contemporain de mondialisation. Ce droit international du travail influencera ensuite l’interprétation de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés par les tribunaux canadiens dans leur analyse de la constitutionnalité de l’exclusion totale ou partielle des travailleurs agricoles salariés des régimes législatifs de protection des droits syndicaux. / This study analyses the difficulties faced by agricultural workers exercising their rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining. These workers often find themselves excluded from national legislation providing for the protection of union rights, and when these rights are provided to them, their ability to exercise them is limited. Being amongst the poorest human beings on earth, agricultural workers would instead require stronger protection. What are the historical causes of this discriminatory treatment (part one) ? How has international labour law helped to correct this situation (part two) ? In what way did international labour law influence canadian domestic law in regard of the protection of wage earning agricultural workers (part three) ? The reasons for the singular treatment of this class of workers go back to agriculture’s very roots. Conscious of the particular characteristics of this activity, the International Labour Organisation asserted, at the very beginning of the 20th century, that no justification stood to limit the rights of agricultural workers to unionize. It later insisted on the fundamental value of union rights in front of diverse UN forums and favoured their promotion for agricultural workers through the elaboration of labour standards as well as extensive use of soft law tools, considered more suited to the globalised world. International labour law also contributed to the interpretation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom by Canadian courts in their analysis of the constitutionality of total or partial exclusion of agricultural workers from legislation protecting union rights.

The work pursues a way to the concretization of the fundamental right to labor union liberty in Brazil. The Convention 87 of International Labor Organization - ILO, which treats of Union Liberty, was not ratified by Brazil, which maintains the system of union unicity to the labor unions, vinculated to the obligatory union contribution. The referred convention is inserted in 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles an Rights, which integrates ILO’s Constitution. Therefore, this non-ratification affronts the fundamental right of employee and contradicts Brazil’s participation as a Member State of International Labor Organization. However, national courts must pay attention to the International Labor Law to solve litigations. In this matter, the vision of International Labor Organization is presented, found in decisions of national courts, with diverse possibilities of International Labor Law application. Under the optic of internal law, the Theory of Material Opening of Fundamental Rights Catalogues on Brazilian Constitution is studied as an instrument to the efficacy of union liberty in Brazil. In this context, even with other fundaments, recent jurisprudence of the Superior Labor Court - SLC applied the decisions of International Labor Organization’s Committee on Freedom of Association and admitted the substitution of the obligatory union contribution by the union contribution approved in Assembly, indicating a way to concretize union liberty. The relevance and the potential of this way is demonstrated to the concretization of the fundamental right to labor union liberty in Brazil. / O trabalho busca um caminho para a plena eficácia do direito fundamental à liberdade sindical no Brasil. A Convenção 87 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho - OIT, que trata da liberdade sindical, não foi ratificada pelo Brasil, que mantém o sistema de unicidade sindical para os sindicatos, vinculados à contribuição sindical obrigatória. A referida convenção está inserida na Declaração de Princípios e Direitos Fundamentais da OIT de 1998, que integra a Constituição da OIT. Assim, essa não ratificação afronta o direito fundamental do trabalhador e contradiz a participação do Brasil como Estado-Membro da Organização Internacional do Trabalho. No entanto, os tribunais nacionais devem se atentar ao Direito Internacional do Trabalho para solucionar litígios. Nesse sentido, apresentase a visão da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, colhida em decisões de tribunais nacionais, com diversas possibilidades de aplicação do Direito Internacional do Trabalho. Sob a ótica do direito interno, estuda-se a Teoria da Abertura Material do Catálogo de Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Brasileira como instrumento para a plena eficácia da liberdade sindical no Brasil. Nessa direção, ainda que com outros fundamentos, a jurisprudência recente do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho - TST aplicou as decisões do Comitê de Liberdade Sindical da Organização Internacional do Trabalho e admitiu a substituição da contribuição sindical obrigatória pela contribuição sindical aprovada em Assembleia, indicando um caminho para a plena eficácia da liberdade sindical. Demonstra-se a relevância e o potencial desse caminho para a plena eficácia do direito fundamental à liberdade sindical no Brasil.

This contribution analyzes the role fulfilled by International Labor Standards and, specifically, by social clauses in Free Trade Conventions and Agreements, as a way of preventing social dumping and building a social dimension in the globalization and regionalization of economy. The author offers the case of the MERCOSUR Labor and Social Declaration, issued in 2015, which amends that of the year 1998, studying its contents, legal efficacy and supervision mechanisms. He emphasizes the fact that social charters generally limit themselves to recognizing fundamental or basic labor rights already found in the legislation of the member countries, but which are nonetheless useful for hindering attempts to deregulate or relax social and labor provisions. / En la presente contribución, se analiza el rol que cumplen las Normas Internacionales del Trabajo y en particular las cláusulas sociales en los Tratados y Acuerdos de Libre Comercio, como forma de evitar el dumping social y c onstruir u na d imensión s ocial e n l a g lobalización, mundialización y regionalización de la economía. El autor expone el caso de la Declaración Social Laboral del MERCOSUR, aprobada en el 2015, que revisa la sancionada en el año 1998, estudiando su contenido, su eficacia jurídica y los mecanismos de contralor. Destaca que las Cartas sociales generalmente se limitan a reconocer derechos laborales fundamentales o básicos que ya se encuentran contemplados en los ordenamientos de los países que se integran, pero que igualmente sirven para poner un freno alos intentos de desregular o flexibilizar la normativa socio-laboral.